| 词条 | Jorge Novak |
| 释义 |
| type = Bishop | honorific_prefix = Servant of God | name = Jorge Novak | honorific_suffix = S.V.D. | title = Bishop of Quilmes | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | church = Roman Catholic Church | archdiocese = | province = | metropolis = | diocese = Quilmes | see = Quilmes | elected = | appointed = 7 August 1976 | term = | term_start = | term_end = 9 July 2001 | quashed = | predecessor = None; diocese created | successor = Luis Teodorico Stöckler | opposed = | other_post = | ordination = 10 January 1954 | ordained_by = Germiniano Esorto | consecration = 19 September 1976 | consecrated_by = Pio Laghi | cardinal = | created_cardinal_by = | rank = | birth_name = Jorge Novak | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1928|03|04}} | birth_place = San Miguel Arcángel, Adolfo Alsina, Buenos Aires, Argentina | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2001|07|09|1928|03|04}} | death_place = Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina | buried = | tomb = | resting_place_coordinates = | nationality = | religion = | residence = | parents = | spouse = | children = | occupation = | profession = | education = | alma_mater = Pontifical Gregorian University | motto = Veni Espíritu Santo | signature = | signature_alt = | coat_of_arms = Escudo de Jorge novak.svg | coat_of_arms_alt = | feast_day = 9 July | venerated = Roman Catholic Church | saint_title = Servant of God | beatified_date = | beatified_place = | beatified_by = | canonized_date = | canonized_place = | canonized_by = | attributes = | patronage = | shrine = | suppressed_date = | module = | other = }}Jorge Novak (4 March 1928 - 9 July 2001) was an Argentine Roman Catholic prelate and professed member from the Divine Word Missionaries who served as the Bishop of Quilmes from 1976 until his death.[1] He is best known for his staunch defense of human rights and critical statements regarding the position of the Church during the period of the Argentine dictatorship during the 1970s.[2][3][4] He was also known for his promotion of proper economic management when the nation's economic fortunes dwindled and promoted jobs and strong action for the poor and neglected.[1][5] The cause for Novak's beatification started on 19 August 2017; he is titled now as a Servant of God. LifeJorge Novak was born on 4 March 1928 to Jorge Novak and Christina Prediger; he was of German descent on his maternal side. He had seven brothers[5] Novak entered the Divine Word Missionaries and made his initial profession on 1 March 1947 and on 1 March 1953 made his solemn profession into the order. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1954 in Bahía Blanca and in 1958 obtained a doctorate in historical sciences from the Pontifical Gregorian in Rome. In 1972 he became the provincial superior for the order and held that appointment until his elevation to the episcopate. Pope Paul VI later created the Quilmes diocese through the papal bull Cups Regimini on 2 August 1976 and appointed Novak as its first bishop on 7 August. Novak received his episcopal consecration on 19 September from Pio Laghi in the new diocese's Immaculate Conception cathedral.[5][1] There was initial apprehension surrounding his episcopal appointment due to strong rumors of his authoritative professorship in La Plata. Novak railed against human rights abuses and criticized the dictatorship and the guerillas for their violence and carnage during the period of civil unrest and conflict. He pleaded for proper negotiations and peace in 1982 during the Falklands War.[1] It was after the disappearances of 30 000 people became public that he served as a sort of 'spokesman' for their next of kin asking for investigations and closure for the families of those lost. He co-founded the Ecumenical Movement for Human Rights alongside several others in February 1976. In September 1984 he was on a trip in Costa Rica when he was struck with Guillain-Barré and was recuperating to recover his motor skills until 1985.[5] Towards the end of his life he wrote to the government demanding greater action for the poor and often used strong language in order to force the point across. He was also seen leading demonstrations for jobs and organized soup kitchens in shanties around urban centers.[1] In 2000 he encouraged one of his priests and the prominent social worker Luis Farinello to go into politics to run for a Senate seat in the October congressional elections.[6] Novak issued a decree that authorized Farinello to pursue politics but removed him from all ecclesial responsibilities from his public announcement of his candidature and for the duration of his mandate if elected. The decree cited canon 904 of canon law which allowed Farinello to "celebrate Mass without the attendance of faithful" and exhorted Farinello to adhere to the values of the Gospel and the social teachings of the Church. On 28 April 1995 he issued a statement asking for forgiveness for the failure of the Argentine priesthood and episcopate to act during the 1970s when people were disappearing and being killed. Novak pleaded for forgiveness "for our insensitivities" while also referring to their collective "cowardice" and "omissions" which he affirmed made them complicit in the actions of the dictatorship.[4][3] Back in 1991 he was a sharp critic of President Carlos Saul Menem for his decision to pardon Jorge Videla and other jailed leaders of the dictatorship and referred to the pardon as a "humiliating defeat" for those who suffered during the dictatorship.[2] In June 2001 he gave his last sermon and discussed the growing economic crisis in which he asked: "How is it possible that in this day and age there are still people who die from hunger, condemned to illiteracy, and without a roof over their heads?"[1] Novak had an operation for stomach cancer (the disease he kept a close secret) and later died from it at 4:00am on 9 July 2001.[1] Twelve bishops attended his funeral as did the apostolic nuncio (later cardinal) Santos Abril y Castelló; the people shouted "Viva el Padre Jorge" and "Viva Monsignor Novak" as his casket was carried out of the church.[5] Beatification processThe cause commenced on 19 August 2017 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints declared "nihil obstat" (no objections) and titled Novak as a Servant of God. The diocesan process is set to open on 11 December 2017. From 24 June 2016 the postulator of the cause is the current Archbishop of Mendoza Marcelo Daniel Colombo. References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{citeweb|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/bishop-jorge-novak-9256069.html|title=Bishop Jorge Novak|date=17 July 2001|publisher=Independent|accessdate=28 November 2017|author=Andrew Graham-Yooll}} 2. ^1 {{citeweb|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,972146,00.html|publisher=TIME|date=14 January 1991|accessdate=28 November 2017|title=Argentina: No Peace in The Dirty War}} 3. ^1 {{citeweb|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/29/world/argentine-bishop-calls-church-cowardly.html|publisher=The New York Times|date=29 April 1995|title=Argentine Bishop Calls Church Cowardly|accessdate=28 November 2017}} 4. ^1 {{citeweb|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/04/28/Argentine-bishop-addresses-dirty-war/4862799041600/?spt=su|date=28 April 1995|accessdate=28 November 2017|publisher=UPI|title=Argentine bishop addresses 'dirty war'}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{citeweb|title=News letter august 2017|date=6 October 2017|accessdate=28 November 2017|publisher=Issuu|url=https://issuu.com/unamanoqueyuda/docs/news_letter_august_2017}} 6. ^{{citeweb|url=https://zenit.org/articles/argentine-priest-gets-ok-to-enter-politics/|title=Argentine Priest Gets OK to Enter Politics|publisher=Zenit|date=12 December 2000|accessdate=28 November 2017}} External links
17 : 1928 births|2001 deaths|20th-century Argentine people|20th-century Roman Catholic bishops|20th-century venerated Christians|21st-century Argentine people|21st-century Roman Catholic bishops|21st-century venerated Christians|Argentine bishops|Argentine human rights activists|Argentine people of German descent|Argentine Roman Catholics|Deaths from stomach cancer|Divine Word Missionaries Order|Human rights in Argentina|People from Buenos Aires|Argentine Servants of God |
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