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词条 Same-sex marriage in Finland
释义

  1. History

     Registered partnerships  Same-sex marriage  Parliamentary history  2007–2011 parliamentary term  2011–2015 parliamentary term  2015–2019 parliamentary term  Statistics  Public opinion  Regional significance 

  2. See also

  3. Notes

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2012}}{{Same-sex unions}}

Same-sex marriage in Finland has been legal since 1 March 2017. A bill for the legalisation of such marriages was approved by the Finnish Parliament on 12 December 2014 and signed by President Sauli Niinistö on 20 February 2015. The law took effect on 1 March 2017.

Previously, from 2002 until 2017, registered partnerships had been available for same-sex couples, which provided the same rights and responsibilities as marriage for opposite-sex couples, except e.g. adoption rights and the right to a joint last name.

History

Registered partnerships

{{Same-sex marriage map Europe|align=left|size=250px}}

Legislation introducing registered partnerships ({{lang-fi|rekisteröity parisuhde}}; {{lang-sv|registrerat partnerskap}}){{efn|{{lang-sme|registrerejuvvon párragaskavuohta}}; {{lang-smn|registeristum kyeimikoskâvuotâ}}}} for same-sex couples was passed by the Parliament on 28 September 2001 with a vote of 99–84.[1] The Act on Registered Partnerships went into effect on 1 March 2002. Registered partnerships, which were available only to same-sex couples, provided the same rights and responsibilities as marriage for opposite-sex couples, except in e.g. adoption rights and family names, and they were registered and dissolved using a procedure similar to that for civil marriage. The legislation also granted immigration rights to a foreign partner.[2]

In May 2009, the Parliament revised the act allowing couples to adopt the biological children of their partner.[3][4] On 1 March 2017, the law was repealed for the parts that dealt with entering into partnerships, therefore leaving the existing partnerships intact and leaving it up to the registered couples to convert their unions into marriages.[5][6]

Same-sex marriage

Parliamentary history

2007–2011 parliamentary term

A poll conducted by Christian newspaper Kotimaa reported in March 2010 that a narrow majority of Finnish MPs opposed same-sex marriage. Of the 126 MPs who were asked if they would support a gender-neutral marriage law, 46% were in favour and 54% were opposed. 63% of Social Democratic representatives supported same-sex marriage as well all MPs from the Greens and Left Alliance. Majorities of the Centre Party and National Coalition Party opposed same-sex marriage.[7][8]

However, a later survey in April 2010 by Helsingin Sanomat reported that there was cross-party support for same-sex marriage and joint adoption rights. Secretary of the National Coalition Party Taru Tujunen stated that an initiative would be put forward at the next party conference on gender-neutral marriage.[9][10] At the June 2010 party conference, the NCP delegates voted in favor of a gender-neutral marriage law, though the vice-chairman of NCP Parliament group Ben Zyskowicz did not believe a same-sex marriage bill would be approved by the NCP during the upcoming four years, basing his view on the fact that the majority of the NCP MPs were against it.[11][12] Two weeks earlier, the Social Democrats passed a measure in favor of same-sex marriage.[13] The Left Alliance and the Green League also support it.[14][15] Foreign Minister Alexander Stubb, who held a speech at the opening ceremony of Helsinki Pride week on 28 June 2010, said he supports a gender-neutral marriage law with full adoption rights for same-sex couples.[16]

On 2 July 2010, Minister of Justice Tuija Brax announced that the Ministry of Justice would be preparing a reform of the Marriage Act ({{lang-fi|Avioliittolaki}}; {{lang-sv|Äktenskapslag}}) in the autumn of 2011.[17] It was considered possible that same-sex marriage would be legalized after the 2011 parliamentary elections, where it was speculated to turn into a major theme,[18] though in the August 2010 survey, only 20% of the respondents said the issue should be a major theme.[19]

2011–2015 parliamentary term

According to the voting advice application of Helsingin Sanomat, 90 MPs of the 200-seat Parliament elected in April 2011 supported joint adoption for same-sex couples, while 93 MPs opposed it.[20] Upon joining the new Government in 2011, the Christian Democrats required assurances that no government bill would include same-sex marriage.[21] However, according to the Left Alliance, it was agreed upon during the talks on government formation that, if proposed as a members' initiative by individual MPs, such a bill could be endorsed by the remaining five parties in the Government: the National Coalition, the Social Democrats, the Left Alliance, the Green League and the Swedish People's Party.[22] The legislative proposal was presented as a members' initiative on 29 September 2011.[23][24][25]

