“Salt-N-Pepa”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Salt-N-Pepa have sold 15 million records worldwide,^[6] making them one of the best-selling female rap acts of all time. The group received the 1995 Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group, making them one of the first female rap acts to win a Grammy Award along with Queen Latifah who won in the same year.^[7] Their success in rap and hip-hop culture has earned them the honorific title "The First Ladies of Rap and Hip Hop".^[8]

History

1985–1987: Formation and early years

In mid-1985, Brooklyn native Cheryl James met Jamaican-born Queens resident Sandra Denton, both studying nursing at Queensborough Community College. The pair became close friends and co–workers at Sears. Another co-worker Hurby "Luv Bug" Azor was studying record production at the Center of Media Arts and asked James and Denton to record for him as a class project.^[9] This resulted in the single "The Showstoppa", an answer record to Doug E. Fresh's hit single "The Show"^[2] by the duo, who originally called themselves "Super Nature", along with DJ Latoya Hanson in late 1985. Produced by Azor, The single utilized a melody from the 1984 film Revenge of the Nerds. The finished recording garnered some airplay on a New York City rap radio program. The independent Pop Art Records gave it an official release, and "The Show Stoppa (Is Stupid Fresh)" became a modest R&B hit.^[2] The single reached No. 46 on the Billboard R&B chart. In September 1985, the group signed to Next Plateau Records, adopting the stage name Salt-N-Pepa and released their debut album Hot, Cool & Vicious in December 1986.

In 1987, the group recruited Deidra Roper, a 15-year-old high-school student DJ named "Spinderella" after the departure of Hanson. The group entered the music industry at a time when hip hop was believed to be a fad and major record companies were reluctant to sign hip hop artists.{{sfn|Elafros|2007|p=195}} Many early hip hop artists recorded for independent labels. Salt-N-Pepa made their impact on hip hop by being one of the first all-female rap groups. With lots of concerns about sexist lyrics and video clips that objectified women's bodies in hip hop, many feminists disliked rap and hip hop because of its bad portrayal of women. However, Salt-N-Pepa changed the look of hip hop. They were scantily clad in sexy clothing and were not afraid to talk about sex and their thoughts about men. Their song "Let's Talk About Sex" was a huge hit.^[10]

With the success of "The Show Stoppa," the group's name was changed to Salt-N-Pepa. The group changed their name because in "The Show Stoppa" they rap the lines "Right now I'm gonna show you how it's supposed to be 'Cause we, the Salt and Pepa MCs". This resulted in radio stations getting phone calls requesting "The Show Stoppa" by Salt & Pepper. They signed to the independent Next Plateau Records to record a full-length album.^[2] The group's first album Hot, Cool & Vicious was released in 1986 with the original DJ Latoya Hanson, who was later replaced by Roper as Spinderella.^[11]^[12] The album was produced by Hurby Azor, Salt's boyfriend at the time and also the group's manager.^[2] Years later, the women would have legal issues with Azor as they accused him of paying unfair royalties. Hot, Cool & Vicious provided some moderate R&B hits with the singles "My Mic Sound Nice", "Tramp", and "Chick On The Side". But when San Francisco DJ and producer Cameron Paul created a remix to "Push It", the B-side of the "Tramp" single, it gave the group their first major hit.^[2] "Push It" (US #19, UK #2) became a platinum single in the United States, and a hit in several other countries, and was added to subsequent pressings of Hot, Cool & Vicious. It was nominated for a Grammy Award, and the strength of that single catapulted the album to platinum sales in the US with over one million copies sold, making Denton, James, and Roper the first female rap act to go platinum.^[13] The album ultimately sold 1.4 million copies worldwide.^[14]

1988–1991: A Salt with a Deadly Pepa and breakthrough

Salt-N-Pepa's next album release, 1988's A Salt with a Deadly Pepa, contained the Top Ten R&B hit "Shake Your Thang", featuring the go-go band E.U. A top 20 R&B hit and a minor pop hit were seen in "Get Up Everybody (Get Up)" and "Twist and Shout", respectively; with "Twist and Shout" becoming a major hit in the UK (#4),^[15] and several other European countries. The album became certified gold-status, for excess sales of 600,000 copies sold in the U.S. and a total of 800,000 copies sold internationally.^[14]

The group's third album Blacks' Magic was released in March 1990. Pepa would become the first group member to become pregnant. Azor would produce some songs on the album. As he was producing other acts, he agreed to let the artists work with different producers to finish the album. James and Roper took on producing assignments themselves and the trio also hired different producers such as Invincible's producer Dana Mozie. This was the first album to feature Roper on vocals as well as DJ'ing. The result was six singles released by Next Plateau Records, several of which became hits: "Expression" (US #26, UK #40 in 1990, UK #23 in 1992), a platinum single that had been certified gold before it even cracked the US Hot 100 as it had already been #1 on the R&B Chart for 8 weeks, and produced by Salt; "Independent"; "I Don't Know" (featuring Kid N Play); "Do You Want Me" (US #21, UK #5), certified gold; "Let's Talk About Sex" (US #13, UK #2), certified gold, and later re-recorded as "Let's Talk About Aids"; and "You Showed Me" (UK #15). The album ultimately sold 1.6 million copies worldwide with a million of those sold in the US.{{citation needed|date=July 2010}} A greatest hits album called A Blitz of Salt-N-Pepa Hits, featuring some remixed versions of songs from the group's first three albums was subsequently released.

