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词条 John Ratcliffe (American politician)
释义

  1. Early life, education, and early career

  2. George W. Bush administration

  3. U.S. House of Representatives

     2014 election  2016 election  2018 election  Tenure 

  4. Political positions

     National security   Cybersecurity    Net neutrality 

  5. Personal life

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. External links

{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2018}}{{Infobox officeholder
| name = John Ratcliffe
| image = Congressman_John_Lee_Ratcliffe.jpg
| state = Texas
| district = {{ushr|TX|4|4th}}
| term_start = January 3, 2015
| term_end =
| predecessor = Ralph Hall
| successor =
| office1 = United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Texas
| president1 = George W. Bush
| term_start1 = 2007
| term_end1 = 2008
| predecessor1 = Matthew D. Orwig[1]
| successor1 = Rebecca Gregory[2]
| office2 = Mayor of Heath
| term_start2 = 2004
| term_end2 = 2012
| predecessor2 = Chris Cuny[3]
| successor2 = Lorne Liechty[4]
| birth_name = John Lee Ratcliffe
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1965|10|20}}
| birth_place = Mount Prospect, Illinois, U.S.
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = Republican
| education = University of Notre Dame (BA)
Southern Methodist University (JD)
| website = {{url|ratcliffe.house.gov|House website}}
}}John Lee Ratcliffe[5] (born October 20, 1965) is an American politician who serves as the congressman for Texas's 4th district. In the runoff primary election on May 27, 2014, Ratcliffe defeated 17-term incumbent Ralph Hall.[6] Ratcliffe was unopposed in the general election on November 4 and was sworn in as a member of the 114th Congress on January 6, 2015. He was re-elected to a second term in 2016 with 88% of the vote, defeating Cody Wommack. On November 6, 2018, Ratcliffe was re-elected to a third term with nearly 76% of the vote, defeating Catherine Krantz.[7]

In Heritage Action's final scorecard for the 114th Congress, Ratcliffe was ranked as the most conservative Texas legislator in Congress and second most conservative legislator in the country.[8]

Early life, education, and early career

Born in Mount Prospect, Illinois, northwest of Chicago, Ratcliffe was the youngest of six children; both of his parents were {{nowrap|teachers.[9][10]}} He graduated from the University of Notre Dame in 1987 with a Bachelor of Arts in Government and International Studies, then attended law school at SMU in Dallas (now Dedman School of Law) and earned his Juris Doctor in 1989.[11]

Ratcliffe is board certified in civil trial law by the National Board of Trial Advocacy. He has served as adjunct professor of law at various law schools, including Dedman School of Law (SMU) and Texas Wesleyan University. Between 2004 and 2012, he was elected to four consecutive terms as mayor of Heath, Texas.[12]

George W. Bush administration

In 2004, Ratcliffe was appointed to be Chief of Anti-Terrorism and National Security for the Eastern District of Texas in the Department of Justice.[13] In 2007, he was named Acting U.S. Attorney of the Eastern District of Texas and subsequently appointed US Attorney by former Attorney General Michael Mukasey.[14] It covered {{convert|33,000|sqmi}}, including almost all of the 4th congressional district. He managed a combined staff of over 100 federal prosecutors and support personnel, 6 district offices, and a $12 million budget allocated by the Department of Justice. [15]

Following his public service, he went back into private law practice, becoming a partner with the former Attorney General John Ashcroft in the Ashcroft, Sutton, Ratcliffe law firm.[16] He served as an aide to Mitt Romney as part of a transition team established before the 2012 elections for vetting potential government appointees.[17][18]

U.S. House of Representatives

2014 election

{{Main|United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2014#District 4}}

Ratcliffe decided to run in the Republican primary against 17-term incumbent Congressman Ralph Hall of the 4th district. At ninety-one, Hall was the oldest member of Congress and the oldest person ever to serve in the House of Representatives. The Dallas Morning News wrote that Ratcliffe was Hall's "most serious political challenge in years."[19] In a primary where Hall had begun to look increasingly vulnerable, Ratcliffe received the endorsement of the Dallas Morning News, which applauded Hall's long record of public service but cited Ratcliffe's "impressive credentials" and the need for "new ideas and fresh energy."[20] No Democrat even filed, though the 4th is so heavily Republican that any Democratic candidate would have faced nearly impossible odds in any event. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index of R+25, it is the fifth most Republican district in Texas and tied for the 13th most Republican district in the nation.