On 21 March 2012, after five months of signature gathering among MPs, a bill to legalize same-sex marriage was submitted to Parliament. 76 out of the 199 voting MPs had signed their support for the draft bill, and several additional members were expected to vote for it, including Prime Minister Jyrki Katainen.[26][27][28] On 27 February 2013, the bill was voted down by the Legal Affairs Committee in a 9–8 vote.[29][30] After being turned down by the committee, a similar bill was put forward as a citizens' initiative, organised by the Tahdon2013 campaign ("I do 2013").[31] The campaign commenced to gather signatures on 19 March 2013,[29][32] and by the evening of the first day, the initiative had gathered over 90,000 online signatures, eventually reaching a total of 166,851. The required minimum for an initiative to be sent to Parliament is 50,000 signatures.[33][34]

Citizens' initiatives had only been possible in Finland since 2012.[35][36] Therefore, in March 2013, it was still unclear whether a citizens' initiative would be considered on equal footing with a government bill (hallituksen esitys), or a members' initiative (lakialoite).[37] Members' initiatives signed by at least 100 MPs are given precedence in legislative process, while initiatives with less signatures mostly expire at the end of the legislative session.[38][39]

In April 2013, the Speaker's Council of Parliament issued recommendations on how citizens' initiatives are to proceed in Parliament. All initiatives shall be sent to a committee chosen by the plenary session of Parliament. The committee should inform signatories of the initiative within six months on how the committee plans to handle the matter (e.g. by holding hearings of specialists), whether to recommend the initiative for a vote in the plenary session etc. The committee has full authority on the matter and works independently.

Signature collection for the same-sex marriage initiative ended after the standard six months period in September 2013 and the initiative was submitted to Parliament on 13 December 2013. In February 2014, the initiative was sent to the Legal Affairs Committee.[40][41][34][42][43] The committee unanimously voted to schedule a public hearing on the initiative for 13 March 2014.[44] After the public hearing, Yle reported that the initiative would be sent to the plenary session and not die in the committee.[45][46] On 25 June 2014, after multiple committee hearings with experts, the Legal Affairs Committee voted 10–6 against same-sex marriage. The vote would have been closer but two members in favour of same-sex marriage missed the vote and were replaced by one substitute member against it.[47][48]

On 20 November 2014, the committee voted 9–8 for recommending that the Parliament reject same-sex marriage.[49][50] In the bill's first reading on 28 November 2014, the full session of Parliament, by a vote of 92–105, did not accept that recommendation, thereby approving the amendments to the Marriage Act, removing references to the spouses as "men" and "women".[51][52] Due to the Parliament not accepting the recommendation, the Grand Committee continued consideration of the initiative on 3 December 2014, voting 17–8 in favour of approving the initiative.[53][54] The initiative was approved 101–90 by the full session in its second reading on 12 December and was signed by President Sauli Niinistö on 20 February 2015. Along with the final vote, Parliament also approved a statement requiring the next Government to draft necessary amendments to other relevant acts so that they would be consistent with the Marriage Act.[55][56][57][58][59] The amendments to the Marriage Act took effect on 1 March 2017.[60][61][62]

During 2014, thousands of Finns resigned from the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland due to comments made by church officials supporting the new legislation.[63]

12 December 2014 vote in the Parliament of Finland[64]
PartyYesNoAbstentionNot PresentTotals
#006288|border=darkgray}}26|align=right}}150344
#E11931|border=darkgray}}36|align=right}}30241
#FFDE55|border=darkgray}}135|align=right}}0137
#01954B|border=darkgray}}629|align=right}}1036
#BF1E24|border=darkgray}}12|align=right}}00012
a {{Color box>#FFDD93|border=darkgray}}9|align=right}}10010
#18359B|border=darkgray}}06|align=right}}006
#61BF1A|border=darkgray}}9|align=right}}00110
#B00913|border=darkgray}}2|align=right}}0002
#043836|border=darkgray}}01|align=right}}001
Totals101|align=right}}9017b199

a. The Swedish-speaking Finns' parliamentary group consists of nine Swedish People’s Party members and one Independent representing the Autonomous Region of Åland.

b. The Speaker votes only in unusual circumstances, though he or she continues to serve as one of the 200 members of Parliament.

2015–2019 parliamentary term

Following the elections of 19 April 2015, a new more conservative government was formed consisting of the Centre Party, the Finns Party and the National Coalition Party. Despite a majority of their MPs having voted against same-sex marriage, the Government was supposed to introduce amendments to other acts whose wordings still referred to a married couple as "man" and "woman". While the majority of the Finns Party were of the opinion that the amendments to the Marriage Act should be repealed, the other two parties generally disagreed. The opposition parties, with the exception of the Christian Democrats, were almost completely in favour of amending the other acts in order to harmonise them with the Marriage Act.[65]

