| 词条 | Samut Prakan Province | |||||
| 释义 |
| native_name = สมุทรปราการ | native_name_lang = th | settlement_type = Province | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = Wat Phra Samut Chedi | nickname = | motto = | image_flag = Flag of Samut Prakan Province.png | image_seal = Samutphakhan.png | image_map = Thailand Samut Prakan locator map.svg | mapsize = frameless | map_alt = ! Nasa map worlds | map_caption = Map of Thailand highlighting Samut Prakan Province | latd = |latm = |lats = | longd = |longm = |longs = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Thailand | seat_type = Capital | seat = Mueang Samut Prakan | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 1,004.1 | area_rank = Ranked 70th | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 1,310,766[1] | population_as_of = | population_rank = Ranked 18th | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_rank = Ranked 3rd | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = ICT | utc_offset1 = +7 | iso_code = TH-11 | website = {{URL|http://www.samutprakan.go.th}} | footnotes = }} Samut Prakan ({{lang-th|สมุทรปราการ}}, {{IPA-th|sāmùt prāːkāːn|pron|Th-Samut Prakan.ogg}}) is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand, established by the Act Establishing Changwat Samut Prakan, Changwat Nonthaburi, Changwat Samut Sakhon and Changwat Nakhon Nayok, Buddhist Era 2489 (1946), which came into force 9 March 1946. It is part of the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. Neighbouring provinces are Bangkok, to the north and west, and Chachoengsao to the east. Suvarnabhumi Airport is in the Bang Phli District of Samut Prakan Province. HistoryThe province was created during the Ayutthaya period, with its administrative centre at Prapadaeng. It was the sea port of Siam, and was secured with forts, town moats, and town walls. King Rama II started the building of the new centre at Samut Prakan in 1819, after his predecessor King Taksin had abandoned the town fortifications. Altogether six forts were built on both sides of the Chao Phraya River, and on an island in the river the pagoda, Phra Samut Chedi, was erected. These were involved in the Paknam incident of 13 July 1893, which ended the Franco-Siamese War with a French naval blockade of Bangkok. Of the original six forts only two still exist today, Phi Sua Samut and Phra Chulachomklao. EtymologyIn Thai the word samut is from Sanskrit, samudra, meaning "ocean" or "sea", and the word prakan is from Sanskrit, prākāra, meaning "fortress", "walls", or "stronghold". GeographyPak Nam and Paknam redirect here Samut Prakan is at the mouth of the Chao Phraya River on the Gulf of Thailand. Thus the province is also sometimes called Pak Nam (ปากน้ำ), the Thai word for the mouth of a river. The part of the province on the west side of the river consists mostly of rice paddies and shrimp farms as well as mangrove forests, while the eastern part is the urban centre, including industrial factories. It is part of the Bangkok metropolis. The urbanization on both sides of the provincial boundary is identical. The province has a coastline of approximately 47.2 kilometres. Paknam incidentSamut Prakan is the location of a skirmish between French and Siamese forces on 13 July 1893 subsequently referred to as the Paknam Incident. This battle resulted in a French victory and the signing of the Franco-Siamese Treaty of 3 October 1893 which ceded territory east of the Mekong River to France, territory that forms much of modern Laos. SymbolsThe provincial seal shows the temple Phra Samut Chedi, the most important site of Buddhist worship in the province. The provincial tree is Thespesia populnea. The provincial slogan is Marine Battle Fortresses, Chedi in the Water, Crocodile Farm, Exquisite Ancient City, Phra Pradaeng Songkran Festival, Tasty Dried Snakeskin Gourami, Rap Bua Festival, Industrial Estate Administrative divisionsThe province is divided into six districts (amphoe). The districts are further subdivided into 50 sub-districts (tambon) and 396 villages (muban). There is one city (thesaban nakhon), three towns (thesaban mueang) and 13 sub-district municipalities (thesaban tambon). For national elections the province is divided into three voting districts, one represented by three assemblymen and the other two each by two assemblymen.