In the March 4 primary, Ratcliffe finished second with 29 percent of the vote, behind Hall's 45 percent. However, because Hall came up short of a majority, a runoff was forced on May 27. Ratcliffe was subsequently endorsed by the Tea Party Express, the Senate Conservatives Fund, and Club For Growth. Hall was endorsed by the National Rifle Association, former Congressman Ron Paul, former Congresswoman Michele Bachmann, and former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee.[21]

In the May 27 runoff, Ratcliffe defeated Hall with 53 percent of the vote. He won eleven of the eighteen counties in the district, including the four largest (Grayson, Rockwall, Hunt, and Lamar).

Although it is very rare in any event for a primary challenger to defeat a sitting congressman, Ratcliffe's victory was historic as it marked the first time that a sitting Republican congressman in Texas had been ousted in a primary. Incumbents had previously been successful in all 257 attempts.[22] Hall's defeat was also the first by an incumbent member of Congress in the 2014 election cycle. Ratcliffe was sworn in as a member of the 114th United States Congress on January 6, 2015. He is just the fourth person to represent the district since it was created in 1903, and the first freshman Republican to win it.

2016 election

{{Main|United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2016#District 4}}

On March 1, 2016, Ratcliffe easily defeated two primary challengers by earning 68 percent of the vote total. He finished 47 percentage points ahead of the second-place finisher. Once again, no Democrat even filed, all but assuring Ratcliffe of a second term. In the 2016 General Election, Ratcliffe held a Libertarian opponent to 12 percent of the ballots cast.

2018 election

{{Main|United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2018#District 4}}

On November 6, 2018, Ratcliffe won re-election to a third term with nearly 76% of the vote, defeating Democratic challenger, Catherine Krantz, and Libertarian challenger, Ken Ashby.[23]

Tenure

Ratcliffe serves on the Judiciary Committee, Homeland Security Committee, and Ethics Committee. He is also the Chairman of the Homeland Security Subcommittee on Cybersecurity. He was named to the Task Force on Combating Terrorist and Foreign Fighter Travel.[24]

The Dallas Morning News said in April 2016 that "Ratcliffe's first term in Washington proves that freshman lawmakers can be players of consequence in Congress."[25]

Ratcliffe's questioning of then FBI Director James Comey during a House Judiciary Committee hearing in September 2016 has become front and center in the debate about whether Comey's decision to not recommend charges against Clinton was predetermined. When Ratcliffe asked Comey in that hearing whether Comey made his decision to not recommend charges against Clinton before or after interviewing her, he responded "after." That answer under oath potentially contradicts subsequent reports that Comey began drafting his exoneration memo before interviewing Clinton.[26]

Ratcliffe is a member of the Republican Study Committee[27] and the Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus.[28]

In late 2018, Ratcliffe was reportedly considered for the role of Attorney General by the Trump Administration.[29][30]

Political positions

National security

Ratcliffe supported President Donald Trump's 2017 executive order to temporarily curtail immigration from seven predominantly Muslim countries until better screening methods are devised. He stated, "I applaud President Trump's actions to vamp up the vetting of refugees attempting to enter our country."[31]

Cybersecurity

Ratcliffe, in his role as Chairman of the United States House Homeland Security Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection, has been an active cybersecurity legislator. On November 2, 2017, Donald Trump signed Ratcliffe's H.R. 1616 "Strengthening State and Local Cyber Crime Fighting Act of 2017" into public law.[32] On December 16, 2016, Barack Obama signed Ratcliffe's H.R. 5877 "United States-Israel Advanced Research Partnership Act of 2016" into public law.[33] In March 2014, Ratcliffe oversaw a congressional hearing, "The Current State of DHS Private Sector Engagement for Cybersecurity", that studied ways to get the private sector and the Department of Homeland Security to better cooperate to prevent terrorist activity. He secured testimony from various organizations: the Hitrust Alliance, Intel Security Group, Symantec, Palo Alto Networks, and New America's Open Technology Institute.[34]

Net neutrality

In December 2017, Ratcliffe signed a letter from Congress (along with 106 other members of Congress) to FCC Chairman Ajit Pai supporting his plan to repeal net neutrality ahead of the commission's vote.[35]

Personal life

Ratcliffe and his wife, Michele, reside with their two daughters in Heath, Texas.[10]

See also

  • Final Report of the Task Force on Combating Terrorist and Foreign Fighter Travel