On 22 October 2015, the Parliament started to debate legislation to amend other acts that still had specific references to opposite-sex couples. Minister of Justice Jari Lindström from the Finns Party, who introduced the bill, said he did that despite his personal opposition.[66][67] On 11 December 2015, the Legal Affairs Committee recommended the adoption of the bill with amendments.[68] The bill was approved by Parliament, in a 106-42 vote, on 17 February 2016.[69] It was signed by the President on 8 April 2016 and took effect on 1 March 2017, on the same day as the amendments to the Marriage Act. Among laws amended were the Act on Population Information System and the certicate services of the Population Register Centre (661/2009), the Act on Legal Recognition of the Gender of Transsexuals (563/2002) and the Religious Freedom Act (453/2003).[70][71][72]

17 February 2016 vote in the Parliament of Finland[73]
PartyVoted forVoted againstAbsent (Did Not Vote)
#01954B|border=darkgray}}{{collapsible list |style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |title= 221= Mikko Alatalo2= Anne Berner3= Hannakaisa Heikkinen4= Petri Honkonen5= Mikko Kärnä6= Elsi Katainen7= Timo Korhonen8= Hanna Kosonen9= Katri Kulmuni10= Mika Lintilä11= Aila Paloniemi12= Ulla Parviainen13= Tuomo Puumala14= Olli Rehn15= Juha Rehula16= Markku Rossi17= Annika Saarikko18= Juha Sipilä19= Kimmo Tiilikainen20= Ari Torniainen21= Matti Vanhanen22= Anu Vehviläinen
}}		title= 121= Sirkka-Liisa Anttila2= Lasse Hautala3= Hannu Hoskonen4= Seppo Kääriäinen5= Timo Kalli6= Esko Kiviranta7= Antti Kurvinen8= Mauri Pekkarinen9= Juha Pylväs10= Mikko Savola11= Martti Talja12= Tapani Tölli
}}		title= 151= Olavi Ala-Nissilä2= Pertti Hakanen3= Marisanna Jarva4= Kauko Juhantalo5= Antti Kaikkonen6= Anne Kalmari7= Niilo Keränen8= Jari Leppä9= Markus Lohi10= Eeva-Maria Maijala11= Markku Pakkanen12= Arto Pirttilahti13= Antti Rantakangas14= Mirja Vehkaperä15= Eerikki Viljanen
}}
#FFDE55|border=darkgray}}title= 31= Tiina Elovaara2= Arja Juvonen3= Ville Tavio
}}		{{collapsible list |title= 241= Juho Eerola2= Simon Elo3= Ritva Kike Elomaa4= Teuvo Hakkarainen5= Reijo Hongisto6= Laura Huhtasaari7= Olli Immonen8= Ari Kristian Jalonen9= Toimi Kankaanniemi10= Kimmo Kivelä11= Kari Kulmala12= Rami Lehto13= Jani Mäkelä14= Lea Mäkipää15= Leena Meri16= Martti Mölsä17= Mika Niikko18= Mika Raatikainen19= Jari Ronkainen20= Vesa-Matti Saarakkala21= Sami Savio22= Sampo Terho23= Kaj Turunen24= Ville Vähämäki
}}		title= 111= Jari Lindström2= Maria Lohelab3= Anne Louhelainen4= Hanna Mäntylä5= Pirkko Mattila6= Jussi Niinistö7= Pentti Oinonen8= Tom Packalén9= Veera Ruoho10= Timo Soini11= Maria Tolppanen
}}
#006288|border=darkgray}}{{collapsible list |title= 251= Markku Eestilä2= Sanni Grahn-Laasonen3= Antti Häkkänen4= Harry Harkimo5= Harri Jaskari6= Pauli Kiuru7= Jaana Laitinen-Pesola8= Sanna Lauslahti9= Elina Lepomäki10= Outi Mäkelä11= Sari Multala12= Kai Mykkänen13= Petteri Orpo14= Sari Raassina15= Pertti Salolainen16= Sari Sarkomaa17= Arto Satonen18= Alexander Stubb19= Eero Suutari20= Mari-Leena Talvitie21= Lenita Toivakka22= Kari Tolvanen23= Juhana Vartiainen24= Anne-Mari Virolainen25= Sinuhe Wallinheimo
}}		 –title= 121= Timo Heinonen2= Kalle Jokinen3= Ilkka Kanerva4= Jukka Kopra5= Susanna Koski6= Eero Lehti7= Jaana Pelkonen8= Paula Risikko9= Wille Rydman10= Saara-Sofia Sirén11= Sofia Vikman12= Ben Zyskowicz
}}
#E11931|border=darkgray}}{{collapsible list |title= 251= Eeva-Johanna Eloranta2= Maarit Feldt-Ranta3= Tarja Filatov4= Jukka Gustafsson5= Maria Guzenina6= Timo Harakka7= Eero Heinäluoma8= Susanna Huovinen9= Lauri Ihalainen10= Ilkka Kantola11= Anneli Kiljunen12= Suna Kymäläinen13= Antti Lindtman14= Sanna Marin15= Ilmari Nurminen16= Johanna Ojala-Niemelä17= Joona Räsänen18= Nasima Razmyar19= Antti Rinne20= Kristiina Salonen21= Ville Skinnari22= Katja Taimela23= Tytti Tuppurainen24= Jutta Urpilainen25= Pia Viitanen
}}		title= 11= Harry Wallin
}}		title= 81= Tuula Haatainen2= Mika Kari3= Krista Kiuru4= Merja Mäkisalo-Ropponen5= Riitta Myller6= Sirpa Paatero7= Satu Taavitsainen8= Erkki Tuomioja
}}
#61BF1A|border=darkgray}}{{collapsible list |title= 141= Touko Aalto2= Outi Alanko-Kahiluoto3= Pekka Haavisto4= Hanna Halmeenpää5= Satu Hassi6= Heli Järvinen7= Johanna Karimäki8= Jyrki Kasvi9= Krista Mikkonen10= Ville Niinistö11= Olli-Poika Parviainen12= Jani Toivola13= Antero Vartia14= Ozan Yanar
}}		 –title= 11= Emma Kari
}}
#BF1E24|border=darkgray}}{{collapsible list |title= 101= Li Andersson2= Paavo Arhinmäki3= Katja Hänninen4= Annika Lapintie5= Silvia Modig6= Jari Myllykoski7= Aino-Kaisa Pekonen8= Hanna Sarkkinen9= Matti Semi10= Kari Uotila
}}		 –title= 21= Anna Kontula2= Markus Mustajärvi
}}
a {{Color box>#FFDD93|border=darkgray}}{{collapsible list |title= 71= Eva Biaudet2= Carl Haglund3= Anna-Maja Henriksson4= Mikaela Nylander5= Mats Nylund6= Stefan Wallin7= Mats Löfström
}}		 –title= 31= Anders Adlercreutz2= Thomas Blomqvist3= Joakim Strand
}}
#18359B|border=darkgray}} –{{collapsible list |title= 51= Sari Essayah2= Antero Laukkanen3= Peter Östman4= Päivi Räsänen5= Sari Tanus
}}		 –
Total106|align=center}}4252

