| 词条 | Samzhubzê District | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = {{raise|0.2em|Samzhubzê}} | official_name = | native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|桑珠孜区}}}} • {{bo-textonly|བསམ་འགྲུབ་རྩེ་ཆུས།}}}} | other_name = | settlement_type = District | image_skyline = Shigatse2.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Samzhubzê in 2009 | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Tibet | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Tibet Autonomous Region | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = People's Republic of China | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = Tibet Autonomous Region | subdivision_type2 = Prefecture-level city | subdivision_name2 = Xigazê | subdivision_type3 = Township-level divisions | subdivision_name3 = 12 | seat = Chengbei Subdistrict | leader_title = | leader_name = | established_title = | established_date = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 3654.18 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | population_as_of = 2013 | population_note = | population_total = 117000 | population_metro = | population_density_km2 = auto | area_footnotes = [1] | population_footnotes = [2] | timezone = CST | utc_offset = +8 | coor_pinpoint = Xigazê government | coordinates = {{coord|29.267|N|88.880|E|type:adm3rd_region:CN-54_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}} | elevation_m = 3836 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 857000 | area_code = 0892 | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = | footnotes = }}{{Infobox Chinese |t = 桑珠孜區 |s = 桑珠孜区 |psp = Samdruptse |p = Sāngzhūzī |tib = {{bo-textonly|བསམ་འགྲུབ་རྩེ་ཆུས་}} |wylie = bsam-'grub-rtse chus |zwpy = Samzhubzêqü |lhasa = sə́mʈ͡ʂupt͡si tɕʰŷː |showflag = p |order = st }} Samzhubzê District (also spelled Sangzhuzi District, Samdruptse District) is a district in the Tibet Autonomous Region of the China, and the administrative center of the prefecture-level city of Shigatse (Tibetan Pinyin: Xigazê). Prior to 2014 it was known as the county-level city of Shigatse. It was the ancient capital of Ü-Tsang province and is the second largest city in Tibet with an estimated population of 117,000 in 2013. Samzhubzê is located at the confluence of the Yarlung Tsangpo River and the Nyang River (Nyang Chu or Nyanchue), about {{convert|250|km|abbr=on}} southwest of Lhasa and {{convert|90|km|abbr=on}} northwest of Gyantse, at an altitude of {{convert|3840|m}}. HistoryIn the 17th century, the city and the dzong was called Samdrubtsé (one of the transliterations of the current name). It was the capital of the Tsang. In the 19th century, the "Tashi" or Panchen Lama had temporal power over Tashilhunpo Monastery and three small districts, though not over the town of Shigatse itself, which was administered by two Dzongpön (Prefects) appointed from Lhasa.[3] Before military conflict between the PRC's People's Liberation Army and the then Tibetan Govt., the Tibetan territory was divided into 53 prefecture districts called Dzongs.[4] There were two Dzongpöns for every Dzong—a lama (Tse-dung) and a layman. They were entrusted with both civil and military powers and are equal in all respects, though subordinate to the generals and the Chinese Amban in military matters.[5] However, there were only one or two Ambans representing the Qing (Manchu) Chinese emperor residing in Lhasa, directing a little garrison, and their power installed since 1728, progressively declined to end-up as observer at the eve of their expulsion in 1912 by the 13th Dalai Lama.[4] In 1952, shortly after the PRC sent forces to the region, Shigatse had a population of perhaps 12,000 people, making it the second largest town in Tibet.[6] In 1959, Shigatse was made the administrative center of an eponymous special district ({{lang|zh-hans|专区}}) of Tibet. In 1970 the special district was upgraded to a prefecture and the town designated a county. In 1986 the county became a county-level city, and when the prefecture was again upgraded to a prefecture-level city in 2014, the county-level city was redesignated a district and given the new name of Samzhubzê.