| 词条 | John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev |
| 释义 |
| name = John the Elder | image = Hans den Eldre.JPG | caption = | succession = Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev | reign = 1544–1580 | spouse = | issue = | house = Oldenburg | father = King Frederick I of Denmark | mother = Sophie of Pomerania | birth_date = {{birth_date|1521|6|21|df=yes}} | birth_place = Haderslevhus Castle, Haderslev, Denmark | death_date = {{death date and age|1580|10|1|1521|6|21|df=yes}} | death_place = Hansborg Castle, Haderslev, Denmark | burial_date = February 1581 | burial_place = Schleswig Cathedral | religion = Lutheranism }}{{House of Oldenburg|frederick1}} }} John of Denmark or John the Elder (aka Hans the Elder) ({{lang-de|Johann der Ältere}} or {{lang|de|Hans der Ältere}}; {{lang-da|Hans den Ældre}}; born: 29 June 1521 in Haderslev; died: 1 October 1580 at Hansborg Castle, Haderslev) was the only Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev. The predicate the Elder is sometimes used to distinguish him from his nephew, John the Younger, who held Sønderborg from 1564 as a partitioned-off duke. As a co-ruler in the duchies of Holstein and of Schleswig, John the Elder is numbered as John II, continuing counting King John of Denmark as John I, Duke of Holstein and Schleswig.{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}} FamilyJohn was the son of King Frederick I of Denmark and his second wife, Sophie of Pomerania. As a possible heir to the throne, he enjoyed a careful education and spent several years at the court of his brother-in-law Albert, Duke of Prussia, in Königsberg. This was in Lutheran Ducal Prussia, a Polish fief, modernized into a secular state from the Teutonic State of Prussia since 1525. This successful policy would be seminal for John's understanding of politics and the state, as he also never became a fully sovereign prince. Reign as Duke (1544–1580)From 1544, John ruled the duchies of Schleswig and of Holstein jointly with his brother, Adolf of Denmark, and his half-brother, King Christian III of Denmark. He ruled from Haderslevhus Castle and later built Hansborg Castle in his hometown, a magnificent Renaissance palace situated east of the city of Haderslev. His territory consisted of the Counties of Haderslev, including Tørning, Tønder, and Løgumkloster, and the islands of Nordstrand and Fehmarn in Schleswig, plus Rendsburg and some smaller communities in Holstein. During his reign, John joined the Reformation and founded several social and educational institutions, notably the Duke John Hospital in Haderslev. He introduced many reforms to the legal system and was regarded as a dedicated judge. As one of the first rulers between the seas, he sat down for an active land reclamation and coastal protection program, presumably, he ruled over the most vulnerable stretch of the Schleswig coastline. In 1559, John, his brother Adolf, and King Christian's successor, Frederick II of Denmark, occupied the independent peasant Republic of Dithmarschen, and divided it among themselves. John died unmarried and childless in 1580. After his death, his territory was divided between his brothers, Adolf and Frederick. LegacyIn contrast to most of the dukes of Schleswig and Holstein, posterity has a very positive view of John the Elder. This holds especially for his capital Haderslev, which was a ducal residence only during his time and has benefited ever since. he is still popular as a sort of patron saint. The largest annual summer festival in Haderslev, the Hertug-Hans-Fest is named after, and the local brewery Fuglsang has named a beer after him (Hertug Hans Pils). Even the Hospital (which he founded) still bears his name. His judgments were fully published in book form (De Hansborgske Dømme). Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev |2= 2. Frederick I of Denmark |3= 3. Sophie of Pomerania |4= 4. Christian I of Denmark |5= 5. Dorothea of Brandenburg |6= 6. Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania |7= 7. Anna Jagiellon |8= 8. Dietrich, Count of Oldenburg |9= 9. Helvig of Schauenburg |10= 10. John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach |11= 11. Barbara of Saxe-Wittenberg |12= 12. Eric II, Duke of Pomerania |13= 13. Sophie of Pomerania |14= 14. Casimir IV Jagiellon |15= 15. Elisabeth of Austria |16= 16. Christian V, Count of Oldenburg |17= 17. Agnes of Hohnstein-Heringen |18= 18. Gerhard VI, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg |19= 19. Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg |20= 20. Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg |21= 21. Elisabeth of Bavaria |22= 22. Rudolph III, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg |23= 23. Barbara of Legnica |24= 24. Wartislaw IX, Duke of Pomerania |25= 25. Sophia of Saxe-Lauenburg |26= 26. Bogislaw IX, Duke of Pomerania |27= 27. Maria of Masovia |28= 28. Jogaila |29= 29. Sophia of Halshany |30= 30. Albert II of Germany |31= 31. Elizabeth of Luxembourg }} Sources
his brother and nephew inherited}}{{s-bef|rows=1|before=Christian III}}{{s-ttl|rows=1|title=Duke of Holstein and Duke of Schleswig as John II|regent1=Adolf|years1=1544–1586|regent2=Christian III|years2=1523–1559|regent3=Frederick II|years3=1559–1588|years=1544–1580}}{{s-aft|rows=1|after=Adolf and Frederick II (in condominial rule)}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2012}}{{DEFAULTSORT:John 02 Schleswig Holstein Haderslev}} 8 : Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein|16th-century Danish people|16th-century German people|House of Oldenburg|1521 births|1580 deaths|People from Haderslev Municipality|People of the Count's Feud |
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