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词条 Jonathan Pollak
释义

  1. Early life

  2. Activism

  3. References

Jonathan Pollak (born c. 1982) is an Israeli activist and graphic designer,[1] co-founder of the direct action group Anarchists Against the Wall.

Early life

Jonathan Pollak was born circa 1982 in Tel Aviv, Israel to actor Yossi Pollak and a psychologist named Tami.[2][3] He is of Ashkenazi Jewish descent.[4] His father is one of the artists who denied to perform in the West Bank, and his maternal grandfather, Nimrod Eshel, was jailed for leading a strike by seamen in the 1950s.[5] As a teenager, Pollak was involved in the Israeli hardcore punk scene, which in the 1990s was strongly tied to anarchism, and became a straight edge.[6] At the same time, Pollak became a vegan and an animal rights activist; years later he would state that "racism, chauvinism, sexism, speciesism all come from the same place of belittling the other".[5]

Jonathan Pollak is the brother of actor Avshalom Pollak and film director Shai Pollak.[1]

Activism

In 2003, Pollak co-founded the organization Anarchists Against the Wall, which protests the Israeli West Bank barrier.[6] He participated in protests in Budrus in 2003 and 2004.[7] In the mid-2000s, he joined protests against the barrier wall in Bil'in.[8]

Pollak was struck in the head by a tear gas canister fired by an Israeli soldier in April 2005, briefly losing consciousness and requiring stitches. He later accused Israeli forces of violating their regulations by deliberately firing the canister at him. An IDF spokesperson stated that the canister had first struck a rock and then hit Pollak on a ricochet.[9]

In October 2010, Pollak was fined $1,250 for participating in an illegal demonstration against the barrier; Palestinian activist Abdullah Abu Rahma was sentenced to a year in prison at the same hearing.[10] On 27 December 2010, he was sentenced to three months in prison for illegal assembly for having participated in a January 2008 bicycle ride protest. A prison term for illegal assembly was an unusually severe sentence, attributed by one official to three previous convictions of Pollak's on protest-related charges.[11] He declined an offer by the court to have his sentence commuted to a community service requirement. Pollak was released from prison in February 2011 after having his sentence reduced for good behavior, and returned to demonstrating at the Palestinian village of Nabi Salih within the week.[12]

After the death of Jawaher Abu Rahmah in January 2011, allegedly from tear gas, Pollak criticized Israel's use of the gas against Palestinians, stating, "This death was caused by the fact that they are using tear gas that was banned in Europe in the 60s and 70s, because it is lethal. But here, on Palestinians, they continue using it".[13] In May 2012, Pollak protested at the trial of Bassem al-Tamimi, a Nabi Saleh protest leader accused of organizing stone throwers and holding illegal demonstrations.[14] In December, Pollak criticized the Israel Defense Forces for shooting Mustafa Tamimi, a Nabi Saleh resident throwing stones at a military vehicle, in the face with a tear gas canister; Tamimi later died from his injuries.[15]

Pollak supports the international Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement against Israel in protest of occupation of Palestinian territories.[4] He has stated, "'Ni'lin, just like Soweto, needs the world to stand behind it and generate significant pressure. ... In Palestine, just as in South Africa, a strong BDS movement can make that change."[16] He has defended Palestinian stone throwing against the occupation as a moral act of self-empowerment.[3]

