| 词条 | Sanda Island |
| 释义 |
|coordinates = {{coord|55.28|-5.58|display=inline}} |location_map=Scotland Argyll and Bute |caption=Sanda Island shown within Argyll and Bute |GridReference=NR730043 |celtic name=Sandaigh/?Abhainn |norse name=Sandey/Havn |meaning of name=Sandy Island (Norse) |area= {{convert|127|ha|sqmi}} |area rank=131 |highest elevation= {{convert|123|m|ft|0}} |main settlement= |island group=Firth of Clyde |local authority=Argyll and Bute |references=[1][2] }} Sanda Island ({{lang-gd|Sandaigh}}) is a small privately owned island in Argyll and Bute, Scotland, off the southern tip of the Kintyre peninsula, near Southend and Dunaverty Castle. On clear days Sanda can be seen from the southern tip of the Kintyre peninsula, from the Isle of Arran and from northeast County Antrim. It is known locally on Arran and on the Antrim coast as "Spoon Island"[3] because of its resemblance to an upturned spoon. PopulationBy 2008, the population of Sanda had trebled from the low figure reported in the 2001 census, when it was one of four Scottish islands with a population of just one person. However, since then there has been some development, and in 2008 the island had a population of 3.[4] In August 2008 the island was put up for sale by the husband and wife owners as a result of their separation at a price of £3.2 million, and in January 2009 they announced that a sole caretaker would be resident until spring viewings re-commenced.[5] The island was eventually sold to Swiss businessman Michi Meier for the reduced price of £2.5 million. The island's growth as a tourist destination may come to an end under the new owner who has stated that he wants the island for personal use.[6] By the time of the 2011 census, it had no usual residents.[7] WildlifeThe island is designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest for its importance for both migrating and breeding birds.[8] Sanda Bird Observatory was the first bird observatory to be set up on the west coast of Scotland.[9] The island is currently treeless, however, Wood Hill in the north west provides a tantalising clue that this was not always the case.[2] Geography and geologyAccording to Haswell-Smith, the island's geology is "lower old red sandstone in red and yellow varieties, and undifferentiated schists." [2] Sanda lies in the Straits of Moyle ({{lang-gd|Sruth na Maoile}}) between Scotland and Ireland. It is part of a mini-archipelago to the southeast of the Mull of Kintyre, at the far end of the Firth of Clyde. The other islands are Glunimore and Sheep Island, to the north east. Located on the north shore of Sanda is the Oitir Buidhe (yellow sand spit), a pronounced area of sand exposed at low tide, that has two slipways.[10] To the east there is also the notorious "ship catcher", Paterson's Reef.[2] The island has cliffs on most sides. There are caves on the west coast, and also a couple of natural arches, particularly near "the Ship" as the lighthouse is nicknamed. There are two main hills, in the north west and south east. In between them is a valley which has the double advantage of being sheltered from the prevailing winds and catching the heat of the sun.[2] HistoryThe island has connections with several well-known historical personages, including the Bruce family, Wallace and Saint Ninian, the first evangeliser north of Hadrian's Wall. The island is known for the ruins of a chapel built by Saint Ninian, for its Celtic crosses and its reputed holy well.[11] It is said that Ninian was buried here, and indeed, the island was in possession of the Priory of Whithorn in Galloway until the Reformation. It is said that Ninian's grave was marked by an alder tree, and that whoever stepped on it would die.[2] It was known as "Sandey" (sandy island) by the Norse. This probably refers to the Oitir Buidhe which lies on the north shore of Sanda facing Sheep Island. Another name that appears to have attached itself to the island is Havoin (and numerous variants such as "Aven", "Avona"), which was recorded amongst the "Danish" by Dean Monro in his 16th century Description of the Western Isles of Scotland. This is cognate with the English "haven", and probably refers to the anchorage on the north coast, alternatively, but much less likely, as Haswell-Smith suggests, this could also be a reference to the Scottish Gaelic "abhainn" which means a river.[2] In the Middle Ages, there was some association with the Bruce family, notably, Robert the Bruce and his brother Edward. Edward lends his name to "Prince Edward's Rock", which is just south of Sanda Lighthouse, and which is nothing to do with Bonnie Prince Charlie, as sometimes thought. Robert was once forced to flee there, en route to Ireland after being pursued by the English navy. He has been sheltering with sympathisers at nearby Dunaverty Castle, on Kintyre in 1306, but was forced to leave. He later sheltered at Rathlin Island, which is less than fifteen miles away, and which is where he was said to have seen the legendary spider in the cave.[2] In the south are "Wallace's Rocks" which may be linked in legend to William Wallace. In the later 16th and 17th centuries, the island was connected with the MacDonalds of Kintyre, who sided with Montrose Colkitto married a MacDonald of Sanda;[12] those MacDonalds were also caught up in related fighting from the 1630s onwards, and lost their position as a result of the Dunaverty Massacre.