| 词条 | Saltator |
| 释义 |
| name = Saltator | image = Saltator coerulescens - Greyish Saltator.JPG | image_caption = Greyish saltator Saltator coerulescens | taxon = Saltator | authority = Vieillot, 1816 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = Presently some 15, but see text. }}Saltator is a genus of songbirds of the Americas. They are traditionally placed in the cardinal family (Cardinalidae) but now seem to be closer to tanagers (Thraupidae). Their English name is also saltator, except for two dark species known by the more general grosbeak.[1] TaxonomyThe genus was introduced by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot in 1816 with the buff-throated saltator as the type species.[2][3] The name is from the Latin saltator, saltatoris "dancer".[4] The saltators as traditionally defined are apparently neither monophyletic nor allied with the cardinals. As already noted over 100 years ago,[5] they are a morphologically diverse group, encompassing generally robust and fairly drab nine-primaried oscines. The different species may appear more similar to grosbeaks, tanagers or even shrikes than to cardinals, and the patterns of their eggs are also conspicuously diverse.[6] Altogether, the "genus" seems more like an assemblage of species brought together largely by seeming even less close to other groups than to each other, rather than by a very close relationship.[7] More extreme cases of adaptive radiation exist in birds, but this process hardly ever occurs outside island groups like Hawaiian honeycreepers, vangas, Malagasy warblers or the famous Galápagos finches.{{clarify|date=December 2010}} The latest comprehensive analysis of the genus was a 1977 study[7] which today would not be accepted whole-cloth because it followed the phenetic methodology then in vogue but now considered outdated. Even in that study the case for Saltator monophyly was weak. Where Saltator species have been included in cladistic studies[8] they appear to be related to various tanagers. If this is verified after a more thorough study, they would probably be transferred to this family. Preliminary work[9] seems to support this, but for now they are best considered incertae sedis. SpeciesThe genus contains 15 species:[10]
Footnotes1. ^Recommended English Names, p. 211. 2. ^{{cite book | last=Vieillot | first=Louis Jean Pierre | author-link=Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot | title=Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Elementaire | publisher=Deterville/self | year=1816 | location=Paris | page=32 | language=French| url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f38.image }} 3. ^{{ cite book | editor-last=Paynter | editor-first=Raymond A. Jr | year=1970 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World | volume=Volume 13 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=228 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14483463 }} 4. ^{{cite web | last=Jobling | first=J.A. | year=2018 | title= Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Sargatal | editor3-first=J. | editor4-last=Christie | editor4-first=D.A. | editor5-last=de Juana | editor5-first=E. | work=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive | publisher=Lynx Edicions | url=https://www.hbw.com/dictionary/key-to-scientific-names-in-ornithology?name=SALTATOR | accessdate=2 April 2018 }} 5. ^Ridgway (1901) 6. ^Echeverry-Galvis & Córdoba-Córdoba (2006) 7. ^1 Hellack & Schnell (1977) 8. ^Klicka et al. (2000), Ericson & Johansson (2003) 9. ^Klicka et al. (2004) 10. ^{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2018 | title=Tanagers and allies | work=World Bird List Version 8.1 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/tanagers/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=2 April 2018 }} References{{refbegin}}
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2 : Saltator|Bird genera |
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