| 词条 | San Juan Comalapa |
| 释义 |
|official_name =San Juan Comalapa |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = Municipality and town |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map =Guatemala |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_mapsize= |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Guatemala |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name ={{flag|Guatemala}} |subdivision_type1 = Department |subdivision_name1 = Chimaltenango |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title =Mayor (2016–2020) |leader_name =Justo Rufino Simlox Pichiyá[1] |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Imperial |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |population_as_of =2006 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = |population_density_km2 = |timezone =Central Time |utc_offset = +6 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|14|44|N|90|53|W|region:GT|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name_sec1 = Climate |blank_info_sec1 = Cwb |website = |footnotes = }} San Juan Comalapa is a municipality in the Chimaltenango department of Guatemala. San Juan Comalapa is sometimes called the "Florence of America", because of the many Kaqchikel painters living there (one of the more celebrated painters being Paula Nicho Cumez). It is also the birthplace of Rafael Álvarez Ovalle, who composed Guatemala national anthem. The painting tradition started in the 1930s, when Kaqchikel painter Andrés Curruchich (1891–1969) started painting with oil. His creativity was noted so much that he started showing his art in the United States and achieved international success. Because of this, Curruchiche decided to teach the new generations his form of painting. Today there are some 500 painters in San Juan Comalapa, and the majority of them still use the techniques of Curruchiche. These painters are dedicated to paint the costums, life experiences and traditions of the Indian towns. HistorySpanish colony{{Location map many|Guatemala|AlternativeMap=Franciscans map.jpg | width = 200 |float=left | position = left |caption=Some of the 24 convents of the Franciscan Provincia del Santísimo Nombre de Jesús during the Spanish colony in Guatemala and the approximate area it doctrines occupied. | label=Panajachel|label_size=70 | lat=14.740409|long=-91.153522|marksize=5 | label2=Santiago de Guatemala| pos2=right| label2_size=70 | lat2=14.553983| long2=-90.729550|mark2size=5 | label3=Comalapa| pos3=right| label3_size=70 | lat3=14.740033| long3=-90.886642|mark3size=5 | label4=Siquinalá| pos4=bottom| label4_size=70 | lat4=14.306616| long4=-90.966518|mark4size=5 | label6=Quetzaltenango| pos6=left| label6_size=70 | lat6=14.848598| long6=-91.524311|mark6size=5 |label7=Jocopilas|pos7=top|label7_size=70 |lat7=15.095123|long7=-91.151684|mark7size=5 }} In the 16th century, during the period of the Spanish conquest of Guatemala, the shore of the lake was the scene of a battle in which the Spanish and their Kaqchikel allies defeated the Tz'utujils. After the Spanish conquest of Guatemala, the Franciscans set up a church and monastery in Panajachel soon afterward, and used the town as a centre to convert the indigenous people of the region to the Roman Catholic faith. The original façade of the church still stands, and is considered one of the gems of the colonial style in Guatemala. San Juan Comalapa was in charge of the franciscans, who had convents and doctrines in the area covered by the modern departaments of Sacatepéquez, Chimaltenango, Sololá, Quetzaltenango, Totonicapán, Suchitepéquez and Escuintla. The "Provincia del Santísimo Nombre de Jesús" (English:"Province of the most Holy Name of Jesus"), as the Franciscan area was then called, reached up to 24 convents.[2] By 1700, San Juan Comalapa had a convent with three priests, in charge of ca. 1800 people, one doctrine and eight cofradías.[2] Since it had a convent, there was daily Mass attended by cofradías leaders and their wives, who kept lighted candles during most of the ceremony. Also daily, there was religious teaching for 6 year old girls and older starting at 2:00 pm and for boys of the same age starting at sunset; the class lasted for 2 hours and consisted on memorizing the church teaching and prayers and to make some exercises with the catechism and it was run by a priest or by elder natives, called "fiscales".[3] Adults attended Mass every Sunday and holiday and after mass, there were religious teachings in their own language.