a. The Swedish-speaking Finns' parliamentary group consists of nine Swedish People’s Party members and one Independent representing the Autonomous Region of Åland.

b. The Speaker votes only in unusual circumstances, though he or she continues to serve as one of the 200 members of Parliament.

A separate bill to make necessary changes related to social benefits and social and health care services was introduced by the Government on 3 November 2016, and approved by the Parliament, in a 128-28 vote, on 13 December 2016.[74][75][76][77] It was signed by the President on 13 January 2017 and took effect alongside the amendments to the Marriage Act.[78][79][80]

13 December 2016 vote in the Parliament of Finland[81]
PartyVoted forVoted againstAbstainedAbsent (Did Not Vote)
#01954B|border=darkgray}}{{collapsible list |style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |title= 411= Olavi Ala-Nissilä2= Mikko Alatalo3= Anne Berner4= Pertti Hakanen5= Hannakaisa Heikkinen6= Petri Honkonen7= Hannu Hoskonen8= Marisanna Jarva9= Kauko Juhantalo10= Antti Kaikkonen11= Timo Kalli12= Anne Kalmari13= Elsi Katainen14= Esko Kiviranta15= Timo V. Korhonen16= Hanna Kosonen17= Katri Kulmuni18= Antti Kurvinen19= Mikko Kärnä20= Seppo Kääriäinen21= Jari Leppä22= Mika Lintilä23= Markus Lohi24= Eeva-Maria Maijala25= Markku Pakkanen26= Aila Paloniemi27= Ulla Parviainen28= Mauri Pekkarinen29= Arto Pirttilahti30= Tuomo Puumala31= Juha Pylväs32= Antti Rantakangas33= Juha Rehula34= Annika Saarikko35= Mikko Savola36= Juha Sipilä37= Kimmo Tiilikainen38= Ari Torniainen39= Mirja Vehkaperä40= Anu Vehviläinen41= Eerikki Viljanen
}}		 - -title= 81= Sirkka-Liisa Anttila2= Lasse Hautala3= Niilo Keränen4= Olli Rehn5= Markku Rossi6= Martti Talja7= Tapani Tölli8= Matti Vanhanen
}}
#FFDE55|border=darkgray}}title= 131= Ritva Elomaa2= Tiina Elovaara3= Olli Immonen4= Ari Jalonen5= Arja Juvonen6= Kimmo Kivelä7= Anne Louhelainen8= Pirkko Mattila9= Hanna Mäntylä10= Mika Niikkod11= Tom Packalén12= Ville Tavio13= Kaj Turunen
}}		{{collapsible list |title= 141= Simon Elo2= Teuvo Hakkarainen3= Reijo Hongisto4= Laura Huhtasaari5= Toimi Kankaanniemi6= Kari Kulmala7= Rami Lehto8= Jani Mäkelä9= Lea Mäkipää10= Martti Mölsä11= Mika Raatikainen12= Vesa-Matti Saarakkala13= Sami Savio14= Timo Soini
}}		title= 41= Juho Eerola2= Leena Meri3= Jussi Niinistö4= Sampo Terho
}}		title= 61= Jari Lindström2= Maria Lohelab3= Pentti Oinonen4= Jari Ronkainen5= Veera Ruoho6= Ville Vähämäki
}}
#006288|border=darkgray}}{{collapsible list |title= 241= Markku Eestilä2= Sanni Grahn-Laasonen3= Harry Harkimo4= Timo Heinonen5= Antti Häkkänen6= Harri Jaskari7= Kalle Jokinen8= Pauli Kiuru9= Jukka Kopra10= Susanna Koski11= Eero Lehti12= Outi Mäkelä13= Petteri Orpo14= Jaana Pelkonen15= Wille Rydman16= Sari Sarkomaa17= Saara-Sofia Sirén18= Eero Suutari19= Mari-Leena Talvitie20= Lenita Toivakka21= Kari Tolvanen22= Sinuhe Wallinheimo23= Anne-Mari Virolainen24= Ben Zyskowicz
}}		 - -title= 131= Ilkka Kanerva2= Jaana Laitinen-Pesola3= Sanna Lauslahti4= Elina Lepomäki5= Sari Multala6= Kai Mykkänen7= Sari Raassina8= Paula Risikko9= Pertti Salolainen10= Arto Satonen11= Alexander Stubb12= Juhana Vartiainen13= Sofia Vikman
}}
#E11931|border=darkgray}}{{collapsible list |title= 291= Eeva-Johanna Eloranta2= Maarit Feldt-Ranta3= Tarja Filatov4= Jukka Gustafsson5= Maria Guzenina6= Tuula Haatainen7= Timo Harakka8= Eero Heinäluoma9= Lauri Ihalainen10= Ilkka Kantola11= Mika Kari12= Anneli Kiljunen13= Krista Kiuru14= Antti Lindtman15= Sanna Marin16= Riitta Myller17= Merja Mäkisalo-Ropponen18= Ilmari Nurminen19= Johanna Ojala-Niemelä20= Sirpa Paatero21= Antti Rinne22= Joona Räsänen23= Ville Skinnari24= Katja Taimela25= Maria Tolppanen26= Erkki Tuomioja27= Tytti Tuppurainen28= Pia Viitanen29= Harry Wallind
}}		 - -title= 61= Susanna Huovinen2= Suna Kymäläinen3= Nasima Razmyar4= Kristiina Salonen5= Satu Taavitsainen6= Jutta Urpilainen
}}
#61BF1A|border=darkgray}}{{collapsible list |title= 121= Touko Aalto2= Outi Alanko-Kahiluoto3= Pekka Haavisto4= Satu Hassi5= Heli Järvinen6= Emma Kari7= Johanna Karimäki8= Jyrki Kasvi9= Krista Mikkonen10= Ville Niinistö11= Antero Vartia12= Ozan Yanar
}}		 - -title= 31= Hanna Halmeenpää2= Olli-Poika Parviainen3= Jani Toivola
}}
#BF1E24|border=darkgray}}{{collapsible list |title= 91= Li Andersson2= Paavo Arhinmäki3= Katja Hänninen4= Anna Kontula5= Annika Lapintie6= Aino-Kaisa Pekonen7= Hanna Sarkkinen8= Matti Semi9= Kari Uotila
}}		 - -title= 31= Silvia Modig2= Markus Mustajärvi3= Jari Myllykoski
}}
a {{Color box>#FFCC66|border=darkgray}} -{{collapsible list |title= 9c1= Anders Adlercreutz2= Eva Biaudet3= Thomas Blomqvist4= Anna-Maja Henriksson5= Mats Löfström6= Mikaela Nylander7= Mats Nylund8= Veronica Rehn-Kivi9= Stefan Wallin
}}		 -title= 11= Joakim Strand
}}
#0235A4|border=darkgray}} -{{collapsible list |title= 51= Sari Essayah2= Antero Laukkanen3= Peter Östman4= Päivi Räsänen5= Sari Tanus
}}		 - -
Total128|align=center}}28440

a. The Swedish-speaking Finns' parliamentary group consists of nine Swedish People’s Party members and one Independent representing the Autonomous Region of Åland.

b. The Speaker votes only in unusual circumstances, though he or she continues to serve as one of the 200 members of Parliament.