[7] Geography and climateSamzhubzê lies on flat terrain surrounded by high mountains, and the urban area is located just south of the Yarlung Zangbo River. The city lies at an elevation of around {{convert|3840|m}}, and within its administrative area there are five peaks higher than {{convert|5500|m}}.[8] The city's administrative area ranges in latitude from 29° 07' to 29° 09' N and in longitude from 88° 03' to 89° 08' E. Samzhubzê has a monsoon-influenced, alpine version of a humid continental climate (Köppen Dwb), with frosty, very dry winters and warm, wet summers. Temperatures are relatively moderate for the Tibetan Plateau, as the annual mean temperature is {{convert|6.48|°C|1}}.[1] Barely any precipitation falls from November to March, when the diurnal temperature variation can frequently exceed {{convert|20|C-change|0}}. Nearly two-thirds of the annual rainfall occurs in July and August alone. Sunshine is abundant year-round, totaling 3248 hours annually.[8] {{Weather box|metric first=y |single line=y |location = Samzhubzê (1971–2000) |Jan record high C = 18.6 |Feb record high C = 18.8 |Mar record high C = 22.9 |Apr record high C = 23.9 |May record high C = 28.5 |Jun record high C = 28.2 |Jul record high C = 28.2 |Aug record high C = 26.2 |Sep record high C = 24.4 |Oct record high C = 22.2 |Nov record high C = 21.1 |Dec record high C = 17.3 |year record high C = |Jan high C = 6.2 |Feb high C = 8.3 |Mar high C = 11.9 |Apr high C = 15.5 |May high C = 19.5 |Jun high C = 22.3 |Jul high C = 21.3 |Aug high C = 20.2 |Sep high C = 19.1 |Oct high C = 16.1 |Nov high C = 11.0 |Dec high C = 7.2 |year high C= 14.9 |Jan mean C = -3.2 |Feb mean C = -0.1 |Mar mean C = 3.9 |Apr mean C = 7.6 |May mean C = 11.3 |Jun mean C = 14.5 |Jul mean C = 14.2 |Aug mean C = 13.3 |Sep mean C = 11.7 |Oct mean C = 6.9 |Nov mean C = 0.7 |Dec mean C = -3.1 |year mean C= 6.5 |Jan low C = −12.6 |Feb low C = −9.3 |Mar low C = −4.7 |Apr low C = −0.5 |May low C = 3.5 |Jun low C = 7.6 |Jul low C = 8.8 |Aug low C = 8.2 |Sep low C = 5.8 |Oct low C = −1.2 |Nov low C = −8.3 |Dec low C = −12.1 |year low C= −1.2 |Jan record low C = −21.3 |Feb record low C = −19.4 |Mar record low C = −14.4 |Apr record low C = −9.5 |May record low C = −4.9 |Jun record low C = 0.6 |Jul record low C = 2.2 |Aug record low C = 0.5 |Sep record low C = −1.6 |Oct record low C = −9.8 |Nov record low C = −15.5 |Dec record low C = −18.6 |year record low C= |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = .4 |Feb precipitation mm = .2 |Mar precipitation mm = .6 |Apr precipitation mm = 2.1 |May precipitation mm = 18.7 |Jun precipitation mm = 64.0 |Jul precipitation mm = 129.6 |Aug precipitation mm = 152.3 |Sep precipitation mm = 56.2 |Oct precipitation mm = 5.4 |Nov precipitation mm = .9 |Dec precipitation mm = 0 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = .2 |Feb precipitation days = .5 |Mar precipitation days = .7 |Apr precipitation days = 2.2 |May precipitation days = 6.4 |Jun precipitation days = 12.4 |Jul precipitation days = 18.8 |Aug precipitation days = 20.8 |Sep precipitation days = 13.0 |Oct precipitation days = 2.2 |Nov precipitation days = .4 |Dec precipitation days = .1 |source 1 = Weather China |date=June 2011}} Administrative divisionsShigatse administers two subdistricts and ten townships.[1]
