| 词条 | San Bernardino Pass |
| 释义 |
| name = San Bernardino Pass | other_name= {{lang-it|Passo del San Bernardino}} {{lang-de|Bernhardinpass}} | photo = Sbernardinopass.PNG | photo_caption = Summit of San Bernardino pass | elevation_m = 2066 | elevation_ref = [1] | traversed = Road | location = Graubünden, Switzerland | range = Lepontine Alps | map = Switzerland | map_caption = Location in Switzerland | coords = {{coord|46|29|46|N|9|10|15|E|type:pass_region:CH-GR|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | topo = Swiss Federal Office of Topography swisstopo }} San Bernardino Pass ({{lang-it|Passo del San Bernardino}}, {{lang-de|Bernhardinpass}}, {{convert|2066|m}}) is a high mountain pass in the Swiss Alps connecting the Hinterrhein and the Mesolcina (Misox) valleys between Thusis (canton of Graubünden) and Bellinzona (canton of Ticino). Located in the far eastern side of the Western Alps it is not to be confused with the Great St Bernard Pass and the Little St Bernard Pass. The top of the pass represents both the Italo-German language frontier and the watershed (drainage divide) between the Po basin and the Rhine basin. The route first became important as a mule track in the fifteenth century when the route between Thusis and Splügen was known as the Via Mala. A road for wheeled vehicles was opened in 1770; this road was significantly improved between 1821 and 1823, financed in part by the Kingdom of Sardinia, keen to improve a trade route connecting Genoa and Piedmont to the Graubünden that was not directly controlled by Austria. Traffic flow was much facilitated when in 1967, the San Bernardino road tunnel was completed, since then vehicle traffic on the pass has been reduced, benefiting those taking the time to avoid the tunnel. The pass road is only open in summer. ClimateThe average climatic conditions for San Bernardino village at the entry point to the San Bernardino tunnel at {{convert|1639|m|ft|abbr=on}} are given in the following chart. {{Weather box|location = S. Bernardino village (1981-2010) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes | Jan high C = 0.6 | Feb high C = 0.7 | Mar high C = 3.2 | Apr high C = 5.8 | May high C = 10.8 | Jun high C = 15.1 | Jul high C = 17.8 | Aug high C = 17.2 | Sep high C = 13.2 | Oct high C = 9.2 | Nov high C = 3.8 | Dec high C = 1.0 | year high C = 8.2 | Jan mean C = -3.6 | Feb mean C = -3.6 | Mar mean C = -0.9 | Apr mean C = 1.9 | May mean C = 6.5 | Jun mean C = 10.5 | Jul mean C = 13.0 | Aug mean C = 12.4 | Sep mean C = 8.9 | Oct mean C = 4.9 | Nov mean C = 0.0 | Dec mean C = -3.0 | year mean C = 3.9 | Jan low C = -7.6 | Feb low C = -7.5 | Mar low C = -4.7 | Apr low C = -1.5 | May low C = 2.6 | Jun low C = 6.0 | Jul low C = 8.3 | Aug low C = 8.1 | Sep low C = 5.0 | Oct low C = 1.3 | Nov low C = -3.3 | Dec low C = -6.5 | year low C = 0.0 |precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 89 | Feb precipitation mm = 62 | Mar precipitation mm = 95 | Apr precipitation mm = 171 | May precipitation mm = 216 | Jun precipitation mm = 188 | Jul precipitation mm = 188 | Aug precipitation mm = 193 | Sep precipitation mm = 202 | Oct precipitation mm = 182 | Nov precipitation mm = 162 | Dec precipitation mm = 105 | year precipitation mm = 1854 | Jan snow cm = 95.3 | Feb snow cm = 77.8 | Mar snow cm = 76.4 | Apr snow cm = 92.8 | May snow cm = 13.6 | Jun snow cm = 0.5 | Jul snow cm = 0 | Aug snow cm = 0 | Sep snow cm = 1.4 | Oct snow cm = 9.9 | Nov snow cm = 64.6 | Dec snow cm = 89.4 | year snow cm = 521.7 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm | Jan precipitation days = 7.5 | Feb precipitation days = 6.7 | Mar precipitation days = 8.5 | Apr precipitation days = 11.2 | May precipitation days = 14.7 | Jun precipitation days = 12.0 | Jul precipitation days = 11.5 | Aug precipitation days = 12.4 | Sep precipitation days = 10.1 | Oct precipitation days = 10.7 | Nov precipitation days = 9.4 | Dec precipitation days = 8.2 | year precipitation days = 122.9 |unit snow days = 1.0 cm | Jan snow days = 8.9 | Feb snow days = 7.5 | Mar snow days = 7.4 | Apr snow days = 8 | May snow days = 1.8 | Jun snow days = 0.1 | Jul snow days = 0 | Aug snow days = 0 | Sep snow days = 0.2 | Oct snow days = 1.6 | Nov snow days = 6.9 | Dec snow days = 8.6 | year snow days = 51 | Jan humidity = 63 | Feb humidity = 64 | Mar humidity = 65 | Apr humidity = 71 | May humidity = 74 | Jun humidity = 71 | Jul humidity = 71 | Aug humidity = 73 | Sep humidity = 75 | Oct humidity = 76 | Nov humidity = 71 | Dec humidity = 68 | year humidity = 70 | Jan sun = 101 | Feb sun = 109 | Mar sun = 140 | Apr sun = 120 | May sun = 125 | Jun sun = 150 | Jul sun = 172 | Aug sun = 159 | Sep sun = 138 | Oct sun = 114 | Nov sun = 88 | Dec sun = 88 | year sun = 1504 |source 1 = MeteoSwiss [2] |date=August 2010 }} See also
Bibliography
References1. ^Swisstopo maps 2. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/en/climate/swiss_climate/tabellen.html |title = Climate Norm Value Tables |work = Climate diagrams and normals from Swiss measuring stations |publisher = Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss) |accessdate = 23 January 2013 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130514205349/http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/en/climate/swiss_climate/tabellen.html |archivedate = 14 May 2013 |df = }} The weather station elevation is 1638 meters above sea level. External links
5 : Mountain passes of Switzerland|Mountain passes of the Alps|Mountain passes of Graubünden|Roads in Switzerland|Lepontine Alps |
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