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.beaumontenterprise.com/jasper/article/Ratcliffe-assumes-role-as-lead-law-enforcement-769390.php |title=Ratcliffe assumes role as lead law enforcement officer for East Texas |accessdate=June 15, 2018}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.cornyn.senate.gov/content/senate-confirms-becky-gregory-new-us-attorney-eastern-district-texas |title=Senate Confirms Becky Gregory As New U.S. Attorney For Eastern District Of Texas |date=April 29, 2008|accessdate=June 15, 2018}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.heathtx.com:80/elecoff.htm |title=Elected Officials |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040430100311/http://www.heathtx.com:80/elecoff.htm |archive-date=April 30, 2004 |accessdate=June 14, 2018}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.rockwallheraldbanner.com/news/local_news/new-officials-take-command-of-heath-council/article_01247e2b-e535-5b69-aff8-8acfbd21a041.html |title=New officials take command of Heath council |author=Justin Cheatham |accessdate=June 15, 2018}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.texasbar.com/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Find_A_Lawyer&template=/Customsource/MemberDirectory/MemberDirectoryDetail.cfm&ContactID=183759 |title=State Bar of Texas - Find A Lawyer: John Lee Ratcliffe |website=www.texasbar.com |accessdate=December 19, 2017}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2014/05/27/rep-ralph-hall-defeated-by-john-ratcliffe/|title=Rep. Ralph Hall defeated by John Ratcliffe|first=Ed|last=O'Keefe|date=May 27, 2014|accessdate=December 19, 2017 |via=www.washingtonpost.com}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/election-results/texas-4th-congressional-district/|title=Rep. John Ratcliffe wins Texas's 4th Congressional District seat|website=Washington Post}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://heritageactionscorecard.com/|title=Heritage Scorecard|date=December 24, 2016|publisher=Heritage Action for America|accessdate=December 24, 2016}}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://ratcliffeforcongress.com/johns-story/ |title=John's Story |publisher=Ratcliffe for Congress |accessdate=May 28, 2014}}
10. ^1 {{cite web|title=Biography|url=https://ratcliffe.house.gov/about/full-biography |website=Congressman John Ratcliffe|accessdate=January 26, 2018|language=en}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=https://ratcliffe.house.gov/about/full-biography|title=Biography|date=December 11, 2012|publisher=}}
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ashcroftgroupllc.com/ourteam/john-ratcliffe/ |title=John Ratcliffe |publisher=The Ashcroft Group |accessdate=May 28, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529085010/http://www.ashcroftgroupllc.com/ourteam/john-ratcliffe/ |archivedate=May 29, 2014}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/local-politics/2014/04/04/john-ratcliffe-touts-time-as-u.s.-attorney-in-run-against-u.s.-rep.-ralph-hall |title=John Ratcliffe touts time as U.S. attorney in run against U.S. Rep. Ralph Hall | Local Politics |publisher=Dallas News |date= |accessdate=2018-11-17}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/politics/2013/12/09/ex-us-attorney-john-ratcliffe-files-against-ralph-hall-2|title=Ex-US Attorney John Ratcliffe files against Ralph Hall|date=December 9, 2013|publisher=}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://ashcroftlawfirm.com/wp-content/themes/theme50494/Team%20Bios/John_Ratcliffe.pdf |title=Bio |website=ashcroftlawfirm.com |format=PDF}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.law.com/texaslawyer/almID/1202430175523/?slreturn=20181014144813|title=Four Former U.S. Attorneys Join Ashcroft Law Firm - Texas Lawyer|publisher=}}
17. ^{{cite web|last=O'Keefe |first=Ed |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2014/05/27/rep-ralph-hall-defeated-by-john-ratcliffe/ |title=Rep. Ralph Hall defeated by John Ratcliffe |publisher=Washington Post |date=May 27, 2014 |accessdate=May 28, 2014}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Romney-Readiness-Project-Retrospective-Lessons/dp/0615799868|title=Romney Readiness Project: Retrospective & Lessons Learned|first1=Christopher|last1=Liddell|first2=Daniel|last2=Kroese|first3=Clark|last3=Campbell|date=May 1, 2013|publisher=R2P Inc.|via=Amazon}}
19. ^{{cite web|last=Gillman |first=Todd |url=http://trailblazersblog.dallasnews.com/2013/12/ex-us-attorney-john-ratcliffe-files-against-ralph-hall-2.html/ |title=Ex-US Attorney John Ratcliffe files against Ralph Hall |publisher=Dallas Morning News|date=December 9, 2013 |accessdate=December 9, 2013}}
20. ^{{cite news|title=Editorial: We recommend Ratcliffe in the 4th Congressional District's GOP primary |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/20140122-editorial-we-recommend-ratcliffe-in-the-4th-congressional-districts-gop-primary.ece|accessdate=August 25, 2014|publisher=Dallas Morning News|date=January 22, 2014}}