c. The nine deputies of the Swedish People's Party that were present accidentally voted against the bill, although the entire group supported it.[82]

d. Both SDP MP Henry Wallin and Finns Party MP Mika Niikko have reported that they had intended to vote "No".[83]

A citizens' initiative was started on 29 March 2015 aiming to repeal the gender-neutral amendments to the Marriage Act.[84] The initiative collected almost 110,000 signatures by 29 September 2015 and was presented to the Parliament on 22 June 2016. On 8 September 2016, it was sent to the Legal Affairs Committee after a plenary debate.[85][86] On 15 February 2017, the committee recommended that the Parliament reject the initiative.[87][88][89] On 17 February 2017, the Parliament voted to accept the committee's recommendation by a 120-48 margin with 2 abstentions, thus not approving the initiative.[90][91][92][93]

17 February 2017 vote in the Parliament of Finland[93]
PartyVoted forVoted againstAbstainedAbsent (Did Not Vote)
#01954B|border=darkgray}}{{collapsible list | title= 261= Olavi Ala-Nissilä2= Mikko Alatalo3= Anne Berner4= Petri Honkonen5= Antti Kaikkonen6= Anne Kalmari7= Elsi Katainen8= Timo V. Korhonen9= Hanna Kosonen10= Katri Kulmuni11= Mikko Kärnä12= Seppo Kääriäinen13= Jari Leppä14= Mika Lintilä15= Aila Paloniemi16= Ulla Parviainen17= Pekka Puska18= Tuomo Puumala19= Juha Pylväs20= Antti Rantakangas21= Juha Rehula22= Markku Rossi23= Kimmo Tiilikainen24= Mirja Vehkaperä25= Anu Vehviläinen26= Eerikki Viljanen
}}		title= 131= Pertti Hakanen2= Lasse Hautala3= Hannu Hoskonen4= Marisanna Jarva5= Timo Kalli6= Esko Kiviranta7= Antti Kurvinen8= Markus Lohi9= Eeva-Maria Maijala10= Arto Pirttilahti11= Mikko Savola12= Martti Talja13= Tapani Tölli
}}		title= 21= Markku Pakkanen2= Ari Torniainen
}}		title= 81= Sirkka-Liisa Anttila2= Hannakaisa Heikkinen3= Kauko Juhantalo4= Niilo Keränen5= Mauri Pekkarinen6= Annika Saarikko7= Juha Sipilä8= Matti Vanhanen
}}
#FFDE55|border=darkgray}}title= 31= Tiina Elovaara2= Arja Juvonen3= Ville Tavio
}}		{{collapsible list |title= 281= Juho Eerola2= Simon Elo3= Ritva Elomaa4= Teuvo Hakkarainen5= Reijo Hongisto6= Laura Huhtasaari7= Olli Immonen8= Ari Jalonen9= Toimi Kankaanniemi10= Kimmo Kivelä11= Kari Kulmala12= Jari Lindström13= Anne Louhelainen14= Pirkko Mattila15= Leena Meri16= Jani Mäkelä17= Lea Mäkipää18= Martti Mölsä19= Mika Niikko20= Tom Packalén21= Mika Raatikainen22= Jari Ronkainen23= Vesa-Matti Saarakkala24= Sami Savio25= Timo Soini26= Sampo Terho27= Kaj Turunen28= Ville Vähämäki
}}		 -title= 61= Rami Lehto2= Maria Lohelab3= Hanna Mäntylä4= Jussi Niinistö5= Pentti Oinonen6= Veera Ruoho
