| 词条 | Sandra Kalniete |
| 释义 |
|name = Sandra Kalniete |image = File:Kalniete Sandra 2014-02-05 2.jpg |caption = Kalniete in 2014 |office = Member of the European Parliament for Latvia |term_start = 14 July 2009 |term_end = |primeminister = |predecessor = |successor = |office1 = European Commissioner for Agriculture and Fisheries |president1 = Romano Prodi |term_start1 = 1 May 2004 |term_end1 = 11 November 2004 |predecessor1 = Franz Fischler |successor1 = Mariann Fischer Boel {{small|(Agriculture and Rural Development)}} Joe Borg {{small|(Fisheries and Maritime Affairs)}} |office2 = Minister of Foreign Affairs |primeminister2 = Einars Repše |term_start2 = 7 November 2002 |term_end2 = 9 March 2004 |predecessor2 = Indulis Bērziņš |successor2 = Rihards Pīks |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1952|12|22|df=y}} |birth_place = Togur, Soviet Union {{small|(now Russia)}} |death_date = |death_place = |party = Popular Front {{small|(Before 1993)}} New Era Party {{small|(2002–2008)}} Civic Union {{small|(2008–2011)}} Unity {{small|(2011–present)}} |alma_mater = Art Academy of Latvia University of Leeds University of Geneva | website = www.kalniete.lv }} Sandra Kalniete (born 22 December 1952) is a Latvian politician, author, diplomat and independence movement leader. She served as Foreign Minister of Latvia 2002–2004 and as European Commissioner for Agriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries in 2004. Since 2009, she has served as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the European People's Party. She is currently{{when|date=July 2016}} a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs (AFET) and a substitute member of the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development (AGRI). Additionally she is a member on the Delegation for relations with the countries of Southeast Asia and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and a substitute member on the Delegation to the EU-Ukraine Parliamentary Cooperation Committee and on the Delegation to the Euronest Parliamentary Assembly.[1] After her reelection in 2014 she became Vice-Chair of the Group of the European People's Party in the European Parliament. Kalniete is also the chairperson of the Reconciliation of European Histories Group, an all-party group in the European Parliament involved in promoting the Prague Process. The group includes 40 MEPs from across the political spectrum including the European People's Party, the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats, the Greens, and the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats.[2] She has previously served as Ambassador to the United Nations (1993–97), France (1997–2000) and UNESCO (2000–02). Beside her native Latvian language she is also fluent in English, French and Russian. BackgroundKalniete was born in Togur, Kolpashevsky District, Tomsk Oblast, Siberia, Russia, where her family had been deported from Latvia by the Soviet secret police during the occupation of her country by the Soviet Union, for use as slave labour. Her mother Ligita Kalniete (née Dreifelde, 1926-2006) was first deported together with her mother and father in 1941, after which Ligita returned in 1948, just to be deported again in 1949. Her father Aivars Kalnietis (born 1931) was deported together with his mother in 1949 as well.[3][4] She only saw her native country when she was five years old, when the family was allowed to return in 1957.[5] She studied art at the Latvian Academy of Art from 1977 to 1981 and worked as an art historian, publishing a book, Latvian Textile Art, in 1989. She joined politics in 1988, during Latvia's independence movement, and was a deputy chairwoman and one of the founders of Latvian Popular Front, the main pro-independence political organization. Ms. Kalniete has graduated from the Department of Art History and Art Theory at the Art Academy of Latvia (1981), the Institute for International Studies at the University of Leeds (1992), The Graduate Institute of International Studies at the University of Geneva (1995), and has a Master of Arts from the Art Academy of Latvia (1996). After Latvia declared independence, Kalniete worked in Latvia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and served as Latvia's ambassador to the UN (from 1993 to 1997), France (from 1997 to 2000) and UNESCO (from 2000 to 2002). Political careerKalniete became Foreign Minister of Latvia in November 2002 and served in this position until in 2004 when she was appointed the first Latvian Commissioner of the European Union in charge of Agriculture and Fisheries.[6] A large part of the Latvian society was shocked after she was not re-nominated as Latvia's EU Commissioner.[7][8][9] Afterwards, Kalniete stepped aside from politics and refused the low-rank diplomatic positions she was offered. At the beginning of 2006, Kalniete joined the New Era Party. In October 2006, she was elected to the Latvian parliament. She was the 2007 candidate of the New Era Party for the post of Latvian president, before withdrawing in favor of Aivars Endziņš on 24 May 2007. Between 2006 and 2007, Kalniete served as member of the Amato Group, a group of high-level European politicians unofficially working on rewriting the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe into what became known as the Treaty of Lisbon following its rejection by French and Dutch voters. In 2008, Kalniete announced she was leaving the New Era Party. She joined the newly founded Civic Union and became the party's leader. In the 2009 European Parliament election she was elected as a Member of the European Parliament and reelected in the European Parliament election, 2014 (Latvia).[10] She put herself forward as a potential candidate to succeed Andris Bērziņš as President of Latvia after his decision to step down in 2015.[11] Human rights activismHaving been born into a family who were the victims of Soviet crimes, Sandra Kalniete is involved in many human rights causes pertaining to totalitarian crimes. She is the chair of the Reconciliation of European Histories Group, an all-party group in the European Parliament aimed at coming to terms with the totalitarian past in many countries of Europe. In 2004, she argued that "behind the Iron Curtain the Soviet regime continued to commit genocide against the peoples of Eastern Europe and, indeed, against its own people [...] the two totalitarian regimes—Nazism and Communism—were equally criminal." She elaborated on this in 2006 when she came up with death counts for the two regimes, pointing out that the Soviet Union killed around 94.5 million people.[12] PublicationsShe is an author of three books:
With Dancing Shoes in Siberian Snows was published in French as En escarpins dans les neiges de Sibérie and was nominated for the documentary book of the month by the readers of Elle magazine. Since its publishing it has been translated into more than ten languages. TranslationsThe book Ar balles kurpēm Sibīrijas sniegos, Riga, Latvia: Atēna, 2001 ({{ISBN|9984-635-78-3}}) has been translated into several languages:
Career experience and political activities
Awards
Board-member/affiliations
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/96934/SANDRA_KALNIETE_home.html|title=Sandra KALNIETE - Home - MEPs - European Parliament|website=Europarl.europa.eu|accessdate=31 December 2017}} 2. ^{{cite web|title= About Us – Reconciliation of European Histories Group|url=http://eureconciliation.wordpress.com/about/|publisher=Reconciliation of European Histories Group|accessdate=1 August 2011}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.err.ee/politics/821a66c3-de86-4149-add3-3967c95e7f5c|title=MEPs Honor Victims of Baltic Deportations|work=News - ERR|accessdate=4 March 2015}} 4. ^Valters Nollendorfs, Crimes of communism in Latvia, Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes 5. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/the-emotional-revolutionary/|title=The emotional revolutionary|date=2004-02-18|work=POLITICO|access-date=2018-09-27|language=en-US}} 6. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/foreign-minister-to-be-latvian-commissioner-1.1129372|title=Foreign minister to be Latvian commissioner|last=|first=|date=2004-01-09|work=The Irish Times|access-date=2018-09-27|language=en-US}} 7. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB109295348215496622|title=But Latvia Blows It|last=Smith|first=Benjamin|date=2004-08-20|work=Wall Street Journal|access-date=2018-09-27|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660}} 8. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/riga-mortis-for-udre-as-latvia-hopes-its-third-time-lucky/|title=Riga-mortis for Udre as Latvia hopes it’s third-time lucky|date=2004-11-03|work=POLITICO|access-date=2018-09-27|language=en-US}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://latvians.com/index.php?en/Mailer/archive2005/issue-2005-01-06/2005_01_06.ssi#news18|title=Latvian Mailer|website=latvians.com|access-date=2018-09-27}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://ep2014.cvk.lv/?lang=1|title=2014.gada Eiropas Parlamenta vēlēšanas|first=SIA|last='SOAAR'|website=Ep2014.cvk.lv|accessdate=31 December 2017}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://bnn-news.com/aboltina-doubts-kalniete-gain-support-coalition-126206|title=Aboltina doubts Kalniete would gain much support from the coalition|date=5 March 2015|publisher=Baltic News Network|accessdate=31 December 2017}} 12. ^Peter Meusburger, Cultural Memories: The Geographical Point of View, Springer, 2011 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fondapol.org/|title=Un Think Tank libéral, progressiste et européen|website=Fondapol.org|accessdate=4 March 2015}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.risefoundation.eu/|title=What is RISE?|website=Risefoundation.eu|accessdate=4 March 2015}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.friendsofeurope.org/|title=Publications - Friends of Europe|work=Friends of Europe|accessdate=4 March 2015}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.robert-schuman.eu/|title=La Fondation Robert Schuman|website=Robert-schuman.eu|accessdate=4 March 2015}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.notre-europe.eu/en/|title=Accueil|website=Notre-europe.eu|accessdate=4 March 2015}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.eiropaskustiba.lv/|title=Eiropas Kustība Latvijā|website=Eiropaskustiba.lv|accessdate=4 March 2015}} External links
|-{{s-new|office}}{{s-ttl|title=Latvian European Commissioner|years=2004}}{{s-aft|after=Andris Piebalgs}} |-{{s-bef|rows=2|before=Franz Fischler}}{{s-ttl|rows=2|title=European Commissioner for Agriculture and Fisheries|years=2004|alongside=Franz Fischler}}{{s-aft|after=Mariann Fischer Boel {{nowrap|{{small|as European Commissioner for Agriculture and Rural Development}}}}}} |-{{s-aft|after=Joe Borg|as=European Commissioner for Fisheries and Maritime Affairs}} |-{{s-ppo}}{{s-new|office}}{{s-ttl|title=Leader of the Civic Union|years=2008–2011}}{{s-non|reason=Position abolished}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalniete, Sandra}} 24 : 1952 births|Living people|Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni|Ambassadors of Latvia to France|Civic Union (Latvia) MEPs|Civic Union (Latvia) politicians|Commandeurs of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques|Deputies of the Saeima|Female foreign ministers|Women MEPs for Latvia|Latvian European Commissioners|MEPs for Latvia 2009–14|MEPs for Latvia 2014–19|Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Latvia|New Era Party politicians|People from Kolpashevsky District|Permanent Delegates of Latvia to UNESCO|Permanent Representatives of Latvia to the United Nations|Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 2nd Class|Women European Commissioners|Women government ministers of Latvia|21st-century women politicians|Latvian women diplomats|Women ambassadors |
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