1993–1995: Groundbreaking success, Very Necessary

Salt-N-Pepa's fourth studio album Very Necessary was released in October 1993 on London Records/Polygram.^[15] The album featured songwriting and production by Salt, Pepa, Spinderella, and Azor. Buoyed by the hits "Shoop" (US #4, UK #13), co-produced by Pepa; "Whatta Man" (US #3, UK #7) (featuring En Vogue); and "None of Your Business", a Top 40 US hit and a Top 20 UK hit, the album eventually sold seven million worldwide, with five million of those in the US (5x platinum), making them the first female rap act (solo or group) to have a multi-platinum selling album. The group toured and Salt went on to co-star in the motion picture comedy Who's the Man?. Pepa co-starred in the movie Joe's Apartment. Pepa had also been romantically involved with Treach of the rap group Naughty By Nature. The trio won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group in 1995 for the single "None of Your Business",^[16] making them the first female rap act to win Grammy. The album is the best selling album by a female rap act.^[4]

1996–2002: Brand New and hiatus

By the time of their next album release, Salt-N-Pepa had gone through the legal process of completely breaking away from Azor, whom they accused of unfair royalty payments. Salt had already stopped being romantically involved with him due to their many ups-and-downs. The trio also left London Records after one album and signed with Red Ant Records, though still distributed by Polygram Records through its Island Records label. Red Ant offered the trio a $15 million signing bonus to sign with them. The group undertook production duties once again, but without Azor involved in any part of the album. The result was their fifth album, Brand New (1997), which hit stores a few months later. However, Red Ant filed for bankruptcy soon afterwards, halting promotion on all its releases, including Salt-N-Pepa's album. The group toured in support of the album, but without any promotion or marketing from the now-defunct Red Ant, they only scored minor hits with "R U Ready" and "Gitty Up". The album was certified gold in the US for sales of over 500,000 and sold approximately another 200,000 worldwide. Although not as big a seller as its predecessor, it kept intact an unbroken string of platinum and gold studio albums by the trio.

In March 1999, Salt-N-Pepa embarked on a tour. Pepa married Treach of Naughty by Nature on July 27. Salt-N-Pepa's greatest-hits album, entitled The Best of Salt-N-Pepa, was released in Europe on January 25, 2000. Pepa and Treach would remain married for two years but their tumultuous marriage would end in divorce on July 31, 2001. With no albums contractually due at the time, Salt decided to quit the group, stating she had enough of the music industry and no longer wanted to be involved in it. They officially disbanded in 2002. Some time later, Salt announced that she would be releasing her first solo album, but subsequently did not release the album. She was featured on the remix version of the Salt City Six's "Shine", on the album Holy South Worldwide, a compilation of Christian rap and Christian R&P (Rhythm & Praise) songs. The album was executive produced by ex-Three 6 Mafia member-turned-Christian rapper Mr. Del. Salt also revealed in later interviews{{citation needed|date=August 2014}} that she had suffered from bulimia "many years ago". Pepa appeared on the fifth season of VH-1's The Surreal Life. Spinderella became a radio personality on KKBT 100.3 in Los Angeles, California. She hosted The Backspin (with DJ Mo'Dav), a nationally syndicated weekly radio show featuring old school hip hop music. She also periodically DJs at various clubs.

2005–present: Reunion

Both Salt and Pepa appeared on VH-1's Hip Hop Honors in September 2005, as the trio were honorees. All three women reunited the following year for the next Hip Hop Honors program and performed "Whatta Man" with En Vogue. It was the trio's first performance in six years, and was their first ever performance of "Whatta Man" with En Vogue on stage.^[17] Salt-N-Pepa reformed in 2007. All three women now have children. Spinderella has a daughter with former NBA player Kenny Anderson. Her daughter has appeared on MTV's My Super Sweet Sixteen in 2008. Pepa has a son and a daughter. Salt has a daughter and a son.