}}
#006288|border=darkgray}}{{collapsible list |title= 311= Markku Eestilä2= Harry Harkimo3= Timo Heinonen4= Antti Häkkänen5= Harri Jaskari6= Kalle Jokinen7= Ilkka Kanerva8= Pauli Kiuru9= Jukka Kopra10= Jaana Laitinen-Pesola11= Sanna Lauslahti12= Elina Lepomäki13= Sari Multala14= Kai Mykkänen15= Outi Mäkelä16= Petteri Orpo17= Jaana Pelkonen18= Sari Raassina19= Pertti Salolainen20= Sari Sarkomaa21= Arto Satonen22= Saara-Sofia Sirén23= Alexander Stubb24= Eero Suutari25= Mari-Leena Talvitie26= Lenita Toivakka27= Kari Tolvanen28= Juhana Vartiainen29= Sofia Vikman30= Anne-Mari Virolainen31= Ben Zyskowicz
}}		title= 11= Susanna Koski
}}		 -title= 51= Sanni Grahn-Laasonen2= Eero Lehti3= Paula Risikko4= Wille Rydman5= Sinuhe Wallinheimo
}}
#E11931|border=darkgray}}{{collapsible list |title= 301= Eeva-Johanna Eloranta2= Maarit Feldt-Ranta3= Tarja Filatov4= Jukka Gustafsson5= Maria Guzenina6= Tuula Haatainen7= Timo Harakka8= Eero Heinäluoma9= Susanna Huovinen10= Lauri Ihalainen11= Ilkka Kantola12= Mika Kari13= Anneli Kiljunen14= Krista Kiuru15= Suna Kymäläinen16= Sanna Marin17= Riitta Myller18= Merja Mäkisalo-Ropponen19= Ilmari Nurminen20= Johanna Ojala-Niemelä21= Sirpa Paatero22= Nasima Razmyar23= Antti Rinne24= Joona Räsänen25= Ville Skinnari26= Satu Taavitsainen27= Katja Taimela28= Maria Tolppanen29= Erkki Tuomioja30= Pia Viitanen
}}		title= 11= Harry Wallin
}}		 -title= 41= Antti Lindtman2= Kristiina Salonen3= Tytti Tuppurainen4= Jutta Urpilainen
}}
#61BF1A|border=darkgray}}{{collapsible list |title= 131= Touko Aalto2= Outi Alanko-Kahiluoto3= Pekka Haavisto4= Hanna Halmeenpää5= Satu Hassi6= Heli Järvinen7= Emma Kari8= Johanna Karimäki9= Jyrki Kasvi10= Ville Niinistö11= Olli-Poika Parviainen12= Antero Vartia13= Ozan Yanar
}}		 – –title= 21= Krista Mikkonenc2= Jani Toivola
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#BF1E24|border=darkgray}}{{collapsible list |title= 111= Li Andersson2= Paavo Arhinmäki3= Katja Hänninen4= Annika Lapintie5= Silvia Modig6= Markus Mustajärvi7= Jari Myllykoski8= Aino-Kaisa Pekonen9= Hanna Sarkkinen10= Matti Semi11= Kari Uotila
}}		 – –title= 11= Anna Kontula
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a {{Color box>#FFDD93|border=darkgray}}{{collapsible list |title= 61= Anders Adlercreutz2= Anna-Maja Henriksson3= Mats Löfström4= Mats Nylund5= Veronica Rehn-Kivi6= Stefan Wallin
}}		 – –title= 41= Eva Biaudetc2= Thomas Blomqvist3= Mikaela Nylander4= Joakim Strand
}}
#18359B|border=darkgray}} –{{collapsible list |title= 51= Sari Essayah2= Antero Laukkanen3= Peter Östman4= Päivi Räsänen5= Sari Tanus
}}		 – –
Total120|align=center}}48230

