| 词条 | Samuel Dexter |
| 释义 |
|name = Samuel Dexter |image = Samuel Dexter.jpg |office = 3rd United States Secretary of the Treasury |president = John Adams Thomas Jefferson |term_start = January 1, 1801 |term_end = May 13, 1801 |predecessor = Oliver Wolcott |successor = Albert Gallatin |office1 = 4th United States Secretary of War |president1 = John Adams |term_start1 = June 1, 1800 |term_end1 = January 31, 1801 |predecessor1 = James McHenry |successor1 = Henry Dearborn |jr/sr2 = United States Senator |state2 = Massachusetts |term_start2 = March 4, 1799 |term_end2 = May 30, 1800 |predecessor2 = Theodore Sedgwick |successor2 = Dwight Foster |state3 = Massachusetts |district3 = {{ushr|MA|1|1st}} |alongside3 = Fisher Ames, Benjamin Goodhue, and Samuel Holten (General Ticket) |term_start3 = March 4, 1793 |term_end3 = March 3, 1795 |predecessor3 = Fisher Ames |successor3 = Theodore Sedgwick |birth_date = {{birth date|1761|5|14}} |birth_place = Boston, Massachusetts, British America |death_date = {{death date and age|1816|5|4|1761|5|14}} |death_place = Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |party = Federalist |education = Harvard University {{small|(BA)}} |signature = Samuel Dexter Signature.svg }}{{DedhamHistory}} Samuel Dexter (May 14, 1761{{spaced ndash}}May 4, 1816) was an early American statesman who served both in Congress and in the Presidential Cabinets of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. Early life and educationBorn in Boston, Massachusetts, to the Rev. Samuel Dexter, the 4th minister of Dedham, he graduated from Harvard University in 1781 and then studied law at Worcester under Levi Lincoln Sr., the future Attorney General of the United States. After he passed the bar in 1784, he began practicing in Lunenburg, Massachusetts. Congressional careerHe was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives and served from 1788 to 1790. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives as a Federalist and served in the 3rd Congress (March 4, 1793 – March 3, 1795). He served in the United States Senate from March 4, 1799, to May 30, 1800 (the 6th Congress). During a House discussion on a Naturalization Bill in 1795, Virginia Representative William Branch Giles controversially suggested that all immigrants be forced to take an oath renouncing any titles of nobility they previously held. Dexter responded by questioning why Catholics were not required to denounce allegiance to the Pope, because priestcraft had initiated more problems throughout history than aristocracy. Dexter's points caused an infuriated James Madison to defend American Catholics, many of whom, such as Charles Carroll of Carrollton, had been good citizens during the American Revolution, and to point out that hereditary titles were barred under the Constitution in any event.[1] In December 1799, he delivered the Senate eulogy for George Washington. Dexter served in the Senate for less than a year, and resigned in order to accept his appointment as United States Secretary of War in the administration of President John Adams. Tenures as Secretary of War and Secretary of the TreasuryDuring his time at the War Department he urged congressional action to permit appointment and compensation of field officers for general staff duty. When Secretary of the Treasury Oliver Wolcott Jr. resigned in December 1800, Adams appointed Dexter as interim Secretary, and Dexter served from January to May 1801. With incoming President Thomas Jefferson wanting to delay his choice for Secretary of the Treasury, Albert Gallatin, for a recess appointment in May, Dexter agreed to retain his duties as Secretary of the Treasury for the first two months of Jefferson's term.[2] In a letter to his wife on March 5, 1801, Gallatin said that Dexter had behaved "with great civility."[3] Later careerHe returned to Boston in 1805 and resumed the practice of law. He left the Federalists and became a Democratic-Republican because he supported the War of 1812. He was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Massachusetts in 1814, 1815 and 1816. Dexter was an ardent supporter of the temperance movement and presided over its first formal organization in Massachusetts. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1800.[4] Death and legacyHe died on May 4, 1816, shortly before his 55th birthday and is buried at Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Simon Newton Dexter and Andrew Dexter Jr. were his nephews. Samuel W. Dexter, founder of Dexter, Michigan, was his son. Samuel Dexter is the namesake of Dexter, Maine.[5] The USRC Dexter (1830) was named in his honor. References1. ^Irving Brant, James Madison: Father of the constitution, 1787-1800, Indianapolis, Ind. and New York: Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1950, pp. 420–21. 2. ^Dumas Malone, Jefferson The President: First Term, 1801-1805, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1970, pp. 34–36. 3. ^Dumas Malone, Jefferson The President: First Term, 1801-1805, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1970, p. 36n. 4. ^{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter D|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterD.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|accessdate=July 28, 2014}} 5. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9V1IAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA105#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | pages=105}} External links{{CongBio|D000296}} Retrieved on 2009-5-20
Massachusetts's 1st congressional district|years=1793–1795}}{{s-aft|after=Theodore Sedgwick}} |-{{s-par|us-sen}}{{s-bef|before=Theodore Sedgwick}}{{s-ttl|title=U.S. Senator (Class 2) from Massachusetts|years=1799–1800|alongside=Benjamin Goodhue}}{{s-aft|after=Dwight Foster}} |-{{s-off}}{{s-bef|before=James McHenry}}{{s-ttl|title=United States Secretary of War|years=1800–1801}}{{s-aft|after=Henry Dearborn}} |-{{s-bef|before=Oliver Wolcott}}{{s-ttl|title=United States Secretary of the Treasury|years=1801}}{{s-aft|after=Albert Gallatin}}{{s-end}}{{USSenMA}}{{MARepresentatives}}{{USSecTreas}}{{USSecArm}}{{Adams cabinet}}{{Jefferson cabinet}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Dexter, Samuel}} 20 : 1761 births|1816 deaths|Burials at Mount Auburn Cemetery|Federalist Party United States Senators|Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences|Harvard University alumni|Jefferson administration cabinet members|19th-century American politicians|John Adams administration cabinet members|18th-century American politicians|Members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives|Members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts|People from Greater Boston|United States Secretaries of the Treasury|United States Secretaries of War|United States Senators from Massachusetts|People from Dedham, Massachusetts|Massachusetts Federalists|American temperance activists|Dexter, Maine |
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