Suvarnabhumi AirportSuvarnabhumi Airport ({{RTGS|Suwannaphum}}; {{IPA-th|sù.wān.ná.pʰūːm}}[2]) {{airport codes|BKK|VTBS}}, also known as (New) Bangkok International Airport, is one of two international airports serving Bangkok. The other one is Don Mueang International Airport.[3][4] Suvarnabhumi covers an area of {{convert|3,240|hectare|abbr=on}}. The airport is on what had formerly been known as Nong Nguhao (Cobra Swamp) in Racha Thewa in Bang Phli, Samut Prakan Province, about {{convert|25|km}} east of downtown Bangkok. The terminal building was designed by Helmut Jahn of Murphy / Jahn Architects. It was constructed primarily by ITO JV. The airport has the world's tallest free-standing control tower ({{convert|132.2|m|ft|disp=or}}), and the world's fourth largest single-building airport terminal ({{convert|563000|m2|disp=or}}). Suvarnabhumi is the twentieth busiest airport in the world, sixth busiest airport in Asia, and the busiest in the country, having handled 53 million passengers in 2012,[5] and is also a major air cargo hub, with a total of 95 airlines. On social networks, Suvarnabhumi was the world's most popular site for taking Instagram photographs in 2012.[6] The airport inherited the airport code, BKK, from Don Mueang after the older airport ceased international commercial flights. The modern Motorway 7 connects the airport, Bangkok, and the heavily industrial eastern seaboard of Thailand, where most export manufacturing takes place. Bhumibol BridgeThe Bhumibol Bridge ({{lang-th|สะพานภูมิพล}}), also known as the Industrial Ring Road Bridge ({{lang-th|สะพานวงแหวนอุตสาหกรรม}}) is part of the 13 km long Industrial Ring Road connecting southern Bangkok with Samut Prakan Province. The bridge crosses the Chao Phraya River twice, with two striking cable-stayed spans of lengths of 702 m and 582 m supported by two diamond-shaped pylons 173 m and 164 m high. Where the two spans meet, another road rises to join them at a free-flowing interchange suspended 50 metres above the ground. The bridge opened for traffic on 20 September 2006, before the official opening date of 5 December 2006. It is part of the Bangkok Industrial Ring Road, a royal scheme initiated by King Bhumibol Adulyadej that aims to solve traffic problems within Bangkok and surrounding areas, especially the industrial area around Khlong Toei Port, Southern Bangkok, and Samut Prakan Province. According to tradition, all the bridges over the Chao Phraya in Bangkok are named after a member of the royal family.{{citation needed|date=July 2014}} In October 2009, it was announced that both bridges would be named after King Bhumibol Adulyadej,[7] with the northern bridge officially named "Bhumibol 1 Bridge" and the southern bridge "Bhumibol 2 Bridge".[8] The unofficial name "Mega Bridge" was also widely used.[9] The structure of the Bhumibol Bridge consists of two parts:
EconomyNissan and Honda have automobile factories in the province. Nissan produces hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) based on its e-Power technology and batteries for electric vehicles at a plant in Bang Sao Thong District. It has a production capacity of 370,000 vehicles a year. Honda produces hybrid electric vehicles and batteries for electric vehicles, at its factories in Prachin Buri and Ayutthaya. Honda's Prachin Buri factory has an annual capacity of 120,000 units.[10]GalleryReferences1. ^{{cite web|title=Population of the Kingdom|url=http://stat.bora.dopa.go.th/stat/statnew/statTDD/views/showDistrictData.php?rcode=11&statType=1&year=60|website=Department of Provincial Affairs (DOPA) Thailand|accessdate=4 Apr 2018|language=Thai|date=2017-12-31}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=How to pronounce Suvarnabhumi Airport|url=https://forvo.com/word/th/suvarnabhumi_airport/#th|website=Forvo|accessdate=5 March 2017}} 3. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/local/299677/don-mueang-to-be-city-budget-air-hub|title=Don Mueang to be city budget air hub|publisher=Bangkok Post|accessdate=2 July 2013}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/business/AirAsia-to-shift-to-Don-Mueang-by-Oct-30184904-showAds1.html|title=AirAsia to shift to Don Mueang|accessdate=2 July 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029183951/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/business/AirAsia-to-shift-to-Don-Mueang-by-Oct-30184904-showAds1.html|archivedate=29 October 2013|df=}} 5. ^2011 Statistics {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127084310/http://www.airportthai.co.th/th/irweb/thai/investor_th.html |date=27 November 2011 }} 6. ^Bangkok Post, "Suvarnabhumi, Paragon top Instagram places list". Bangkok Post, 29 December 2012. 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/breakingnews/30114975/Bridges-named-after-His-Majesty |title=Bridges Named After His Majesty |work=The Nation |date= |accessdate=2012-09-19 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091024050040/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/breakingnews/30114975/Bridges-named-after-His-Majesty |archivedate=2009-10-24 |df= }} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.paknam.com/latest-news/bhumibol-bridge-in-samut-prakan.html |title=Bhumibol Bridge in Samut Prakan สะพานภูมิพล - Samut Prakan (Paknam) จังหวัดสมุทรปราการ เมืองปากน้ำ |publisher=Paknam |date=2009-10-21 |accessdate=2012-09-19 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625204127/http://www.paknam.com/latest-news/bhumibol-bridge-in-samut-prakan.html |archivedate=2012-06-25 |df= }} 9. ^"Bangkok's Mega-Bridge" {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061126172345/http://2bangkok.com/2bangkok/Bridge/wongwein/wongwein.shtml |date=November 26, 2006 }} on 2bangkok.com, with many photos of the construction process. The author tentatively claims to have originated the name 'Mega-Bridge'. 10. ^{{cite news |last1=Theparat |first1=Chatrudee |last2=Maikaew |first2=Piyachart |title=BoI gives blessing to B30bn in plans |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/news/1510222/boi-gives-blessing-to-b30bn-in-plans |accessdate=26 July 2018 |work=Bangkok Post |date=26 July 2018}} External links{{Portal|Thailand}}
|Centre = Samut Prakan Province |North = |Northeast = Chachoengsao Province |East = |Southeast = |South = Bight of Bangkok |Southwest = |West = |Northwest = Bangkok }}{{Provinces of Thailand}}{{coord|13|35|58|N|100|35|48|E|type:adm1st_region:TH|display=title}} 5 : Samut Prakan Province|Provinces of Thailand|Chao Phraya River|Bay of Bangkok|Gulf of Thailand |
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