| 词条 | Kalu Ganga Dam |
| 释义 |
| name = Kalu Ganga Dam | name_official = | image = Kaluganga Dam project site.jpg | image_size = 280px | image_caption = Kaluganga Dam project site | image_alt = | location_map = Sri Lanka | location_map_size = 280px | location_map_caption = | location_map_relief = Yes | coordinates = {{coord|07|33|35|N|80|50|09|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = Sri Lanka | location = Pallegama | purpose =Irrigation | status = UC | construction_began = 02 April 2014 | opening = 26 December 2018 | demolished = | cost = | owner = Mahaweli Authority | dam_type = G | dam_height = {{Convert|67|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_length = {{Convert|546|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_crosses = Kalu Ganga | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = Kalu Ganga Reservoir | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_elevation = | res_max_depth = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_tidal_range = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} The Kalu Ganga Dam is a large gravity dam, and the second vital component of the larger and more complex Moragahakanda — Kalu Ganga Project, currently under construction across the Kalu Ganga ("Black River") at Pallegama, in the Matale District of Sri Lanka. Construction of the project was launched by President Mahinda Rajapaksa on {{Nowrap|25 January 2007}}.[1] The maiden waters of the dam was released in July 2018.[2] The larger combined project involves the construction of the Kalu Ganga Dam and Reservoir, along with the separate Moragahakanda Dam and Reservoir, for irrigation and power generation purposes. Both these sites would be located approximately {{Convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} apart.[3] The total development cost for both sites totals to approximately {{Nowrap|Rs. 48.145 billion}} (approximately {{Nowrap|US$370 million}}) and is being carried out by SMEC Holdings and Sinohydro.[4][5][6] FundingThe development of the Kalu Ganga segment would cost {{Nowrap|US$167 million}}. 22% or {{Nowrap|US$37 million}} of this is funded by the Kuwait Fund, 27.5% or {{Nowrap|US$46 million}} is funded by the Saudi Fund for Development, while the rest if borne by the Government of Sri Lanka. The funds will be payable in {{Nowrap|20 years}}, including a 5-year grace period.[7] The funding from OPEC will carry an interest rate of 3.2%, and a service charge of 1% on the principle amount withdrawn and outstanding.[7] Dam and reservoirThe primary Kalu Ganga Dam will be a {{Convert|67|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} high concrete gravity dam, measuring {{Convert|546|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} in length. To support the new Kalu Ganga Reservoir created by the dam, two additional saddle dams will also be created to contain the reservoir. The primary dam and saddle dams are estimated to cost approximately {{Nowrap|US$102.2 million}}.[5][7] In addition to using the reservoir's water for irrigation, a percentage of it would be consistently transferred via tunnel to the Moragahakanda Reservoir for further irrigation uses and hydroelectricity generation.[1] Environmental and Social Impact of the Dam ConstructionA large area of forest east of Pallegama has been cleared for the construction of the dam and even more so for the construction of a new residential and agricultural colony east of the dam. The forest area cleared is adjoining Wasgamuwa National Park and linked the forests on the eastern side of Knuckles Mountain Range with the Wasgamuwa National Park. Elephants and other wildlife used to inhabit this area and used it as corridor. There are attempts to minimize environmental impact by reforesting catchment areas, and declaration of elephant corridors to Wasgamuwa, Girithale, Mineriya national parks.[8] Several old villages, including Pallegama and Rambukoluwa, have to be abandoned and all the residents have to relocate to the new colony, about 5 to 10 kilometers northeast of Pallegama. Each family is compensated with two acres of land, 1.5 acres of paddy land and half an acre in the residential area to construct a new house.[9] {{Clear}}See also{{Commons category|Kalu Ganga Dam}}
References1. ^1 {{cite news|title=Work on Moragahakanda Kalu Ganga Project progressing satisfactorily|url=http://www.itnnews.lk/?p=8859|accessdate=14 January 2014|newspaper=ITN News|date=6 February 2013}} {{Inland waters of Sri Lanka}}2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/180722/news/president-to-inaugurate-filling-of-kalu-ganga-reservoir-tomorrow-303547.html |title=President to inaugurate filling of Kalu Ganga reservoir tomorrow |publisher=The Sunday Times|accessdate=3 April 2018}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Moragahakanda and Kaluganga Development Project|url=http://www.treasury.gov.lk/depts/npd/publications/projecpipeline-chap/Irrigation.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Finance and Planning|accessdate=14 January 2014|page=2|format=PDF}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=SMEC Wins Major Project with World’s Largest Hydroelectric Company|url=http://www.smec.com/about-smec/media/smec-wins-major-project-with-world-s-largest-hydroelectric-company|publisher=SMEC Holdings|accessdate=14 January 2014|date=23 October 2012}} 5. ^1 {{cite news|title=Moragahakanda project on schedule|url=http://www.lankanewspapers.com/news/2014/1/86327.html|accessdate=14 January 2014|newspaper=LankaNewspapers.com|date=8 January 2014}} 6. ^{{cite news|title=Moragahakanda multi purpose project construction on track|url=http://archives.dailynews.lk/2013/06/03/bus19.asp|accessdate=14 January 2014|date=3 June 2013|author=Shirajiv Sirimane}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Sri Lanka negotiates OPEC funds for irrigation project|url=http://www.lankabusinessonline.com/news/sri-lanka-negotiates-opec-funds-for-irrigation-project/1448112562|accessdate=15 January 2014|newspaper=LBO.lk|date=5 February 2010}} 8. ^ Warushamana, Gamini. “Development apace - impact on socio environment minimised” in Sunday Observer Online, 21 July 2013. Retrieved 3 March 2017. 9. ^ Warushamana, Gamini. “Development apace - impact on socio environment minimised” in Sunday Observer Online, 21 July 2013. Retrieved 3 March 2017. 4 : Dams in Sri Lanka|Gravity dams|Dams under construction|Buildings and structures in Matale District |
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