| 释义 |
- Consonants Consonant modifiers Simplified list of consonants
- Vowels Vowel modifiers Simplified list of vowels
- External links
- See also
{{IPA notice}}The following show the typical symbols for consonants and vowels used in SAMPA, an ASCII-based system based on the International Phonetic Alphabet. Note that SAMPA is not a universal system as it varies from language to language. Consonants | Bilabial | Labio-
dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-
alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | | Nasal | m | F | n | J | N |
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Stop
{{small|plosive and affricate | p b | t d
ts dz | tS dZ | c J\\ | k g | q G\\ | ? |
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| Fricative | p\\ B | f v | T D | s z | S Z | C j\\ | x G | X R | X\\ ?\\ | h h\\ |
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| Approximant | central | H | P | r\\{{efn>name=r}} | j{{efn>name=j}} | w |
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| lateral | l | L | 5 |
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| Rhotic | 4{{efn>name=r}}
r{{efn|name=r}} | R\\ |
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{{notelist|refs={{efn|name=r|It is common, especially in Spanish and Italian, to represent the alveolar trill with [rr] and the alveolar flap with [r]. It has been proposed to use [4] for the alveolar flap, in which case [r] can be used to represent the trill (as its equivalent in the IPA system), and [j\\] for the palatal fricative, keeping in this way the policy of using one letter per one IPA symbol (and a backslash for alternative symbols).}}{{efn|name=j|Also in Spanish, [jj] is used to represent the palatal fricative against the semivowel [j].}}
}} Consonant modifiers | SAMPA | IPA | Description | ` | | d` = {{IPAslink>ɖ}}) | _a | ◌̺}} | apical consonant | _d | ◌̪}} | dental consonant | _G | ◌ˠ}} | velarized consonant | _h | ◌ʰ}} | aspirated consonant | _j, ' | ◌ʲ}} | palatalized consonant | _m | ◌̻}} | laminal consonant | _w | ◌ʷ}} | labialized consonant | _< | | b_< = {{IPAslink>ɓ}}) | _> | ʼ}} | ejective consonant | _=, = | ◌̩}} | syllabic consonant |
Simplified list of consonants| SAMPA | IPA | Description | Examples | p | p}} | voiceless bilabial plosive | English pen, Croatian pas ('dog') | b | b}} | voiced bilabial plosive | English but, Polish brat ('brother') | t | t}} | voiceless alveolar plosive | English two, Spanish tomar ('capture') | d | d}} | voiced alveolar plosive | English do, Polish dom ('house') | ts | ts}} | voiceless alveolar affricate | Italian calza ('sock'), German Zeit ('time') | dz | dz}} | voiced alveolar affricate | Italian zona ('zone'), Canadian French dur ('hard') | tS | tʃ}} | voiceless postalveolar affricate | English chair, Spanish mucho ('many') | dZ | dʒ}} | voiced postalveolar affricate | English gin, Italian giorno ('day') | c | c}} | voiceless palatal plosive | Hungarian tyúk ('hen'), Dutch schatje ('darling') | J\\ | ɟ}} | voiced palatal plosive | Hungarian egy ('one'), Czech dítě ('child') | k | k}} | voiceless velar plosive | English skill, Spanish casa ('house') | g | ɡ}} | voiced velar plosive | English go, Hungarian gép ('machine') | q | q}} | voiceless uvular plosive | Arabic qof, Somali qaab | p\\ | ɸ}} | voiceless bilabial fricative | Japanese fu, Ainu fuchi | B | β}} | voiced bilabial fricative | Catalan roba 'clothes', Spanish huevo 'egg' | f | f}} | voiceless labiodental fricative | English fool, Spanish fama ('fame') | v | v}} | voiced labiodental fricative | English voice, German Welt 'world' | T | θ}} | voiceless dental fricative | English thing, Castilian Spanish caza 'hunt' | D | ð}} | voiced dental fricative | English this, Icelandic fræði 'science' | s | s}} | voiceless alveolar fricative | English see, Spanish sí ('yes') | z | z}} | voiced alveolar fricative | English zoo, German sein 'to be' | S | ʃ}} | voiceless postalveolar fricative | English she, French chou 'cabbage' | Z | ʒ}} | voiced postalveolar fricative | French jour 'day', English pleasure | C | ç}} | voiceless palatal fricative | Standard German ich 'I', Icelandic hjá 'next to' | j\\ (jj) | ʝ}} | voiced palatal fricative | Standard Spanish ayuda | x | x}} | voiceless velar fricative | Scots loch, Spanish ajo | G | ɣ}} | voiced velar fricative | Greek γάλα ('milk'), Icelandic saga ('story') | | | ɰ}} | velar approximant | Spanish algo | X\\ | ħ}} | voiceless pharyngeal fricative | Arabic h.â | ?