21. ^{{cite web|last=DelReal |first=Jose |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/05/ralph-hall-loses-texas-gop-runoff-107144.html |title=Ralph Hall loses Texas GOP runoff |publisher=Politico |date=May 27, 2014 |accessdate=May 28, 2014}}
22. ^{{cite web|last=Kecseg |first=Ross |url=https://www.empowertexans.com/features/ralph-hall-makes-history-will-texans-take-notice/ |title=Ralph Hall Makes History…Will Texans Take Notice? |publisher=Empower Texans |date=May 29, 2014 |accessdate=May 29, 2014}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.news-journal.com/news/county/gregg/report-u-s-rep-john-ratcliffe-of-texas-among-possible/article_e9ade44a-e5ff-11e8-9803-e3df5081c669.html|title=Report: U.S. Rep. John Ratcliffe of Texas among possible AG candidates|first=From staff and wire|last=reports|publisher=}}
24. ^Ratcliffe [https://ratcliffe.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/ratcliffe-named-task-force-combating-terrorist-and-foreign-fighter Named to Task Force On Terrorist and Foreign Fighter Travel], Press Release, ratcliffe.house.gov
25. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/20160122-editorial-we-recommend-john-ratcliffe-in-gop-race-for-4th-congressional-district.ece |title=Editorial: We recommend John Ratcliffe in GOP race for 4th Congressional District |publisher=Dallas News|accessdate=April 12, 2016}}
26. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/09/11/new-pressure-on-comey-to-return-to-capitol-hill-as-white-house-accuses-him-false-testimony.html |title=New Pressure on Comey to Return to Capitol Hill |publisher=Fox News|accessdate=September 25, 2017}}
27. ^{{cite web|title=Member List |url=https://rsc-walker.house.gov/ |publisher=Republican Study Committee|accessdate=January 2, 2018}}
28. ^{{cite web |title=Members|url=http://www.ng911institute.org/about-the-congressional-nextgen-9-1-1-caucus |publisher=Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus|accessdate=June 14, 2018}}
29. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/justice-department/ratcliffe-gowdy-join-list-potential-attorney-general-picks-n934616 |title=Ratcliffe, Gowdy join list of potential attorney general picks|last=NBC News|first=Leigh Ann Caldwell and Julia Ainsley|work=NBC News|access-date=2018-11-15}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.texastribune.org/2018/11/11/john-ratcliffe-texas-possible-ag-candidate/|title=Report: U.S. Rep. John Ratcliffe of Texas among possible AG candidates|first=The Texas|last=Tribune|date=November 11, 2018|publisher=}}
31. ^{{cite web|last1=Blake|first1=Aaron |title=Coffman, Gardner join Republicans against President Trump's travel ban; here's where the rest stand |url=https://www.denverpost.com/2017/01/29/republicans-on-trump-travel-ban/ |website=Denver Post|accessdate=January 30, 2017}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/1616/text|title=Text - H.R.1616 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): Strengthening State and Local Cyber Crime Fighting Act of 2017|first=John|last=Ratcliffe|date=November 2, 2017|publisher=}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/5877?r=2|title=H.R.5877 - 114th Congress (2015-2016): United States-Israel Advanced Research Partnership Act of 2016|first=Ratcliffe,|last=John|date=December 16, 2016|website=www.congress.gov}}
34. ^{{Cite news |url=https://homelandprepnews.com/stories/21504-ratcliffe-chairs-hearing-dhs-private-sector-partnerships-cybersecurity/ |title=Ratcliffe chairs hearing on DHS-private sector partnerships on cybersecurity|date=March 14, 2017|work=Homeland Preparedness News|access-date=March 15, 2017}}
35. ^{{Cite news |url=https://energycommerce.house.gov/news/letter/letter-fcc-restoring-internet-freedom/|title=Letter to the FCC on Restoring Internet Freedom|date=December 13, 2017 |work=Energy and Commerce Committee|access-date=December 14, 2017}}

External links

  • [https://ratcliffe.house.gov/ Congressman Ratcliffe] official US House website
  • John Ratcliffe for Congress
  • {{DMOZ|Regional/North_America/United_States/Texas/Government/Federal/US_House_of_Representatives/John_Ratcliffe_%5BR-4%5D|John Ratcliffe}}
  • {{CongLinks | congbio=R000601 | votesmart=147381 | fec=H4TX04153 | congress=john-ratcliffe/R000601 }}
  • {{C-SPAN|johnratcliffe}}
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|years = 2015–present
|state = Texas
|district = 4}}
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16 : 1965 births|21st-century American politicians|American Roman Catholics|Catholics from Illinois|Catholics from Texas|Dedman School of Law alumni|Living people|Mayors of places in Texas|Members of the United States House of Representatives from Texas|People from Heath, Texas|People from Mount Prospect, Illinois|Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives|Texas lawyers|Texas Republicans|United States Attorneys for the Eastern District of Texas|University of Notre Dame alumni
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