| 词条 | Józef Wittlin |
| 释义 |
| name = Józef Wittlin | image = Józef Wittlin.PNG | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1896|08|17}}[1] | birth_place = Dmytrów near Radekhiv, Podolia, Galicia, Austria-Hungary | death_date = {{Death date and age|1976|02|28|1896|08|17}} | death_place = New York City, New York, United States | nationality = Polish American (since 1949)[1] | other_names = | occupation = Author, Poet, Translator | years_active = 1920–1963[1] | known_for = his expressionist and realist poetry | notable_works = Salt of the Earth (Sól ziemi, 1935)[2] }} Józef Wittlin (1896–1976) was a Polish novelist, poet and translator. LifeAfter graduating from a classical gimnazjum in Lwów, Wittlin joined the volunteer military formation of the Polish Legion in August 1914. His unit was however soon disbanded due to the refusal of the Poles to take the oath for the Austrian government. Subsequently he went to Vienna, where he passed the Matura and began studying philosophy. With his friend Joseph Roth he again joined the Austrian army in 1916, and after some military training was drafted into the infantry. Shortly before being sent to the Italian front he fell ill with scarlet fever and was thus prevented from direct participation in the fighting. His military service took place far away from the front and included among other things working as a translator in prisoner-of-war camps with Italian soldiers. In 1922 he moved to Łódź and 1927 to Warsaw. In 1924 he married Halina Handelsmann. At this time he undertook extensive travels through Europe which significantly influenced his work. At the outbreak of World War II he was living in Paris, from where he was evacuated in May 1940 to Biarritz. With the help of Hermann Kesten, he and his family succeeded in escaping in January 1941 from Nice through Spain and Portugal to New York, where he remained after the war. Works
References1. ^1 2 {{Britannica|646293|Józef Wittlin}} 2. ^{{Britannica|519837|Salt of the Earth}} 3. ^{{cite book |last=Wittlin |first=Józef |date=1970 |title=Salt of the earth: A novel|url=https://www.amazon.com/Salt-earth-novel-novels-memoirs/dp/0811715043/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1430940182&sr=1-3&keywords=J%C3%B3zef+Wittlin |location=Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania |publisher=Stackpole Books |isbn=978-0811715041 |access-date= }} 4. ^{{cite book |last=Miłosz |first=Czesław |date=October 24, 1983 |title=The History of Polish Literature |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-MkT9vavwIC&pg=PA423&lpg=PA423&dq=tale+of+a+patient+infantryman+wittlin&source=bl&ots=UgdLhg6Kvj&sig=Ug63qLniKLV0wsNl0vobYzhP3K8&hl=de&sa=X&ei=dmdKVcj9F4KosAHFoYGwCw&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=tale%20of%20a%20patient%20infantryman%20wittlin&f=false |location=Oakland |publisher=University of California Press |page=423/424 |isbn=978-0520044777 |access-date=May 6, 2015 }} Further reading
11 : 1896 births|1976 deaths|Polish translators|Polish Jews|People from Lviv|Golden Laurel of the Polish Academy of Literature|Polish educational theorists|Austro-Hungarian people of World War I|Jews who emigrated to escape Nazism|Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty people|20th-century translators |
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