| 词条 | Ka (Indic) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|limbimg = Лимбу буква KO. Limbu Letter KO.png|limbletname = Limbu 'Ka' |siddimg = Siddham k.svg |sindletname = Siddhaṃ 'Ka' |ipa = k |iast = ka |iscii = B3 }} Ka is the first consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, ka is derived from the Brahmi letter , which is (according to the Semitic hypothesis) derived from the Aramaic ("K"). MathematicsĀryabhaṭa numeration{{further|Āryabhaṭa numeration}}Aryabhata used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the Greek numerals, even after the invention of Indian numerals. The values of the different forms of क are:[1]
Tabla StrokesIn Tabla notation, क (ka) also seen as कि (ki), or के (ke) is a flat, nonresonant stroke of the left hand. The heel of the hand is left on the drum, while the hand rotates to hit the drum, with the focus of the force being focused between the tips and first joints of the fingers. Hindu astrologyके (ke) is the abbreviation used for केतु (Ketu), the descending lunar node. In Hindu astrology Ketu represents karmic collections both good and bad, spirituality and supernatural influences. Ketu is associated with the Matsya Avatar (Fish Incarnation) of Vishnu. Ketu signifies the spiritual process of the refinement of materialization to spirit and is considered both malefic and benefic, as it causes sorrow and loss, and yet at the same time turns the individual to God. In other words, it causes material loss in order to force a more spiritual outlook in the person. Ketu is a karaka or indicator of intelligence, wisdom, non-attachment, fantasy, penetrating insight, derangement, and psychic abilities. Ketu is believed to bring prosperity to the devotee's family, removes the effects of snakebite and illness arising out of poisons. He grants good health, wealth and cattle to his devotees. Historic KaThe original Indic letter Ka is attested in three different forms. The first is in standard Brahmi, , the second in the Brahmi variant, Tocharian, also known as slanting Brahmi. The third form of Ka, in Kharoshthi (𐨐) was probably derived from Aramaic separately from the Brahmi letter. Brahmi KaThe Brahmi letter , ka, is derived from the Aramaic , K, and is related to the modern Latin K and Greek Kappa.
Tocharian KaThe Tocharian, also called slanting Brahmi, letter is a variant of the Brahmi .
Kharoshthi KaLike its Brahmi counterpart, the Kharoshthi letter 𐨐 is also derived from the Aramaic , and is thus related to K and Kappa, in addition to the Brahmi ka. Devanagari Ka{{main article|Devanagari ka}}{{Devanagari abugida sidebar}}Ka (क) (कवर्ण kavarn) is the first consonant of the Devanagari abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter , after having gone through the Gupta letter . Letters that derive from it are the Gujarati letter ક, and the Modi letter 𑘎. Devanagari-using LanguagesIn all languages, क is pronounced as {{IPA-hi|kə|}} or {{IPAblink|k}} when appropriate.
In this example, क implements its inherent vowel, the schwa.
In this example, क deletes the inherent schwa for correct pronunciation. Certain words that have been borrowed from Persian and Arabic implement the nukta to more properly approximate the original word. It is then transliterated as a q.
Conjuncts With क
Bengali Ka{{main|ka (Bengali)}}The Bengali script ক is derived from the Siddhaṃ , and is marked by a similar horizontal head line, but less geometric shape, than its Devanagari counterpart, क. The inherent vowel of Bengali consonant letters is /ɔ/, so the bare letter ক will sometimes be transliterated as "ko" instead of "ka". Adding okar, the "o" vowel mark, কো, gives a reading of /ko/. Like all Indic consonants, ক can be modified by marks to indicate another (or no) vowel than its inherent "a". ক in Bengali-using languagesক is used as a basic consonant character in all of the major Bengali script orthographies, including Bengali and Assamese. It is also used with a nukta, ক়, for foreign borrowings of /q/. Conjuncts with কBengali ক exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts, with a tendency towards stacked ligatures.[2]
Javanese Ka{{main article|Ka (Javanese)}}References1. ^{{cite book|last=Ifrah|first=Georges|title=The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer|year=2000|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New York|isbn=0-471-39340-1|pages=447–450}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=The Bengali Alphabet|url=http://tesseractindic.googlecode.com/files/wb069conjuncts.pdf|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928021705/http://tesseractindic.googlecode.com/files/wb069conjuncts.pdf|archivedate=2013-09-28|df=}}
| issn = 0035-869X | pages = 109–126 | last = Fleet | first = J. F. | title = Aryabhata's System of Expressing Numbers | journal = Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland | date = January 1911 | jstor = 25189823 }}
2 : Bengali language|Indic letters |
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