| 词条 | Jonathan Ashmore |
| 释义 |
| name = Jonathan Ashmore | birth_name = Jonathan Felix Ashmore | image = File:Professor_Jonathan_Ashmore.jpg | image_size = | image_upright = | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS|FMedSci|FRSB}} | alt = | caption = Jonathan Ashmore at the Royal Society in 2017 | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1948}} | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | other_names = | pronounce = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = | fields = Hearing[1][2] Biophysics[3] | workplaces = University College London University of Bristol International Centre for Theoretical Physics | patrons = | education = Westminster School[4] | alma_mater = University of Sussex (BSc) Imperial College London (PhD) University College London (MSc)[5] | thesis_title = Aspects of quantum field theory | thesis_url = http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.623991 | thesis_year = 1972 | doctoral_advisor = Tom Kibble[6] | academic_advisors = {{Plainlist|
| doctoral_students = Dan Jagger[5] | notable_students = | known_for = | influences = Anne Warner[6] | influenced = | awards = Croonian Lecture {{small|(2017)}}[11] | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | spouse = | partner = | children = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = {{URL|http://inner-ear.org}} | footnotes = }}Jonathan Felix Ashmore {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS|FMedSci|FRSB}} (born 1948)[4] is a British physicist and Bernard Katz Professor of Biophysics at University College London.[7] EducationAshmore was educated at Westminster School[8] as a Queen's Scholar. He studied mathematics and physics at the University of Sussex[9] followed by a PhD in theoretical physics in 1971 supervised by Tom Kibble at Imperial College London where his research investigated quantum field theory.[10] Career and researchAfter a short postdoctoral research fellowship supervised by Abdus Salam[4] at the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy he retrained as a physiologist at UCL, gaining a Master of Science degree in 1974[9] which led to work with Paul Fatt and Gertrude Falk[11] between 1974 and 1977 in the Biophysics Department. Ashmore was appointed a Lecturer in Physiology at the University of Bristol in 1983 an promoted to Reader in 1988, before moving back to UCL in 1993.[4][9] Ashmore has worked on dissecting the cellular mechanisms of hearing by studying the organ of Corti in the mammalian cochlea[12] especially the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus).[13][14] This structure in the inner ear increases the selectivity and sensitivity of our hearing through an in-built cochlear amplifier.[25] He showed that specialised cells known as outer hair cells are responsible for this unique function.[25][15][16] In response to sound, outer hair cells lengthen then shorten through a process controlled and powered by the flow of electrically charged molecules such as potassium ions.[17] This contraction propagates and amplifies sound, and he was the first to capture it on film during his Rock Around the Clock Hair Cell video.[7][25] His work has combined biophysical methods – including the patch clamp technique usually applied to membrane proteins – with confocal microscopy imaging and computational modelling to expand our knowledge of hearing at the molecular and cellular level. His findings are helping to unravel the nature and origins of hearing-related conditions like deafness and tinnitus.[11][18] His research has been funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and the Medical Research Council (MRC)[19] and he has supervised several doctoral students to completion including Dan Jagger.[5] Awards and honoursAshmore was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1996[8] and gave their Croonian Lecture in 2017 on the neuroscience of deafness.[20] He is also an elected Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci), a Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology (FRSB)[8] and a member of both the Association for Research in Otolaryngology and The Biophysical Society.[39] Ashmore is Faculty of 1000 section head for Sensory Systems[21] and a trustee for the Hearing Research Trust.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}} He served as President of The Physiological Society from 2012 to 2014.[4] Personal lifeAshmore is the son of actor Peter Ashmore and actress Rosalie Crutchley. Aged seven, Ashmore played Joe in the 1955 film A Kid for Two Farthings, adapted from the novel by Wolf Mankowitz.