On October 14, 2007, The Salt-n-Pepa Show debuted on VH1. Pepa initially started the formation of the series as she had previously appeared on the network in The Surreal Life. The Salt-n-Pepa Show chronicled events in the lives of Pepa and Salt as they work out past issues and return to the recording studio. Spinderella has been featured in several episodes. Later in 2008, the trio performed with MC Lyte, Yo-Yo, and Lady of Rage at the BET Hip Hop Awards. Pepa released an autobiography entitled Let's Talk About Pep in August 2008. The book was co-written by author Karen Hunter and offers a glimpse behind the fame, family, failures, and successes of Pepa's life, as well as being a member of one of hip-hop's most successful acts. It features an introduction by Queen Latifah, and an epilogue by Missy Elliott. To accompany the book, she also launched her own social network for her fans and also starred in the reality TV series Let's Talk About Pep on the VH-1 network.

On May 9, 2009 Salt-N-Pepa performed a concert in Honolulu, Hawaii along with SWV and Lisa Lisa. The name of the show was "Ladies of the 80s". They performed at the Good Vibrations Festival in Australia in February 2010,^[18] and the South West Four Festival, Clapham Common, London on August 29, 2010.^[19] On October 12, 2010, Salt-N-Pepa received the I Am Hip Hop Award at the BET Hip Hop Awards.

On February 4, 2011, Salt N Pepa headed out on a national tour entitled Salt N Pepa's Legends of Hip Hop Tour.^[20] Other acts on the tour included: Whodini, Rob Base, Kurtis Blow, Doug E Fresh, Biz Markie, Naughty By Nature, MC Lyte, Big Daddy Kane, Kool Moe Dee, Slick Rick and Chubb Rock. On November 21, 2011, Salt-N-Pepa appeared on The X-Factor Australia's third season with contestant and finalist Johnny Ruffo. They performed "Push It". On July 30, 2012, Salt-N-Pepa opened up for rap group Public Enemy in Brooklyn, New York, as part of the Martin Luther King Jr. Concert Series. They brought out rap duo Kid N Play after performing "Whatta Man".

The trio made a November 2014 appearance in a Geico insurance commercial performing "Push It".^[21] DJ Spinderella replaced temporary DJ Wendy Williams (The Wendy Williams Show) during Salt-N-Pepa's performance of "Push It", first airing December 18, 2015. The trio's hit song "Shoop" made a comeback on February 12, 2016, as one of the main theme songs featured in the blockbuster Marvel movie Deadpool. ^[22] The duo, along with DJ Spinderella performed in Red Deer, Alberta (Canada) for Westerner Days at the Enmax Centrium on July 21, 2016.^[23]^[24]

In 2017–2018, the group toured as part of the "I Love The 90's" tour performing in various locations around the world including in the UK Wembley Arena, Glasgow SSE, Liverpool Echo Arena and Birmingham, and next in January 2018 they are due to embark on the Trip-Hop cruise from Miami in association with the I Love The 90's tour. Fans who bought Salt-n-Pepa T-shirts at the tour were able to join the trio on stage to dance to Girl's Just Wanna Have Fun or Whatta Man, whilst the tour also featured a special edition Push It jacket which if purchased would get 4 people back stage to meet the group. On October 16, 2018, they appeared on the US version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, with Kid N Play serving as their "plus one" in studio lifeline.

