| 释义 |
- References
- Bibliography
James Martin Hogan is primarily known as co-founder of the worldwide Outward Bound movement of outdoor adventure education schools, along with Kurt Hahn and Lawrence Durning Holt, having been the first warden of the sea school - the first Outward Bound school - established in Aberdovey, Wales by Holt to train crews of his Blue Funnel Line.[1][2] Hogan has been credited with choosing the now-famous Outward Bound motto: "To serve, to strive, and not to yield."[3] Hogan was a Boy Scout leader and Wood Badge holder.[4]References1. ^Hogan was succeeded at the first OB school by its second warden Freddie Fuller.
2. ^Birth of Outward Bound {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626031911/http://www.outwardbound.net/about-us/history/the-birth-of-outward-bound/ |date=2014-06-26 }}
3. ^[https://www.academia.edu/2832057/The_adventures_of_Ulysses_and_the_Outward_Bound_motto OB motto]
4. ^James Martin Hogan and Outward Bound should not be confused with Irish science fiction writer James Patrick Hogan (1941-2010) and his science fiction novel Outward Bound (1999).
Bibliography- Hogan, James Martin, Impelled Into Experiences: the story of the Outward Bound schools, Educational Productions, 1968. {{ISBN|0715803905}}. {{ISBN|978-0715803905}}.
- Richards, Anthony, The Genesis of Outward Bound.
- Wagstaff, Mark, A History of Challenge Courses. [https://www.nmmi.edu/academics/leadership/documents/HistoryOfCCourses.pdf]
- Zelinski, Mark, 1991, Outward Bound: The Inward Odyssey, Hillsboro, Oregon: Beyond Words.
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