| 词条 | João Afonso de Albuquerque |
| 释义 |
| name = João Afonso de Albuquerque | title = Lord of Alburquerque and of Meneses | more = no | spouse = Teresa Martins Telles | noble family = Téllez de Meneses | father = Afonso Sanches | mother = Teresa Martins de Meneses | birth_date = 1304 | birth_place = Lisbon | death_date = 28 September 1354 | death_place = Medina del Campo | burial_date = | burial_place = Monastery of la Santa Espina in Castromonte (Valladolid) | religion = | occupation = }} João Afonso de Albuquerque, ({{circa|1304}}{{Sfn|Sotto Mayor Pizarro|1987|pp= 31, 109 and 231}}{{snd}}28 September 1354), Juan Alfonso de Alburquerque in Spanish and nicknamed "o do Ataúde",{{efn|In his will, he asked not to be buried immediately but that his coffin (ataúde) should be carried by his vassals until King Peter ceased to persecute his kinsmen, hence his nickname.}} 6th Lord of Alburquerque, was a member of the highest ranks of the nobility of the Kingdom of Portugal, an astute politician, and descendant from the royal houses of both Portugal and Castile, although through illegitimate lines.{{Sfn|Sotto Mayor Pizarro|1987|p= 231}}{{Sfn|Costa|2004|p= 36}} Count of Alburquerque, Lord of Azagala, Codosera, Alconchel, Medellín, Meneses and Tiedra, he was the Alférez of King Alfonso XI of Castile and Leon (1333{{snd}}1336), Chancellor of Castile between 1350 and 1353, and Mayordomo mayor of Infante Peter,{{Sfn|Sotto Mayor Pizarro|1987|p= 231}} later King Peter I of Castile, who is suspected of having him poisoned in 1354.{{Sfn|Sotto Mayor Pizarro|1987|p= 231}} Family origins and early yearsHis father, Afonso Sanches,{{Sfn|Sotto Mayor Pizarro|1987|pp= 31, 109}} was the firstborn and favorite son of King Dinis I of Portugal who had him out of wedlock with Aldonza Rodrigues Telha.{{Sfn|Sotto Mayor Pizarro|1997|p= 189, Vol. I}} Teresa Martins de Meneses, his mother, was the daughter of João Afonso Telo, the first count of Barcelos,{{Sfn|Sotto Mayor Pizarro|1997|p= 191, Vol. I}}{{efn|In his will dated 5 May 1304 in Lisbon, the Count of Barcelos asked the king to ensure that his eldest daughter, Teresa Martins, inherited the Castle of Alburquerque upon his death.{{Sfn|Sotto Mayor Pizarro|1997|p= 191, no. 153, Vol. I}}}} and of Teresa Sánchez, an illegitimate daughter of Sancho IV the Brave, king of Castile and León.{{Sfn|Sotto Mayor Pizarro|1997|loc= 192, Vol. I}} Teresa survived her husband by almost twenty years. João Afonso de Albuquerque was raised in Lisbon at the house of João Simão de Urrô who in 1314 gave him certain properties in the city and in Alenquer.{{Sfn|Sotto Mayor Pizarro|1997|p= 193, Vol. I}} Favorite of Peter the CruelAlready settled in Castile by around 1330 he appears often in charters confirming as the alférez of his cousin Alfonso XI and also as the tutor (ayo) and later mayordomo of Infante Pedro,{{Sfn|Sotto Mayor Pizarro|1997|p= 193, Vol. I}} who was barely fifteen years old when his father died, forming a close relationship with the young king as his favorite and one of the most influential politicians in the kingdom. He was also the chancellor of King Alfonso XI and during part of the reign of his son Peter I.{{Sfn|Valdeón Baruque|2002|pp = 47 and 56}} When the session of the Cortes de Valladolid of 1351 were convened, he was at the height of his power and had great influence on the decisions that were taken.{{sfn|Díaz Martín|1992|pp=276–277}} Measures were passed to protect trade with Flanders, to organize the prosecution of wrongdoers, an attempt to normalize the precarious economic situation by controlling prices and wages, and to prepare a census of the Behetrías (communities with the right to choose their own lord) which resulted in the drafting of the Becerro de las Behetrías de Castilla, a detailed account of these communities and of their respective lords.{{Sfn|Valdeón Baruque|2002|pp= 61-62}} He also played a key role in arranging the marriage of young King Peter I with Blanche, daughter of Peter I, Duke of Bourbon, with the aim bolstering the relationship between the kingdoms of Castile and France and was the best man at the wedding ceremony on 3 June 1353 at the Collegiate Church of Santa María la Mayor in Valladolid.{{Sfn|Valdeón Baruque|2002|pp= 64-67}} Fall from grace and deathAlbuquerque's policies, favorable to an alliance with France, together with his excessive influence in the affairs of the court, eventually distanced him from the king, who began to consider an approach to England. Fearing the royal ire, Albuquerque retired to his properties in Extremadura and then returned to Portugal. King Peter replaced the men who had been closest to Alburquerque with the kinsmen and friends of his mistress María de Padilla.{{Sfn|Valdeón Baruque|2002|pp= 67–68}} It was during this time that he reached an agreement with the future King Henry II of Castile, who had formed a coalition with other noblemen to fight against his half-brother King Peter I. According to the Chronicle of Pero López de Ayala, "he met with Don Enrique and with the Grand Master of the Order of Santiago Fadrique, and the three of them reached an agreement", after which they went to Alburquerque, ravaged the lands of Badajoz and occupied Ciudad Rodrigo.{{Sfn|Valdeón Baruque|2002|pp= 68 and 119-120}} A few days after the successful occupation of Medina del Campo by the rebels, João Afonso de Albuquerque died suddenly in that city in 1354, most probably poisoned, according to Pero López de Ayala, by a physician, following the orders of King Peter I, who gave him a poisonous potion.{{Sfn|Valdeón Baruque|2002|pp= 70–71}} BurialAfter his death, the King's rivals carried his coffin throughout the kingdom and they did not bury him until King Peter I was defeated. His final resting place was the Monastery of Santa María de la Santa Espina in the province of Valladolid where his wife and their only son were subsequently buried.{{Sfn|Valdeón Baruque|2002|p= 71}} Marriage and issueBetween 1323 and 1324, he married his cousin Isabel Téllez de Meneses, the tenth Lady of Meneses,{{Sfn|Sotto Mayor Pizarro|1987|p= 231}}{{Sfn|Sotto Mayor Pizarro|1997|p= 193, Vol. I}}{{Sfn|Reglero de la Fuente|2001|p= 125}} and daughter of Tello Alfonso de Meneses and Maria of Portugal, granddaughter of Afonso III of Portugal.{{Sfn|Sotto Mayor Pizarro|1987|p= 255}} One son was born of this marriage:
João Afonso de Albuquerque had several children out of wedlock with Maria Rodrigues Barba, daughter of Rui Martins Barba and Iria Martins Alardo:{{Sfn|Sotto Mayor Pizarro|1987|pp= 232 and 291}}
He had another son with María Gil:
Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^[https://books.google.es/books?id=1oHl9BIf72gC&pg=PA26&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false «Decree issued by John II of Portugal legitimizing Pedro Gil de Alburquerque, son of João Afonso de Alburquerque and María Gil, grandson of Afonso Sanches»] Salazar y Castro Collection, Spanish Royal Academy of History, Ref. D-16, f. 85. Bibliography{{refbegin}}
6 : 1305 births|1354 deaths|House of Burgundy|Portuguese nobility|14th-century Portuguese people|People from Lisbon |
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