[13] The island has had a number of different owners in its history, including, in 1969, Jack Bruce of the rock group Cream. Lighthouse{{Infobox lighthouse| name = Sanda Lighthouse | image_name = Sandalighthouse.jpg | image_width = | caption = Sanda lighthouse, nicknamed "the Ship" | location = Sanda Island Mull of Kintyre Argyll and Bute Scotland United Kingdom | pushpin_map = Scotland | relief = 1 | pushpin_map_caption = Scotland | pushpin = lighthouse | coordinates = {{coord|55.274821|-5.582836|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | yearbuilt = 1850[14] | yearlit = | automated = | yeardeactivated = | foundation = | construction = masonry tower | shape = cylindrical tower with balcony and lantern attached to 1-storey keeper’s house | marking = white tower, black lantern, ochre trim | height = {{convert|15|m|ft}} | focalheight = {{convert|50|m|ft}} | lens = | currentlens = | lightsource = mains power | intensity = | range = {{convert|15|nmi}} | characteristic = Fl W 10s. | fogsignal = | racon = | admiralty = A4274 | canada = | NGA = 4248 | ARLHS = SCO-301 | USCG = | country = | countrynumber = | countrylink = | managingagent = Northern Lighthouse Board[15][16] | heritage = | module = }} At the southern tip of the island there is a lighthouse built in 1850 by Alan Stevenson. When seen from the sea to the south, the natural arch, and the lighthouse on the rock can look like a ship, hence its name "The Ship" on marine charts. Byron DarntonA pub was opened in 2003, named Byron Darnton after the vessel which wrecked on the island in 1946. The Byron Darnton was named after an American war correspondent whose son, John Darnton, also became a journalist and wrote of his visit to the island in 2005. StampsLocal stamps have been issued for Sanda since 1962. The stamps served the resident staff employed by the Northern Lighthouse Board, the owners and the many visitors to the island who wished to have their mail posted there, and carried to the nearest GPO post box on the mainland.[17] References1. ^Anderson, Joseph (Ed.) (1893) Orkneyinga Saga. Translated by Jón A. Hjaltalin & Gilbert Goudie. Edinburgh. James Thin and Mercat Press (1990 reprint). {{ISBN|0-901824-25-9}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{Haswell-Smith| 5-8}} 3. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.scotland-inverness.co.uk/arran.htm#kildonan| title=Isle of Arran| publisher=Internet Guide to Scotland| accessdate=7 October 2009}} 4. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.sanda-island.co.uk/level_one/welcome.html| title=Sanda Island| publisher=sanda-island.co.uk| accessdate=7 January 2009 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080804010440/http://www.sanda-island.co.uk/level_one/welcome.html |archivedate = 4 August 2008}} 5. ^{{cite news| title=Lone laird guards remote island| date=7 January 2009| location=Edinburgh| work=The Scotsman}} 6. ^{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/8590687.stm | work=BBC News | title=Tiny island group sells for £2.5m | date=27 March 2010}} 7. ^{{NRS1C}} 8. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.spanglefish.com/sandaislandbirdobservatory| title=Sanda Island Bird Observatory| publisher=| accessdate=7 October 2009}} 9. ^{{Dead link|url=http://www.sibo.abelgratis.co.uk/pages/home.html|date=October 2009}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/record/rcahms/259113/william-and-caroline-sanda-harbour-sanda-island-firth-clyde/rcahms|title=William and Caroline: Sanda Harbour, Sanda Island, Firth of Clyde|author=Scotland Places|access-date=11 January 2015}} 11. ^Reeves, William, 'On the Island of Sanda', paper read before the Royal Irish Academy on 14 April 1862 (Dublin: 1862) [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZWLjHAAACAAJ title] at google.com 12. ^{{cite web| url=http://stirnet.com/HTML/genie/british/mac/macdonald05.htm| title=MacDonald05| publisher=| accessdate=30 December 2009}}; but there are other theories. 13. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.kintyremag.co.uk/1998/16/page4.html| title=Sanda| author=Alastair Henderson| publisher=Kintyre Antiquarian & Natural History Society| date=30 April 1998| accessdate=7 October 2009}} 14. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.nlb.org.uk/ourlights/history/sanda.htm| title=Sanda Lighthouse| publisher=Northern Lighthouse Board| accessdate=13 October 2009}} 15. ^[https://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/sctw.htm Sanda] The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 12 May 2016 16. ^Sanda Northern Lighthouse Board. Retrieved 12 May 2016 17. ^{{cite news| title=Modern British Local Posts CD Catalogue, 2009 Edition| publisher=Phillips| year=2003| url=http://www.seahorsepublishers.com/phillipscatalogues.htm| accessdate=8 December 2008| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905071803/http://www.seahorsepublishers.com/phillipscatalogues.htm| archivedate=5 September 2008| df=dmy-all}} External links{{commons category|Sanda Island}}
5 : Islands of the Clyde|Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Kintyre|Bird observatories in Scotland|Islands of Argyll and Bute|Natural arches of Scotland |
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