\\ | ʕ}} | voiced pharyngeal fricative | Arabic 'ayn | h | h}} | voiceless glottal fricative | English ham, German Hand | h\\ | ɦ}} | voiced glottal fricative | Hungarian lehet 'it can be' | m | m}} | bilabial nasal | English man, French main 'hand' | F | ɱ}} | labiodental nasal | Spanish infierno, Hungarian kámfor | n | n}} | alveolar nasal | English, Spanish and Italian no | J | ɲ}} | palatal nasal | Spanish año, French oignon, Hungarian lány | N | ŋ}} | velar nasal | English ring, Tagalog ngayón | l | l}} | alveolar lateral approximant | English left, Spanish largo | L | ʎ}} | palatal lateral approximant | Italian aglio, Catalan colla | 5 | ɫ}} | velarized dental lateral | English meal Catalan alga | 4 (r) | ɾ}} | alveolar tap | Spanish pero, Italian essere | r (rr) | r}} | alveolar trill | Spanish perro, Italian terra | r\\ | ɹ}} | alveolar approximant | English run | R | ʀ}} | uvular trill | Standard German Reich | P | ʋ}} | labiodental approximant | Dutch Waar, Finnish vesi | w | w}} | labial-velar approximant | English we, French oui | H | ɥ}} | labial-palatal approximant | French nuit | j | j}} | palatal approximant | English yes, Polish już |
Vowels| Vowels | | | front | central | back |
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| close | i • y | 1 • | M • u |
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| near-close | I • Y | | • U |
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| close-mid | e • 2 | @\\ • 8 | 7 • o |
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| mid | | @ | |
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| open-mid | E • 9 | 3 • 3\\ | V • O |
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| near-open | { • | 6 | |
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| open | a • & | A • Q |
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Vowel modifiers | SAMPA | IPA | Description | Examples | ~, _~ | ◌̃}} | nasalized vowel | French bon [bO~], Portuguese sim [si~] | : | ː}} | long vowel | English see [si:] ) | `{{efn|Note that this symbol is also used for retroflex consonants (see above), but denotes rhoticity after vowel symbols.}} | ◌˞}} | r-colored vowel | US English bird [b3`d] | _^ | ◌̯}} | non-syllabic vowel | " | ˈ}} | primary stress | % | ˌ}} | secondary stress |
{{notelist}}Simplified list of vowels| SAMPA | IPA | Description | Examples | i | i}} | close front unrounded vowel | English see, Spanish sí, French vie, German wie, Italian visto | I | ɪ}} | near-close front unrounded vowel | English city, German mit, Canadian French vite | e | e}} | close-mid front unrounded vowel | US English bear, Spanish él, French année, German mehr, Italian rete, Catalan més | E | ɛ}} | open-mid front unrounded vowel | English bed, French même, German Männer, Italian ferro, Catalan mes, Spanish perro | { | æ}} | near-open front unrounded vowel | English cat, Finnish mäki | y | y}} | close front rounded vowel | French du, German Tür, Finnish hyvä | Y | ʏ}} | near-close front rounded vowel | German hübsch, Swedish ylle | 2 | ø}} | close-mid front rounded vowel | French deux (hence '2'), German Höhle, Danish købe | 9 | œ}} | open-mid front rounded vowel | French neuf (hence '9'), German Hölle | 1 | ɨ}} | close central unrounded vowel | Polish mysz | @ | ə}} | mid central vowel | English about, German bitte, Swedish beredd | 6 | ɐ}} | near-open central unrounded vowel | German besser, Catalan mare | 3 | ɜ}} | open-mid central unrounded vowel | English bird | a | {{IPAplink|a}}~{{IPAplink|ä}}}} | open front unrounded vowel/
open central unrounded vowel | Spanish barra, French bateau, German Haar, Italian pazzo | | ʉ}} | close central rounded vowel | Scottish English pool, Swedish sju | 8 | ɵ}} | close-mid central rounded vowel | Swedish kust | & | ɶ}} | open front rounded vowel | Swedish öra | M | ɯ}} | close back unrounded vowel | Japanese fuji, Korean geu | 7 | ɤ}} | close-mid back unrounded vowel | Korean eoreum, Estonian kõrv | V | ʌ}} | open-mid back unrounded vowel | RP and US English run, enough | A | ɑ}} | open back unrounded vowel | English arm, US English law, Canadian French âme, Finnish alku | u | u}} | close back rounded vowel | English soon, Spanish tú, French goût, German Hut, Italian tutto | U | ʊ}} | near-close back rounded vowel | English put, (non-US)Buddhist, German Mutter | o | o}} | close-mid back rounded vowel | US English sore, Scottish English boat, Spanish yo, French beau, German Sohle, Italian dove, Catalan ona | O | ɔ}} | open-mid back rounded vowel | British English law, caught, Italian cosa, Catalan dona, Spanish ojo, German Wort | Q | ɒ}} | open back rounded vowel | British English not, cough, Hungarian kar |
External links- SAMPA computer readable phonetic alphabet
See also- SAMPA chart for English
- X-SAMPA
{{DEFAULTSORT:Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet Chart}} 1 : SAMPA |