a. The Swedish-speaking Finns' parliamentary group consists of nine Swedish People’s Party members and one Independent representing the Autonomous Region of Åland.

b. The Speaker votes only in unusual circumstances, though he or she continues to serve as one of the 200 members of Parliament.

c. RKP MP Eva Biaudet and VIHR MP Krista Mikkonen have stated that they have voted incorrectly, as they were both registered to have being absent for the vote.[94] They have both intended to vote "Yes" on the committee report.[95][96]

Statistics

In the first month, following the entry into force of the law allowing such marriages a total of 857 same-sex marriages took place, of which 87 were newly performed and 770 were registered partnerships converted to marriages.[97][98]

Between March and August 2017, a total of 1,578 same-sex marriages took place, of which 456 were new marriages, and 1,122 were registered partnerships converted to marriages.[99][100]

Public opinion

Support for same-sex marriage in Finland has grown during the 2000s. A December 2006 EU poll put Finnish support for same-sex marriage at 45%,[101] while an August 2010 survey conducted by Yle, put the support at 54%, with 35% opposing it.[19] In January 2013, a poll conducted by YouGov found that the support had climbed to 57%, with 32% opposed and 12% unsure. In the same survey, support for same-sex adoption was 51%, with 36% opposed and 13% unsure.[102][103] A March 2013 survey by Taloustutkimus found that 58% of Finns supported same-sex marriage.[104] In March 2014, a follow-up Taloustutkimus survey found a support of 65% with 27% opposing and 8% unsure.[46]

A June 2014 survey showed that among clergy of the state Evangelical Lutheran Church, 44% supported a gender-neutral marriage law, while 41% opposed and 15% were neutral. 60% supported church blessings for registered couples. 28% said the Church should abandon the legislated duty to perform marriages if a gender-neutral marriage law is passed.[105]

The 2015 Eurobarometer found that 66% of Finns thought that same-sex marriage should be allowed throughout Europe, 28% were against.[106]

A Pew Research Center poll, conducted between April and August 2017 and published in May 2018, showed that 64% of Finns supported same-sex marriage, 26% were opposed and 10% didn't know or refused to answer.[107] When divided by religion, 84% of religiously unaffiliated people, 62% of non-practicing Christians and 30% of church-attending Christians supported same-sex marriage.[108] Opposition was 12% among 18-34-year-olds.[109]

