“San Bernardino National Forest”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The San Bernardino National Forest is a United States National Forest in Southern California encompassing {{convert|823,816|acre|km2}} of which {{convert|677,982|acres|km2}} are federal.^[1] The forest is made up of two main divisions, the eastern portion of the San Gabriel Mountains and the San Bernardino Mountains on the easternmost of the Transverse Ranges, and the San Jacinto and Santa Rosa Mountains on the northernmost of the Peninsular Ranges. Elevations range from 2,000 to 11,499 feet (600 to 3505 m). The forest includes seven wilderness areas^[2]: San Gorgonio, Cucamonga, San Jacinto, South Fork San Jacinto, Santa Rosa, Cahuilla Mountain and Bighorn Mountain. Forest headquarters are located in the city of San Bernardino. There are district offices in Lytle Creek, Idyllwild, and Fawnskin.

This site was the filming location for Daniel Boone in 1936; part of the 1969 musical film Paint Your Wagon was shot here.

Free camping is available at 47 different 'Yellow Post' campsites located throughout the forest.

Geography

According to United States Geological Survey maps of the forest, it consists of two large areas or tracts: a northern and southern portion.

The west border of the forest adjoins Angeles National Forest and runs north-south about ten miles west of Interstate 15. At its widest parts, the northern portion of the forest runs about {{convert|57|mi|-1}} on an east–west dimension. It runs about {{convert|24|mi|-1}} on a north–south dimension. This portion of the forest encompasses the San Bernardino Mountains. The area extends west of Mount San Antonio and Wrightwood in San Bernardino County. The eastern portion of the forest extends about ten miles east of Big Bear City and includes the San Gorgonio Wilderness. The southernmost portion is bisected by the Riverside County line and borders the Morongo Indian Reservation north of Cabazon.

At its widest point, the southern portion is about {{convert|27|mi|-1}} on a north-south dimension and about {{convert|30|mi|-1}} on an east-west dimension. Toro Peak and the Santa Rosa Indian Reservation are near the south extent. At the north is Snow Creek Village and the Morongo Indian Reservation. Mount San Jacinto State Wilderness is carved out of the southern portion. The community of Idyllwild is surrounded by national forest lands.

While most National Forests include lumber resources, these two areas also include:

The two tallest waterfalls in Southern California, Big Falls and Bonita Falls, are located in the San Bernardino National Forest.

Wilderness areas

There are seven official wilderness areas lying within San Bernardino National Forest that are part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. One extends into neighboring Angeles National Forest and three into land that is managed by the Bureau of Land Management (as indicated).

Esperanza Fire

Firefighting aircraft operations

As of 2001, eight Air Tactical Group Supervisors (ATGSs) work out of the Forest Supervisor's Office in San Bernardino. This position requires completion of an 80-hour CDF/Forest Service attack management course. A Helicopter Coordinator (J-374) course is recommended.^[6]

Vegetation

There are many different species of trees, many coniferous, that grow in the mountains. Pines, such as ponderosa pine, Jeffrey pine, sugar pine, Coulter pine, lodgepole pine, single-leaf pinyon, and knobcone pine all thrive here. Other coniferous trees, such as white fir, bigcone Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga macrocarpa), incense cedar, and western juniper also thrive here. Canyon live oak, California black oak, and Pacific dogwood are other trees that also grow here. The forest contains an estimated {{convert|87400|acre|km2}} of old growth. The most common old-growth forest types are Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forests, white fir (Abies concolor) forests, Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) forests, and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests.^[7]

See also

References

1. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://www.fs.fed.us/land/staff/lar/LAR2011/LAR2011_Book_A5.pdf |title=Land Areas of the National Forest System |publisher=U.S. Forest Service |accessdate=2012-03-20}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.fs.usda.gov/main/sbnf/about-forest|title=About the Forest|last=|first=|date=|website=San Bernardino National Forest|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123172503/http://www.fs.usda.gov/main/sbnf/about-forest|archive-date=2011-11-23|dead-url=yes|access-date=}}
3. ^¹Anthony, Craig E., Unit Chief, Riverside Unit Fire Management Plan 2005, (Perris, California: California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, Riverside Unit, 2005.)
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.fire.ca.gov/fire_protection/downloads/esperanza_00_complete_final_draft_05_01_2007.pdf |title=Esperanza Fire, Accident Investigation and Factual Report |publisher=California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection |accessdate=2013-02-10}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.usda.gov/oig/webdocs/Esperanza%20Fire%20-%20ROI.pdf |title=Esperanza fire fatality investigation |publisher=Office Of Inspector General-Investigations, USDA |accessdate=2013-02-10}}
6. ^Region 5 Air Tactical and Forest Aviation Management Program: Strategic Plan, Fiscal Year 2002, (San Francisco: USDA, US Forest Service Region 5, 2001).
7. ^{{Citation | last1 = Warbington | first1 = Ralph | last2 = Beardsley | first2 = Debby | year = 2002 | title = 2002 Estimates of Old Growth Forests on the 18 National Forests of the Pacific Southwest Region | url = http://www.fs.fed.us/r5/rsl/publications/oldgrowth/oldgrowth2002.html | publisher = United States Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region}}

Yellow Post Camp Site Info Dated Feb 2014 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yellow_camp_site_info_big_bear.pdf

External links