“Kadashman-Harbe II”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Kadašman-Ḫarbe II, inscribed ^dKa-dáš-man-Ḫar-be, Kad-aš-man-Ḫar-be or variants and meaning I believe in Ḫarbe, the lord of the Kassite pantheon corresponding to Enlil, succeeded Enlil-nādin-šumi, as the 30th Kassite or 3rd dynasty king of Babylon. His reign was recorded as lasting only one year, six months, c. 1223 BC, as "MU 1 ITI 6" according to the Kinglist A,^[1] a formula which is open to interpretation.

Biography

He seems to have been elevated to the kingship following the downfall of Enlil-nādin-šumi after the invasion of Elamite forces under their king, Kidin-Hutran III. He may have ruled during the Assyrian hegemony of Tukulti-Ninurta I or possibly in the period between the capture of the earlier Kassite monarch, Kaštiliašu IV, and the second Assyrian campaign which conquered the city of Babylon.^[2] There is little known about the reign other than it was short, perhaps just a few months.^[3]

Despite the apparent brevity of his reign, there are six economic texts (clay tablets) dated to him. The two economic texts from Ur include a judgment of a case^[4] involving the aborted purchase of a boy called Bunni-Sîn and the aggressive steps his would-be buyer (Šamaš-ēṭir) took to seek return of his fee, including imprisoning the wife (Rihītuša) of the acting surety (Irība-ili). The other Ur text^[5] is dated seven months later and is a purchase contract for a cow with calf, where Šamaš-ēṭir once again acts as buyer.^[6] There are two texts from Nippur dated to his reign, one of which^[7] records the sale of a girl, one-half cubit in size, to Rabâ-ša-Ninimma, as a wife for his second son, Ninimma-zēra-šubši, for the price of two fine muḫtillû-garments, worth two shekels of gold, and some food. The other text is a ration list^[8] and is the earliest of the dated clay tablets.^[9]

The other texts, one of unknown origin^[10] and one apparently from Babylon^[11] remain unpublished. This second text would have presented a chronological problem as it could be dated Ṭebētu, 10th day tenth year if the Winkelhaken has been correctly read.^[12] It was recovered from the archive of Itti-Ezida-lummir in Babylon (Pedersén M8) along with another tablet of unconventional dating,^[13] leading Werner Nahm to suggest them both ancient fabrications.^[14] However, it is written in the heavily slanted paleography of late Middle Babylonian cuneiform and should probably read as 1 in contrast to the 10 date on the preceding line.^[15] The other five texts fall within a twelve-month period. Also, another tablet from Nippur^[16] mentions him probably in the context of an earlier transaction in his accession year: [M]U.SAG.˹NA˺[M.L]UGAL-rí ˹^d˺ka-dáš-m[an-ḫar-b]e, but the date for the document omits a king’s name.^[17]

Inscriptions

1. ^Kinglist A, BM 33332, ii 9.
2. ^{{ cite journal | title = Tukulti-Ninurta I's Rule over Babylonia and its Aftermath - A Historical Reconstruction | author = Shigeo Yamada | journal = Orient | volume = 38 | year = 2003 | page =161 | doi=10.5356/orient1960.38.153}}
3. ^{{ cite book | title = Reallexikon Der Assyriologie Und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie: Ia – Kizzuwatna (Volume 5) | chapter = Kadašman-Ḫarbe II | author = J. A. Brinkman | editor = Dietz Otto Edzard | publisher = Walter De Gruyter | year = 1999 | page = 286 }}
4. ^Museum ref. IM 85473, excavation ref. U 7788d, settlement of a dispute arising from purchase of a slave, Gurney text 2, Brinkman K^b.2.2.2., month of Ṭebētu, day 28, accession year.
5. ^Museum ref. IM 85505, excavation ref. U 7787i, purchase of a cow with calf, Gurney text 34, Brinkman K^b.2.2.4., month of Abu, day 9, year 1(?).
6. ^{{ cite book | title = Middle Babylonian Legal & Economic Texts from Ur | author = O. R. Gurney | publisher = British School of Archaeology in Iraq | year = 1983 | pages = 22–28,104–106 }}
7. ^Museum ref. CBS 12917, legal text for purchase of a wife, Brinkman K^b.2.2.1., month of Kislīmu, day 11, year accession year.
8. ^Museum ref. CBS 7241, month of Kislīmu, accession year.
9. ^{{ cite book | title = Materials and Studies for Kassite History, Vol. I (MSKH I) | author = J. A. Brinkman | publisher = Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago | year = 1976 | pages = 383–384 }}
10. ^Museum ref. YBC 7652, dated month of Elūlu day 14, first year .
11. ^Bab 39045, dated month Ṭebētu day 10 tenth year.
12. ^{{ cite book | title = Archive und Bibliotheken in Babylon: die Tontafeln der Grabung Robert Koldeweys 1899-1917 | author = Olof Pedersén | publisher = Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft in Kommission bei sdv Saarländische Druckererei und Verlag | year = 2005 | page = 98 }}
13. ^A. 1998 (= Bab 39031), a tablet with a Kadašman-Enlil immediately preceding the reign of Kadašman-Turgu.
14. ^{{ cite journal | title = 12. Kadašman-Enlil IIa as a Green Tiger | author = Werner Nahm | journal = Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brèves et Utilitaires (NABU) | year = 2016 | issue = 1 (Mars) | page = 17 }}
15. ^{{ cite journal | title = 45. The Green Tiger, Revisited | author = J. A. Brinkman | journal = Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brèves et Utilitaires (NABU) | year = 2016 | issue = 2 (juin) | page = 75 }}
16. ^Museum ref. IM 80114, excavation ref. 14 N 211, dated month of Simānu, day 15, first year.
17. ^{{ cite book | title = Nippur III: Kassite Buildings in Area WC-1 (OIP 111) | chapter = Catalogue of Tablets | author = J. A. Brinkman | editor = Richard L. Zettler | publisher = Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago | year = 1993 | page = 98 }}

Biography

Inscriptions

References