Regional significance

Finland was the last Nordic country to introduce same-sex marriage. Although the change has brought it into alignment with its Nordic neighbours, this represents a significant difference of approach to neighbouring Russia, which has historically exercised influence in Finland's affairs and has been hostile to LGBT rights.[110]

See also

{{Portal|LGBT|Finland}}
  • LGBT rights in Finland
  • LGBT history in Finland
  • Recognition of same-sex unions in Europe

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

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External links

  • {{cite web|url=https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2015/20150156|title=Laki avioliittolain muuttamisesta|language=Finnish|trans-title=An Act to amend the Marriage Act|publisher=FINLEX|accessdate=16 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322191504/http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2015/20150156|archivedate=22 March 2016}}
  • {{cite web|url=https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2016/20160249|title=Laki avioliittolain muuttamisesta|publisher=FINLEX|language=Finnish|accessdate=16 April 2016|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6gnSwIXKp|archivedate=15 April 2016}}
  • {{cite web|url=https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2016/20160250|title=Lakirekisteröidystä parisuhteesta annetun lain muuttamisesta |publisher=FINLEX|language=Finnish|accessdate=16 April 2016|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6gnT6TKqU|archivedate=15 April 2016}}
  • {{cite web|url=https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2016/20160251|title=Laki väestötietojärjestelmästä ja Väestörekisterikeskuksen varmennepalveluista annetun lain 13 §:n muuttamisesta|publisher=FINLEX|language=Finnish|accessdate=16 April 2016|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6gnTCl7cR|archivedate=15 April 2016}}
  • {{cite web|url=https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2016/20160252|title=Laki transseksuaalin sukupuolen vahvistamisesta annetun lain muuttamisesta|publisher=FINLEX|language=Finnish|accessdate=16 April 2016|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6gnTJ6pq0|archivedate=15 April 2016}}
  • {{cite web|url=https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2016/20160253|title=Laki uskonnonvapauslain 3 §:n muuttamisesta|publisher=FINLEX|language=Finnish|accessdate=16 April 2016|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6gnTUJinW|archivedate=15 April 2016}}
  • {{cite web|url=https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2016/20160254|title=Laki hedelmöityshoidoista annetun lain 2 §:n muuttamisesta|publisher=FINLEX|language=Finnish|accessdate=16 April 2016|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6gnTdMcjV|archivedate=15 April 2016}}
  • {{cite web|url=http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2017/20170006|title=Laki sairausvakuutuslain 1 ja 9 luvun muuttamisesta|publisher=FINLEX|language=Finnish|accessdate=20 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120225733/http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2017/20170006|archivedate=20 January 2017}}
  • {{cite web|url=http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2017/20170007|title=Laki elatustukilain 6 ja 8 §:n muuttamisesta|publisher=FINLEX|language=Finnish|accessdate=20 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120225846/http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2017/20170007|archivedate=20 January 2017}}
  • {{cite web|url=http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2017/20170008|title=Laki asumiseen perustuvan sosiaaliturvalainsäädännön soveltamisesta annetun lain 2 a §:n muuttamisesta|publisher=FINLEX|language=Finnish|accessdate=20 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120230032/http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2017/20170008|archivedate=20 January 2017}}
  • {{cite web|url=http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2017/20170009|title=Laki työttömyysturvalain 1 luvun 7 §:n muuttamisesta|publisher=FINLEX|language=Finnish|accessdate=20 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120230134/http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2017/20170009|archivedate=20 January 2017}}
  • {{cite web|url=http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2017/20170010|title=Laki kansaneläkelain 5 §:n muuttamisesta|publisher=FINLEX|language=Finnish|accessdate=20 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120230246/http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2017/20170010|archivedate=20 January 2017}}
  • {{cite web|url=http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2017/20170011|title=Laki eläkkeensaajan asumistuesta annetun lain 4 §:n muuttamisesta|publisher=FINLEX|language=Finnish

|accessdate=20 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120230349/http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2017/20170011|archivedate=20 January 2017}}
  • {{cite web|url=http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2017/20170012|title=Laki yleisestä asumistuesta annetun lain 5 §:n muuttamisesta|publisher=FINLEX|language=Finnish |accessdate=20 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120230704/http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2017/20170012|archivedate=20 January 2017}}
  • {{cite web|url=http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2017/20170013|title=Laki toimeentulotuesta annetun lain 3 §:n muuttamisesta|publisher=FINLEX|language=Finnish|accessdate=20 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120230813/http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2017/20170013|archivedate=20 January 2017}}
{{LGBT in Nordic countries}}{{Europe in topic|Same-sex marriage in}}

3 : LGBT rights in Finland|Same-sex marriage by country|2017 in LGBT history
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