[22] References1. ^{{Google scholar id}} {{CC-notice|cc=by4|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/jonathan-ashmore-11009/}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ashmore, Jonathan Felix}}2. ^{{Scopus id}} 3. ^{{EuropePMC|ORCID=0000-0001-6522-3692}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal|last1=Ashmore|first1=Jonathan Felix|authorlink=Jonathan Ashmore|title=Paul Fatt. 13 January 1924 – 28 September 2014|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|location=London|volume=62|year=2016|pages=167–186|issn=0080-4606|doi=10.1098/rsbm.2016.0005}} 5. ^1 {{cite thesis|degree=PhD|publisher=University of Bristol|title= Modulation of ion channels in outer hair cells from the mammalian cochlea|first= Daniel James|last=Jagger|date=1996|url=http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336876|website=ethos.bl.uk|oclc=931565011}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/jun/10/anne-warner|publisher=The Guardian|first=Jonathan|last=Ashmore|year=2012|website=theguardian.com|title=Anne Warner obituary}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/ear/research/pi/ashmorelab |title=Professor Jonathan Ashmore Lab Page |website=ucl.ac.uk|publisher=University College London |date=2017 |accessdate=2017-04-25|author=Anon|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426055617/https://www.ucl.ac.uk/ear/research/pi/ashmorelab|archivedate=2017-04-26}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 {{Who's Who | surname = ASHMORE | othernames = Prof. Jonathan Felix | id = U5847 | volume = 2017 | edition = online Oxford University Press|location=Oxford}} {{subscription required}} 9. ^1 2 3 {{ORCID|0000-0001-6522-3692}} 10. ^1 {{cite thesis|degree=PhD|publisher=University of London|title=Aspects of quantum field theory|first= Jonathan Felix|last=Ashmore|date=1972|url=http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.623991|website=ethos.bl.uk|oclc=930651621|hdl=10044/1/16203}} 11. ^{{cite web|author=Anon|year=2008|url=http://www.dcscience.net/Gertrude-Falk-obituary-PhysSoclb.pdf|title=Physiological Society obituary: Gertrude Falk 1925-2008|website=dcscienece.net}} 12. ^{{Cite journal|last=Housley|first=G. D.|last2=Ashmore|first2=J. F.|date=1991|title=Direct Measurement of the Action of Acetylcholine on Isolated Outer Hair Cells of the Guinea Pig Cochlea|url=|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences|language=en|volume=244|issue=1310|pages=161–167|doi=10.1098/rspb.1991.0065|issn=0962-8452|pmid=1679550|via=}} 13. ^{{Cite journal|last=Ashmore|first=J. F.|last2=Meech|first2=R. W.|date=1986|title=Ionic basis of membrane potential in outer hair cells of guinea pig cochlea|pmid= 2426595 |journal=Nature|language=en|volume=322|issue=6077|pages=368–371|doi=10.1038/322368a0}} {{closed access}} 14. ^{{Cite journal|last=Nobili|first=Renato|last2=Mammano|first2=Fabio|last3=Ashmore|first3=Jonathan|date=1998|title=How well do we understand the cochlea?|url=|journal=Trends in Neurosciences|volume=21|issue=4|pages=159–167|doi=10.1016/s0166-2236(97)01192-2|pmid=9554726}} {{closed access}} 15. ^{{Cite journal|last=Ashmore|first=Jonathan Felix|year=1987|title=A fast motile response in guinea-pig outer hair cells: the cellular basis of the cochlear amplifier|url=|journal=The Journal of Physiology|language=en|volume=388|issue=1|pages=323–347|doi=10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016617|issn=1469-7793|pmid=3656195 |pmc=1192551}} {{open access}} 16. ^{{Cite journal|last=Ashmore|first=Jonathan|date=2008|title=Cochlear Outer Hair Cell Motility|url=|journal=Physiological Reviews|language=en|volume=88|issue=1|pages=173–210|doi=10.1152/physrev.00044.2006|issn=0031-9333|pmid= 18195086}} {{open access}} 17. ^{{Cite journal|last=Housley|first=G D|last2=Ashmore|first2=J F|date=1992|title=Ionic currents of outer hair cells isolated from the guinea-pig cochlea.|pmid=1593487 |pmc=1176188|journal=The Journal of Physiology|language=en|volume=448|issue=1|pages=73–98|doi=10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019030|issn=1469-7793}} {{open access}} 18. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|author=Anon|year=1996|title=Professor Jonathan Ashmore FMedSci FRS|website=royalsociety.org|publisher=Royal Society|location=London|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117003552/https://royalsociety.org/people/jonathan-ashmore-11009/|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/jonathan-ashmore-11009/|archivedate=2015-11-17}} One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: {{quote|“All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.” --{{cite web |url=https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/ |title=Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies |accessdate=2016-03-09 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111170346/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/ |archivedate=2016-11-11 |df= }}}} 19. ^{{cite web|author=Anon|year=2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031131907/http://gtr.rcuk.ac.uk/person/4F167754-DA3F-476D-A1E3-06C3DF342BF3|archivedate=2017-10-31|url=http://gtr.rcuk.ac.uk/person/4F167754-DA3F-476D-A1E3-06C3DF342BF3|website=gtr.rcuk.ac.uk|location=Swindon|publisher=Research Councils UK|title=UK Government Grants awarded to Jonathan Ashmore}} 20. ^1 2 Ashmore, Jonathan (2017) {{YouTube|id=GiZRlJl1eVw|title=Now you hear it, now you don’t: the neuroscience of deafness}} 21. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://f1000.com/thefaculty/member/4033843402519366 |title=Jonathan Ashmore: Section Head in Sensory Systems - F1000Prime |website=F1000.com |author=Anon|year=2011 |accessdate=2017-04-25}} 22. ^{{IMDb name | 0039155 }} 9 : Living people|Academics of University College London|Academics of the University of Bristol|Alumni of Imperial College London|British physicists|Fellows of the Royal Society|Fellows of the Royal Society of Biology|Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences|1948 births |
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