[3] Lent was a time of the year when the friars prepared the natives thoroughly, using their own language to accomplish their goals; every Friday of Lent there was a procession following the Rosary steps all the way to the Calvary temple.[4]In 1754, as part of the borbon reforms, the Franciscans where forced to, gave their doctrines to the secular clergy; thus, when archbishop Pedro Cortés y Larraz visited Panajachel in 1770, he described it as a curato.{{sfn|Cortés y Larraz|2001|p=409-412}} 20th centuryThe town was much devastated by the 1976 Guatemala earthquake. The town is home to the longest mural in Guatemala which chronicles the town's history from pre-Columbian times through colonization, the earthquake, the Guatemalan civil war, until the present.[5] Sister citiesSan Juan Comalapa has close ties to the city Stord in Norway, as they are friendship cities. ClimateSan Juan Comalapa has a subtropical highland climate (Köppen: Cwb). {{Weather box|width=auto |location = San Juan Comalapa |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan mean C = 14.0 |Feb mean C = 14.7 |Mar mean C = 16.0 |Apr mean C = 17.2 |May mean C = 17.5 |Jun mean C = 16.7 |Jul mean C = 16.6 |Aug mean C = 16.6 |Sep mean C = 16.3 |Oct mean C = 15.9 |Nov mean C = 14.8 |Dec mean C = 14.3 |year mean C = |Jan high C = 19.7 |Feb high C = 20.8 |Mar high C = 22.2 |Apr high C = 23.0 |May high C = 22.4 |Jun high C = 20.7 |Jul high C = 20.9 |Aug high C = 21.4 |Sep high C = 20.7 |Oct high C = 20.2 |Nov high C = 19.9 |Dec high C = 19.58 |year high C = |Jan low C = 8.4 |Feb low C = 8.6 |Mar low C = 9.8 |Apr low C = 11.4 |May low C = 12.6 |Jun low C = 12.8 |Jul low C = 12.3 |Aug low C = 11.9 |Sep low C = 11.9 |Oct low C = 11.6 |Nov low C = 9.8 |Dec low C = 8.8 |year low C = |Jan precipitation mm = 4 |Feb precipitation mm = 6 |Mar precipitation mm = 8 |Apr precipitation mm = 37 |May precipitation mm = 115 |Jun precipitation mm = 296 |Jul precipitation mm = 222 |Aug precipitation mm = 228 |Sep precipitation mm = 271 |Oct precipitation mm = 147 |Nov precipitation mm = 46 |Dec precipitation mm = 9 |year precipitation mm = |source 1 = Climate-Data.org[6] }} Geographic locationSan Juan Comapala is surrounded by Chimaltenango Department municipalities:[9] {{Geographic location| Center= San Juan Comalapa | North= San José Poaquil | Northwest= Santa Apolonia | West= Tecpán | Southwest= Santa Cruz Balanyá | South= Zaragoza | East= San Martín Jilotepeque[7] }} See also
Notes and references1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.municipalidadesdeguatemala.info/alcaldes-16/alcaldes-chimaltenango-16.php |title=Alcaldes electos en el departamento de Chimaltenango |website=Municipalidades de Guatemala |location=Guatemala |date=7 September 2015 |accessdate=2 October 2015 |language=es |ref=harv |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002210448/http://www.municipalidadesdeguatemala.info/alcaldes-16/alcaldes-chimaltenango-16.php |archivedate=October 2, 2015 }} 2. ^1 {{harvnb|García Añoveros|1989|p=891}} 3. ^1 {{harvnb|García Añoveros|1989|p=896}} 4. ^{{harvnb|García Añoveros|1989|p=897}} 5. ^{{cite web|last1=Sethna|first1=Cyrus|title=The Woman Behind Guatemala’s Longest Mural|url=http://www.quepasa.gt/the-woman-behind-guatemalas-longest-mural/|website=quepasa.gt|publisher=Que Pasa? Magazine|accessdate=8 December 2015}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/873451/|title= Climate: San Juan Comalapa|accessdate= 11 October 2015|website= Climate-Data.org}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.segeplan.gob.gt/2.0/index.php?option=com_k2&view=itemlist&task=category&id=4:chimaltenango&Itemid=333|website=SEGEPLAN|location=Guatemala|accessdate=22 July 2015|title=Municipios del departamento de Chimaltenango|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707075907/http://www.segeplan.gob.gt/2.0/index.php?option=com_k2&view=itemlist&task=category&id=4:chimaltenango&Itemid=333|archivedate=7 July 2015|language=es|ref=harv}} References{{reflist}}Bibliography{{refbegin}}
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h5ZaAAAAMAAJ|series=Corpus Hispanorum de Pace. Segunda Serie|issn=0589-8056 |last=Cortés y Larraz|first=Pedro|editor=García, Jesús María |editor2=Blasco, Julio Martín|author-link=Pedro Cortés y Larraz|publisher=Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas|year=2001 |isbn=9788400080013 |origyear=1770|language=es|ref=harv}}
External links
2 : Municipalities of the Chimaltenango Department|Populated places in the Chimaltenango Department |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。