| 词条 | Samuel Rosenman |
| 释义 |
|name = Samuel Rosenman |image = Samuel-Rosenman-1930.jpg |caption = Samuel Rosenman in 1930 |office = White House Counsel |president = Franklin D. Roosevelt Harry Truman |term_start = October 2, 1943 |term_end = February 1, 1946 |predecessor = Position established |successor = Clark Clifford |birth_date = {{birth date|1896|2|13}} |birth_place = San Antonio, Texas, U.S. |death_date = {{death date and age|1973|6|24|1896|2|13}} |death_place = New York City, New York, U.S. |party = Democratic |education = Columbia University {{small|(BA, LLB)}} }} Samuel Irving Rosenman (February 13, 1896 – June 24, 1973) was an American lawyer, judge, Democratic Party activist and presidential speechwriter. He coined the term "New Deal", and helped articulate liberal policies during the heyday of the New Deal coalition. He was the first person to hold the position of White House Counsel. Personal life and political careerRosenman was born in San Antonio, Texas, the son of Solomon and Ethel (Paler) Rosenman. He served in the US Army during World War I and graduated From Columbia Law School in 1919. He was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Delta Sigma Rho.[1][2] He became active in Democratic politics and was a member of the New York State Assembly (New York Co., 11th D.) in 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925 and 1926; and a Justice of the New York Supreme Court (1st D.) from 1936 to 1943.[3] By the mid-1930s, Rosenman had emerged as a leading spokesman for the New York Jewish community.[4] Rosenman was a senior advisor to presidents Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman. Under their administrations, he was a leading figure in the war crimes issue. He was also the first official White House Counsel, then called Special Counsel, between 1943 and 1946. He was a speechwriter under both presidents, helping Roosevelt with his speeches from his days as governor. Rosenman was responsible for the term "New Deal", a phrase in the conclusion of FDR's acceptance speech at the 1932 Democratic National Convention.[5] While he was not heavily involved in speechwriting during Roosevelt's first term, he started traveling to Washington to help out with important talks during the 1936 campaign and was a key speech aide for the remainder of Roosevelt's life. He officially joined the White House after ill health forced him to have to choose between his judicial work and his presidential work. He submitted his resignation as Special Counsel upon Roosevelt's death but Truman asked him to stay on, initially through V-E Day, then through V-J Day, and finally into 1946. Even after leaving the White House, he would periodically return to aid the president with major speeches, including his acceptance speech to the 1948 Democratic National Convention. EditorRosenman edited The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt, published in 13 volumes from 1938 to 1950. They have been immensely influential in the study of the New Deal and Roosevelt's policies; given the enormous mass of data at the Roosevelt Library in Hyde Park, the papers have been used by historians as a guide, a conceptual framework, and a source. While his selections have given rise to some accusations of partisan selectivity and of deviations from the content of delivered speeches, the work still holds up remarkably well as an important piece of scholarship, and Rosenman will long be remembered as the Thucydides of the Roosevelt era, according to Hand (1968). HolocaustOn October 6, 1943, three days before Yom Kippur, Hillel Kook (aka Peter Bergson) organized a march to Washington DC (the famous Rabbis March) by a delegation of some 400 rabbis, most if not all Orthodox and some recent immigrants, to make a public appeal to the United States government to do more to try to rescue the abandoned Jews of Europe. It was the only such protest in Washington during the Holocaust. The rabbis were received at steps of the Capitol by the Senate majority and minority leaders, and the Speaker of the House. After prayers for the war effort at the Lincoln Memorial the rabbis went to the White House to plead with President Roosevelt and were told that the President is busy all day and Vice President Henry Wallace met them instead. It was later learned that Roosevelt had several free hours that afternoon, but was advised by both Stephen Wise (head of the World Jewish Congress) and Samuel Rosenman (the President's advisor, speech writer and head of the American Jewish Committee) that the protesting rabbis "were not representative" of American Jewry and not the kind of Jews he should meet. Wise also accused the rabbis of "offending the dignity of the Jewish people."[6] Later careerFrom 1964 to 1966, Rosenman served as president of the New York City Bar Association. Publications
References
Primary sources
References1. ^{{cite book |title=Who's Who in American Jewry |year=1928 }} 2. ^{{cite book |title=New York Red Book |year=1923 }} 3. ^{{cite book |title=New York Legislative Manual |date=1922–43 }} 4. ^{{cite journal |first=Henry L. |last=Feingold |title=Crisis and Response: American Jewish Leadership during the Roosevelt Years |journal=Modern Judaism |year=1988 |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=101–118 |jstor=1396379 }} 5. ^{{cite news |last= |first= |date=June 25, 1973 |title=Samuel I. Rosenman, 77, Dies; Coined New Deal for Roosevelt |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/06/25/archives/samuel-i-rosenman-77-dies-coined-new-deal-for-roosevelt-samuel-i.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=2018-01-17}} 6. ^https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/1943-hundreds-of-rabbis-march-on-washington-1.5446138 External links
12 : 1896 births|1973 deaths|American Jews in the military|American speechwriters|Columbia Law School alumni|Franklin D. Roosevelt administration personnel|Members of the New York State Assembly|New York Supreme Court Justices|People from San Antonio|Presidents of the New York City Bar Association|United States presidential advisors|White House Counsels |
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