References

1. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.pressreader.com/israel/jerusalem-post/20090728/282694748163907|title=The colonization of the conflict |website=The Jerusalem Post|publicationdate= 28 July 2009|author=Seth J. Frantzman|publisher=PressReader|accessdate=23 March 2018}}
2. ^{{cite web|accessdate=23 March 2018|url=https://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2010/12/27/18667622.php|title=Jonathan Pollack given political conviction in Israel|publicationdate=27 December 2010 |website=San Francisco Bay Area Independent Media Center}}
3. ^1 {{cite book|first=Neve |last=Gordon|authorlink=Neve Gordon|chapter=Jonathan Pollack {{!}} An Anarchist 'Traitor' in His Own Society|editor-first1=Mark |editor-last1=LeVine|editor-first2=Gershon |editor-last2=Shafir |editor-link1=Mark LeVine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WOhmuwKNMk4C&printsec=frontcover|title=Struggle and Survival in Palestine/Israel|publisher=University of California Press|date=2012|pages=413-426; 424-435|accessdate=23 March 2018}}
4. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/interview-israeli-activist-jonathan-pollak/ |title=An Interview With Israeli Activist Jonathan Pollak |first=Rebecca |last=Vilkomerson |date=10 March 2011 |work=The Nation |accessdate=24 July 2016|archivedate= 2 May 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6GKBU8N0Z?url=http://www.thenation.com/article/159177/interview-israeli-activist-jonathan-pollak |deadurl=no |df= }}
5. ^1 {{cite web|accessdate=23 March 2018|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/jewish-activist-faces-jail-for-west-bank-resistance-2169876.html|title=Jewish activist faces jail for West Bank resistance|first=Donald |last=Macintyre |authorlink=Donald Macintyre (journalist)|publicationdate=27 December 2010 |website=The Independent}}
6. ^1 {{cite book| first = Gabriel| last = Kuhn| authorlink1 = Gabriel Kuhn| date = 2010| title = Sober Living for the Revolution: Hardcore Punk, Straight Edge, and Radical Politics| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Rp_tVcHOV0oC&printsec=frontcover| publisher = PM Press| location = Oakland| ISBN = 978-1-60486-051-1| accessdate = 23 March 2018| pages = 110-117}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/03/movies/03budrus.html?_r=0&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&pagewanted=all |title=To Take Up Arms or Not? A Film Joins the Debate |author=Ethan Bronner |date=1 October 2010 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=2 May 2013 |archivedate= 2 May 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6GKFaaR2z?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/03/movies/03budrus.html?_r=1 |deadurl=no |df= }}
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/04/AR2007090400948.html |title=Israeli Court Orders Rerouting of Barrier |author=Scott Wilson |date=5 September 2007 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=2 May 2013 |archivedate= 2 May 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6GKFnnLIl?url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/04/AR2007090400948.html |deadurl=no |df= }}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/fence-protester-hit-in-the-head-by-tear-gas-canister-1.155060 |title=Fence protester hit in the head by tear gas canister |author=Tamara Traubmann |date=5 April 2005 |work=Haaretz |accessdate=2 May 2013 |archivedate= 2 May 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6GKGP8Pt7?url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/fence-protester-hit-in-the-head-by-tear-gas-canister-1.155060 |deadurl=no |df= }}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2010/10/20101011153832505405.html |title=Israel jails Palestinian activist |date=11 October 2010 |publisher=Al Jazeera |accessdate=2 May 2013 |archivedate= 2 May 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6GKDgPpdu?url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2010/10/20101011153832505405.html |deadurl=no |df= }}
11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/27/israeli-activist-imprisoned-demonstration-gaza |title=Israeli activist imprisoned for protest against Gaza blockade |author=Ana Carbajosa |date=27 December 2010 |work=The Guardian |accessdate=2 May 2013 |archivedate= 2 May 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6GKBlcHhj?url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/dec/27/israeli-activist-imprisoned-demonstration-gaza |deadurl=no |df= }}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/father-of-arab-murdered-by-jewish-teens-joins-weekly-protest-1.345909 |title=Father of Arab murdered by Jewish teens joins weekly protest |author= |date=27 February 2011 |work=Haaretz |accessdate=2 May 2013 |archivedate= 2 May 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6GKDGmQjU?url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/father-of-arab-murdered-by-jewish-teens-joins-weekly-protest-1.345909 |deadurl=no |df= }}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/01/20111265223661981.html |title=Probe into Palestinian's gas death |date=2 January 2011 |publisher=Al Jazeera |accessdate=2 May 2013 |archivedate= 2 May 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6GKD5IDbm?url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/01/20111265223661981.html |deadurl=no |df= }}
14. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gar87dqIgfksqSyAmRUigZYru1jQ?docId=CNG.2fb50e36a68614c4405d2849d39d09d3.151 |title=West Bank activist Tamimi convicted of stoning charge |author=Steve Weizman |date=20 May 2012 |agency=Agence France-Presse |publisher=Google News |accessdate=20 May 2012}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/12/20111210124123427446.html |title=Palestinian protester dies of his wounds |date=10 December 2011 |publisher=Al Jazeera |accessdate=2 May 2013 |archivedate= 2 May 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6GKCYaHvr?url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/12/20111210124123427446.html |deadurl=no |df= }}
16. ^{{cite book |title=The Case for Sanctions Against Israel |editor=Audrea Lim| author=Jonathan Pollak |chapter=Ni'lin Like Soweto |year=2012 |publisher=Verso |location=London |isbn=978-1-84467-803-7 |page=15 |accessdate=16 September 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j4p_GxiuxC0C&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=ni'lin+like+soweto&source=bl&ots=fIOGnumQ-v&sig=W5tnQPem5TMz8ZWkAqrolucR61k&hl=en&sa=X&ei=DjTeT8aAI4mI8QTgsYndCg&ved=0CEcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=ni'lin%20like%20soweto&f=false}}
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6 : 1982 births|Israeli anarchists|Israeli activists|Israeli people of Ashkenazi descent|Living people|People who follow a straight edge lifestyle
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