| 词条 | Joaquín Milans del Bosch |
| 释义 |
|name = Joaquín Milans del Bosch |image = Joaquín Milans del Bosch.JPG|image_size=250 |caption = Lieutenant General Milans del Bosch in 1916 |office = Civil Governor of Barcelona |term = {{ubl|style=line-height:1.3em| |{{resize|95%|{{hla|1924|09|26|1930|02|18}} }} }} |monarch = Alfonso XIII |primeminister = Miguel Primo de Rivera |predecessor = Carlos de Lossada |successor = Ignasi Despujol de Sabater |office1 = Captain General of Catalonia |term1 = {{ubl|style=line-height:1.3em| |{{resize|95%|{{hla|1918|09|30|1920|02|10}} }} }} |predecessor1 = Ramón García y Menacho |successor1 = Valeriano Weyler |birth_date = {{dob|1854|06|06|df=y}} |birth_place = Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain |death_date = {{dda|1936|08|31|1854|06|06|df=y}} |death_place = Lineal, Madrid, Spain |blank1 = Spouse |data1 = María Teresa Núñez |blank2 = Related to |data2 = {{ubl|Francisco Milans del Bosch|Jaime Milans del Bosch}} |blank3 = Civil awards |data3 = {{ubl|Order of Charles III|Order of Civil Merit}} |signature = Firma de Joaquín Milans del Bosch, gobernador civil de la provincia de Barcelona.svg |allegiance = Bourbon Restoration |military_blank1 = Branch |military_data1 = {{ubl|Spanish Army|Army of Africa}} |military_blank2 = Service years |military_data2 = 1872–1930 |military_blank3 = Rank |military_data3 = Teniente general |military_blank4 = Wars |military_data4 = {{ubl |Third Carlist War {{small|(1893)}} |Margallo War {{small|(1893–1894)}} |Tagalog War {{small|(1897–1898)}} }} |military_blank5 = Military awards |military_data5 = {{ubl|Order of Military Merit|Order of Saint Hermenegild}} }} Joaquín Léon Milans del Bosch y Carrió (6 June 1854 – 31 August 1936) was a Spanish military officer. The change in ideological orientation of the Milans del Bosch family was completed with his generation; traditionally, they had been liberal military officers, but during the twentieth century they aligned themselves with reactionary forces. BiographyEarly lifeHis father died when he was three years old. He was raised under the protection of his uncle, Lorenzo Milans del Bosch. He joined the cavalry army at a young age, lived through the Bourbon Restoration and embraced the cause of Alfonso XII. Military careerMilans del Bosch fought in the Third Carlist War in 1893, and in the Philippines from 1897 to 1898, where he coincided with the future dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera. Following the signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, he returned to Spain where, after a few different military and diplomatic posts, he was named assistant to Alfonso XIII, and Gentleman of the Bedchamber. He was later posted to Madrid and Morocco, where he was elevated to the rank of lieutenant general. Captain General of CataloniaOn 30 September 1918, Milans del Bosch was named Captain General of Catalonia.{{sfn|El Fígaro|1918|loc=Sep. 25}} The situation in Catalonia was tense due to the economic crisis caused by the halt of exportations to belligerent countries and by risen prices. The workers' movement—led by the National Confederation of Labour—organized itself and fought the gunmen of the Employers' Association. Milans gave his support to the employers' association and used military methods to repress social conflicts in what is known as La Canadiense strike. He felt he had the support of the upper classes of Catalan society and did not quit his post until King Alfonso, prodded by the Cortes Generales, directly ordered his resignation, which Milans tendered on {{nowr|10 February 1920}}.{{sfn|ABC|1920|loc=Feb. 11}}{{sfn|El Fígaro|1920|loc=Feb. 11}} During his tenure, he was invited to ceremonies and wedding banquets by the Barcelona aristocracy. King Alfonso—in compensation for Milan's obedience and years of service—named him head of the Casa Militar de la Casa Real. Civil Governor of BarcelonaOn 26 September 1924—three months after he left his post at the Casa Militar—Milans del Bosch was named Civil Governor of Barcelona by his friend Miguel Primo de Rivera.{{sfn|Soldevilla|1925|pp=332–333}} Together with the minister of governance and the Captain General of Catalonia, he carried out a fierce anti-Catalanist campaign. In 1925, he ordered the closure of the FC Barcelona stadium, Camp Nou, as well as closure of the {{lang|ca|Orfeó Català}}; he banned Catalan cultural organizations and suspended publication of Catalan newspapers and magazines. He was removed from office upon the fall of the dictatorship on {{nowr|18 February 1930}}.{{sfn|La Vanguardia|1930|loc=Feb. 19}} Later life and executionFrom October 1927 to February 1930, Milans del Bosch was a member of the {{lang|es|Asamblea Nacional Consultiva}} by designation of the dictator, Primo de Rivera. He chose not to leave Madrid after the attempted coup d'état of {{nowr|18 July 1936}} that started the Spanish Civil War—his son Mariano had been detained—though he had the option to take refuge in the Turkish embassy. He was detained by militiamen on 30 August and executed the following day at Almudena Cemetery.{{-}} NotesSourcesBooks{{refbegin}}
|last = Cardona |first = G. |year = 2005 |title = Los Milans del Bosch: Una Familia de Armas Tomar |language = Spanish |location = Barcelona |publisher = Edhasa |isbn = 9788435026659 |ref = harv }}
|last = McHarg |first = F. |year = 2009 |title = Pistoleros: The Chronicles of Farquhar McHarg |location = Oakland |publisher = PM Press |isbn = 9781604864014 |ref = harv }}
|last = Salvadó |first = F. |year = 2008 |title = The Foundations of Civil War |location = New York |publisher = Routledge |isbn = 9781134221943 |ref = harv }}
|last = Soldevilla |first = F. |year = 1925 |title = El Año Político: Año XXX, 1924 |language = Spanish |location = Madrid |publisher = J. Cosano |oclc = 934289402 |ref = harv }}{{refend}}Newspapers{{refbegin}}
|title = El Dia en Barcelona: El General Milans del Bosch |url = http://www.memoriademadrid.es/buscador.php?accion=VerFicha&id=48281&num_id=1&num_total=49 |newspaper = El Fígaro |language = Spanish |date = 1918-09-25 |accessdate = 2018-12-09 |df = dmy-all |ref = {{sfnref|El Fígaro|1918}} }}
|title = El Dia en Barcelona: En Capitanía General |url = http://www.memoriademadrid.es/buscador.php?accion=VerFicha&id=51296&num_id=5&num_total=10 |newspaper = El Fígaro |language = Spanish |date = 1920-02-11 |accessdate = 2018-12-09 |df = dmy-all |ref = {{sfnref|El Fígaro|1920}} }}
|title = La Capitania General de Cataluña y la Situacion en Barcelona |url = http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1920/02/11/016.html |newspaper = ABC |language = Spanish |date = 1920-02-11 |accessdate = 2018-12-09 |df = dmy-all |ref = {{sfnref|ABC|1920}} }}
|title = El Nuevo Gobernador Civil |url = http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1930/02/19/pagina-6/33217397/pdf.html |newspaper = La Vanguardia |language = Spanish |date = 1930-02-19 |accessdate = 2018-12-09 |df = dmy-all |ref = {{sfnref|La Vanguardia|1930}} }}{{refend}} External links
11 : 1854 births|1936 deaths|Captains General of Catalonia|Civil governors of Barcelona|Executed military personnel|Executed Spanish people|People killed by the Second Spanish Republic|People from Barcelona|People killed in the Spanish Civil War|Spanish generals|Spanish diplomats |
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