Discography

Awards and nominations

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|title="Ladies First": Queen Latifah's Afrocentric Feminist Music Video|url=http://www.public.asu.edu/~kleong/queenlatifahfeminism.pdf|work=African American Review|accessdate=17 June 2013}}
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite book|first=Martin C.|last=Strong|year=2000|title=The Great Rock Discography|edition=5th|publisher=Mojo Books|location=Edinburgh|pages=842–843|isbn=1-84195-017-3}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g1H2v42-VXQC&pg=PA64&lpg=PA64&dq=Pamela+Greene+salt+n+pepa&source=bl&ots=NFhcS8vdd9&sig=ST7WTm4NU3J45BgClgFepXrtw0E&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjknZig3ufXAhWl8YMKHenxCBAQ6AEIUzAK#v=onepage&q=Pamela%20Greene%20salt%20n%20pepa&f=false |title=Scars of the Soul Are Why Kids Wear Bandages When They Don't Have Bruises |author= |date=2000 |website= Google Books|publisher= Akashic Books |access-date=November 30, 2017 |quote=}}
4. ^¹²[https://medium.com/micro-chop/salt-n-pepa-outsold-wu-tang-so-why-dont-we-talk-about-them-more-f56acf765128 Salt-N-Pepa Outsold Wu-Tang, So Why Don’t We Talk About Them More?]. Medium. Retrieved on February 28, 2019
5. ^[https://www.complex.com/music/2013/05/the-50-best-selling-rap-albums/beastie-boys-hello-nasty The 50 Best Selling Rap Albums of All Time]. Complex. Retrieved on February 28, 2019
6. ^Salt N Pepa Announce Australian Tour. Beat Magazine. Retrieved on February 28, 2019
7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/1995/grammys.htm|title=Rock On The Net: 37th Annual Grammy Awards - 1995|website=www.rockonthenet.com|access-date=2017-04-06}}
8. ^First Ladies Of Rap: Salt-N-Pepa. Source Magazine. Retrieved on February 28, 2019
9. ^{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dYFv3ifE0f4C&pg=PA297&lpg=PA297&dq=Pamela+Greene+salt+n+pepa&source=bl&ots=poBBM5pLuE&sig=ZmFIM9U27Lck2Y-tETEr_qynAk4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjknZig3ufXAhWl8YMKHenxCBAQ6AEIXzAN#v=onepage&q=Pamela%20Greene%20salt%20n%20pepa&f=false |title=Big Bang, Baby: Rock Trivia |author= |date=2000 |website= Google Books |publisher=Dundurn|access-date=November 30, 2017 |quote=}}
10. ^{{cite book|last=White, Bay, Martin Jr.|first=Deborah, Mia, Waldo E.|title=Freedom on My Mind: a History of African Americans with Documents|date=2013|publisher=Bedford St. Martins|pages=767}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.westword.com/1999-04-01/music/seasoned-performers/|title=Seasoned Performers|author=Roberts, Michael|publisher=Denver Westword|date=1999-04-01|accessdate=October 2, 2007}}
12. ^{{cite book|last=Appiah|first=Kwame Anthony|authorlink=Kwame Anthony Appiah|author2=Henry Louis Gates, Jr. |title=Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience|publisher=Basic Civitas Books|year=1999|page=1661|isbn=0-465-00071-1}}
13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/salt-n-pepa-our-life-in-15-songs-w500728/push-it-1987-w500791| title=Salt-N-Pepa: Our Life in 15 Songs|publisher=Rolling Stone|language=en-US|access-date=February 22, 2018}}
14. ^¹{{Cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?share=4686| title=Gold and Platinum certifications earned by Salt 'n' Pepa|publisher=RIAA|language=en-US|access-date=February 1, 2017}}
15. ^¹{{cite book|first=David|last=Roberts|year=2006|title=British Hit Singles & Albums|edition=19th|publisher=Guinness World Records Limited|location=London|isbn=1-904994-10-5|page=480}}
16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/1995/grammys.htm|title=Rock On The Net: 37th Annual Grammy Awards - 1995|website=www.rockonthenet.com|access-date=2017-04-06}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aetv.com/private-sessions/video/index.jsp?bcpid=60599026001&bclid=24781218001&bctid=24918906001%7ctitle=aetv.com|title=Watch A&E Full Episodes & Videos Online - A&E|work=aetv}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.goodvibrationsfestival.com.au/Sydney/Artists/SALTNPEPA|title=SALT-N-PEPA - Good Vibrations|accessdate=January 20, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091123145354/http://www.goodvibrationsfestival.com.au/Sydney/Artists/SALTNPEPA|archivedate=November 23, 2009|df=}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.southwestfour.com/artists1.aspx|title=SALT-N-PEPA - South West Four Festival August 2010|accessdate=May 28, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526201220/http://www.southwestfour.com/artists1.aspx|archivedate=May 26, 2010|df=}}
20. ^Salt n Pepa's Legends of Hip Hop Tour Official Site - Home. Hiphoplegends.com. Retrieved on April 24, 2012.
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/news/salt-n-pepa-perform-push-it-for-hilarious-new-geico-commercial-clip-20142611|title=Salt-N-Pepa Perform "Push It" for Hilarious New Geico Commercial: Clip - Us Weekly|date=November 26, 2014|work=usmagazine.com}}
22. ^{{cite web|last1=Polowy|first1=Kevin|title=Salt-N-Pepa Explain How Their '90s Jam 'Shoop' Became Deadpool's Anthem| url=https://www.yahoo.com/movies/salt-n-pepa-explain-how-their-90s-jam-shoop-154958108.html|website=Yahoo! Movies| accessdate=April 18, 2017|ref=deadpool}}
23. ^{{cite web|title=Entertainment|url=http://www.westernerdays.ca/entertainment/view/salt-n-pepa|website=Westerner Days Fair & Exposition|accessdate=April 18, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817023610/http://www.westernerdays.ca/entertainment/view/salt-n-pepa|archivedate=August 17, 2016}}
24. ^{{cite web|title=Westerner Days on Twitter|url=https://twitter.com/WesternerDays/status/756252475955511296|accessdate=April 18, 2017|language=en|date=July 21, 2016|quote=We're pumped for Salt-N-Pepa tonight on the TD Main Stage…}}

History

1985–1987: Formation and early years

1988–1991: A Salt with a Deadly Pepa and breakthrough

1993–1995: Groundbreaking success, Very Necessary

1996–2002: Brand New and hiatus

2005–present: Reunion

Discography

Awards and nominations

See also

References

External links