TashilhunpoSamzhubzê contains the huge Tashilhunpo Monastery, founded in 1447 by Gendun Drup, the First Dalai Lama.[10] It is the traditional seat of the Panchen Lamas. Until the Chinese arrived in the 1950s, the "Tashi" or Panchen Lama had temporal power over three small districts, though not over Samzhubzê itself, which was administered by a dzongpön (general) appointed from Lhasa.[3] In the 2nd week of the 5th lunar month (around June/July), Tashilhunpo Monastery is the scene of a 3-day festival and a huge thangka is displayed.[11] The imposing castle, Samdrubtse Dzong or "Shigatse Dzong", was probably built in the 15th century. It looked something like a smaller version of the Potala Palace in Lhasa, and had turret-like fortifications at the ends and a central Red Palace. It used to be the seat of the kings of Ü-Tsang and the capital of the province of Ü-Tsang or Tsang.[12] The castle was totally dismantled, rock by rock, by hundreds of Tibetans at the instigation of the Chinese in 1961.[13][14] Between 2005 and 2007, the building was reconstructed, financed by donations from Shanghai. Old photographs served as a basis for the reconstruction, which was executed in concrete.[15] Afterwards, the exterior was to be wainscotted with natural stones. The dzong, which in the 17th century served as a model for the construction of the Potala Palace, is set to become a museum for Tibetan culture.{{Citation needed|date=February 2009}} Nearby attractions include:
Infrastructure and transport
ReferencesCitations1. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325094311/http://www.xzqh.org/html/2008/0617/20313.html |script-title=zh:日喀则市 |publisher=XZQH.org |accessdate=26 May 2011}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.askci.com/finance/2015/02/04/1816170zgi.shtml |script-title=zh:西藏日喀则市桑珠孜区国家新型城镇化综合试点工作方案要点| language = zh-hans |trans-title=Summary report on the National New Comprehensive Urbanization Pilot Study in Samzhubzê District, Xigazê, Xizang |publisher=askci Corporation (中商情报网) |accessdate=23 April 2015}} 3. ^1 Chapman, Spencer F. (1940). Lhasa: The Holy City, p. 141. Readers Union Ltd., London. 4. ^1 Le Tibet, Marc Moniez, Christian Deweirdt, Monique Masse, Éditions de l'Adret, Paris, 1999, {{ISBN|2-907629-46-8}} 5. ^Das, Sarat Chandra. (1902). Lhasa and Central Tibet. Reprint (1988): Mehra Offset Press, Delhi, p. 176. 6. ^Richardson (1984), p. 7. 7. ^{{cite web |last = Li |first = Zhe |script-title=zh:西藏日喀则成为中国最年轻地级市 |url = http://news.china.com.cn/txt/2014-07/14/content_32937772.htm |website = news.china.com.cn |publisher = China Internet Information Center |accessdate = 13 July 2014 }} 8. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.tibetinfor.com.cn/web/gymcrkz/rkzs/2008020089295402.htm |script-title=zh:日喀则市概况 |website=tibetinfor.com.cn}}{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721141203/http://www.tibetinfor.com.cn/web/gymcrkz/rkzs/2008020089295402.htm |date=21 July 2011 }}. Accessed 26 May 2011. 9. ^{{cite book| author1=Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China| author2=Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China | script-title=zh:中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料|date=2012|publisher=China Statistics Print|location=Beijing|isbn=978-7-5037-6660-2|edition=1}} 10. ^Chö Yang: The Voice of Tibetan Religion and Culture. (1991) Year of Tibet Edition, p.79. Gangchen Kyishong, Dharmasala, H.P., India. 11. ^"Introducing Shigatse." 12. ^Mayhew, Bradley and Kohn, Michael. (2005). Tibet, p. 172. 6th Edition. Lonely Planet Publications. {{ISBN|978-1-74059-523-0}}. 13. ^Tibet: a travel survival kit, p. 168. (1986). Michael Buckley and Robert Strauss. Lonely Planet Publications, South Yarra, Vic., Australia. {{ISBN|0-908086-88-1}}. 14. ^Tibet: A Fascinating Look at the Roof of the World, Its People and Culture, p. 115. (1982). Elisabeth B. Booz. Passport Books. 15. ^Cp. Shigatse Dzong https://www.flickr.com/photos/anyongfu/744385254/ 16. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/28/world/asia/28briefs-RAILWAY.html "China: Building Starts on Rail Line to Tibet"] article by Andrew Jacobs in The New York Times 27 September 2010, accessed 28 September 2010 17. ^http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90882/7184049.html Sources
External links{{Commons category|Shigatse}}
3 : Populated places in Tibet|Shigatse|Populated places in Shigatse |
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