| 词条 | Saint Thomas Tower |
| 释义 |
| name = Saint Thomas Tower & Battery | native_name = Torri u Batterija ta' San Tumas | partof = the Wignacourt towers | location = Marsaskala, Malta | image = St Thomas Tower 10.jpg | image_size = 300px | caption = View of Saint Thomas Tower and its battery | map = St. Thomas Tower & Battery map.png | image_mapsize = 300px | map_caption = Map of St. Thomas Tower and its battery | type = Bastioned coastal watchtower Artillery battery | coordinates = {{coord|35|51|40.3|N|14|34|21|E|type:landmark_region:MT|display=inline}} | ownership = Government of Malta | controlledby = Fondazzjoni Wirt Artna | open_to_public = | built = 1614 (tower) 1715 (battery) | used = 1614–19th century | builder = Order of Saint John | materials = Limestone | height = | condition = Intact | battles = Siege of Malta (1798–1800) }} This article is about the tower in Marsaskala, Malta. There is another tower of the same name in the Tower of London. Saint Thomas Tower ({{lang-mt|Torri ta' San Tumas}}), also known as Fort Saint Thomas ({{lang-mt|Forti San Tumas}}), is a large bastioned watchtower in Marsaskala, Malta. It was built in 1614, the third of six Wignacourt towers. An artillery battery was added to the tower in the early 18th century. Saint Thomas Tower is the largest watchtower in Malta. HistorySaint Thomas Tower was built above the shore on the seaward face of the headland of il-Ħamrija in Marsaskala. It is a substantial fortification intended to prevent the landing of troops in the sheltered anchorages of Marsaskala Creek and St Thomas Bay. Construction of the tower was approved in July 1614, at the time of the raid of Żejtun, in which an Ottoman fleet managed to land at St Thomas Bay. The tower was named after a chapel dedicated to St Thomas which stood close to where the tower now lies. It cost 13,450 scudi, 6 tari and 4 grani to build, making it the second most expensive Wignacourt tower, after Saint Mary's Tower. The tower's architect is unknown. There are claims that it was designed by Vittorio Cassar,[1] but these are disputed since Cassar was probably dead when work on the tower began.[2] The tower has very thick walls and has four pentagonal bastioned turrets projecting outwards on each corner. The tower's entrance was through a vaulted doorway with a wooden drawbridge. The drawbridge is still partially intact and it is the only original one to have survived in Malta. The tower is surrounded by a rock-hewn ditch. After the De Redin towers were built, St Thomas had Żonqor and Xrobb l-Għaġin Towers in its line of sight, but these are now either in ruins or completely demolished. In 1715, St Thomas Tower was reinforced by the addition of a battery on the seaward face. Construction of the battery cost a total of 382 scudi, 8 tarì, 11 grani and 1 piccolo, which was less than the cost of construction of other batteries around the coast. During the French blockade of 1798–1800, the tower was stormed and captured by Maltese insurgents.[3][4] The tower remained in use by the British until the 19th century. The British did not make any major alterations to the tower (like they did in Saint Lucian Tower), and only some minor changes to the structure were made. At some point, the tower was also used as a prison.[5] Present dayToday, the town of Marsaskala has expanded, surrounding the tower with modern buildings. In 1982, the four-star Corinthia Jerma Palace Hotel was built between the tower and the coast, effectively ruining the tower's relation with the sea.[6] The hotel closed in 2007, and it is now in a dilapidated state.[7] Meanwhile, the tower itself now forms the centerpiece of a plaza around its shoreward face. For some time, it was used as a restaurant and pizzeria. In 2008, it was handed over to Fondazzjoni Wirt Artna, a heritage foundation.[8] A couple of weeks after it was handed over, the tower was cleaned of debris, and some modern structures which had been added when it was a restaurant were removed.[9] Further restoration work was undertaken by the Restoration Unit. Plans were made to open the tower as a museum about piracy in the Mediterranean, but it has not opened yet.[10] The battery's gun platform was also restored, and its parapet and embrasures were rebuilt to a design on modern interpretative lines. In 2014, the Marsaskala Local Council organized exhibitions, re-enactments and other events in the tower to commemorate its 400th anniversary.[11] In popular culture
Further reading
References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Schiavone|first1=Michael J.|title=Dictionary of Maltese Biographies Vol. 1 A-F|date=2009|publisher=Pubblikazzjonijiet Indipendenza|location=Pietà|isbn=9789993291329|page=534}} 2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Spiteri|first1=Stephen C.|title=In Defence of the Coast (I) - The Bastioned Towers|journal=Arx - International Journal of Military Architecture and Fortification|date=2013|issue=3|pages=34–43|url=http://www.militaryarchitecture.com/index.php/Journals/arx-occasional-papers-in-defence-of-the-coast-i.html|accessdate=1 May 2015}} 3. ^{{cite journal |last1=Stroud |first1=John |title=The Maltese Army of 1798 |journal=On Parade |page=38 |url=http://afm.gov.mt/file.aspx?f=665 |accessdate=26 July 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6aJrUIwsz?url=http://afm.gov.mt/file.aspx?f=665 |archivedate=July 26, 2015 |df= }} 4. ^https://wirtizzejtun2.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/iz-zejtun-fil-migja-fran_gbz1998.pdf 5. ^{{cite web|last1=Spiteri|first1=Stephen C.|title=St. Thomas Tower and Battery|url=http://www.militaryarchitecture.com/index.php/Fortifications/st-thomas-tower-and-battery.html|website=MilitaryArchitecture.com|accessdate=31 August 2014|date=18 October 2010}} 6. ^{{cite news|last1=Zahra|first1=Angelo|title=The Jerma Palace Hotel saga|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20070412/letters/the-jerma-palace-hotel-saga.20662|accessdate=1 May 2015|work=Times of Malta|date=12 April 2007}} 7. ^{{cite news|title=Jerma Hotel becomes a hulk|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20110913/local/jerma-hotel-becomes-a-dumping-ground.384597|accessdate=1 May 2015|work=Times of Malta|date=13 September 2011}} 8. ^{{cite news|title=St Thomas tower entrusted to FWA|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20080804/local/st-thomas-tower-entrusted-to-fwa.219473|accessdate=1 May 2015|work=Times of Malta|date=4 August 2008}} 9. ^{{cite news|title=St Thomas tower gets much needed clean-up|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20080822/local/st-thomas-tower-gets-much-needed-clean-up.221842|accessdate=1 May 2015|work=Times of Malta|date=22 August 2008}} 10. ^{{cite news|title=Marsascala tower for pirates of the Mediterranean|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20080825/local/marsascala-tower-for-pirates-of-the-mediterranean.222214|accessdate=31 August 2014|work=Times of Malta|date=25 August 2008}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Iljieli Skalin|url=http://www.whatson.com.mt/en/home/events/9648/iljieli-skalin.htm|website=What’s On Malta|accessdate=1 May 2015}} External links{{commons category|St Thomas Tower}}
10 : Wignacourt towers|Batteries in Malta|Defunct prisons in Malta|Defunct restaurants in Malta|Buildings and structures completed in 1614|Military installations established in 1715|Marsaskala|National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands|1614 establishments in Malta|1715 establishments in Malta |
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