| 词条 | San Simeon, California |
| 释义 |
|name = San Simeon |official_name = |settlement_type = census-designated place |nickname = |motto = |image_skyline = Hearst Castle02.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = View of Hearst Castle, a prominent landmark in San Simeon |image_flag = |image_seal = |pushpin_map = USA California |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = Location within the state of California |pushpin_mapsize = |image_map = |map_caption = Location within San Luis Obispo county |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{USA}} |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}} |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = San Luis Obispo |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = | unit_pref =US | area_footnotes = [1] | area_total_sq_mi = 0.797 | area_land_sq_mi = 0.797 | area_water_sq_mi = 0 | area_total_km2 = 2.063 | area_land_km2 = 2.063 | area_water_km2 = 0 | area_water_percent = 0 | area_note = |population_as_of = 2010 |population_footnotes = |population_total =462 |population_density_km2 = auto |timezone = Pacific (PST) |utc_offset = -8 |timezone_DST = PDT |utc_offset_DST = -7 |elevation_footnotes =[2] |elevation_ft =230 |coordinates = {{coord|35|38|38|N|121|11|23|W|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}} |postal_code_type = ZIP codes |postal_code = 93452 |area_code = 805 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 2583127 |website = |footnotes = {{gnis|2583127}} }} San Simeon (ZIP Code: 93452; area code 805) is a town and census-designated place[2] on the Pacific coast of San Luis Obispo County, California. Its position along State Route 1 is about halfway between Los Angeles and San Francisco, each of those cities being roughly 230 mi (370 km) away. A key feature of the area is Hearst Castle, a hilltop mansion built by William Randolph Hearst in the early 20th century that is now a tourist attraction. The area is also home to a large northern elephant seal rookery, known as the Piedras Blancas rookery. It is located 7 mi north of San Simeon on Highway 1. HistoryPrehistorically, the local area was inhabited by the Chumash people, who settled the coastal San Luis Obispo area around 10,000 to 11,000 BC, including a large village south of San Simeon at Morro Creek.[3] The first European land exploration of Alta California, the Spanish Portolà expedition, traveled northwest along the coast in September, 1769. On September 11–12, the party passed the future location of San Simeon. At Ragged Point, about 15 mi past San Simeon, the party turned inland across the Santa Lucia Range.[4] San Simeon was founded as an asistencia ("submission") to Mission San Miguel Arcángel{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}, founded in 1797 and located to the east across the Santa Lucia Range. San Simeon was named for Rancho San Simeon, although the town-site is actually north of that rancho, on the former Rancho Piedra Blanca, a Mexican land grant given in 1840 to José de Jesús Pico. In 1865, Pico sold part of the rancho to George Hearst, the father of William Randolph Hearst. The first Europeans to settle in the immediate area near the bay of San Simeon were Portuguese shore whalers under the command of Captain Joseph Clark (born Machado) from the Cape Verde Islands, around 1864.[5] In 1869, Captain Clark built a wharf near the point for his whaling station. A small community grew near the 1869 wharf, but the waves near the wharf were too high, and the wharf was abandoned. In 1878, Hearst built a new wharf, and the small community moved near the new wharf. A general store (later Sebastian's Store) was built near the Clark wharf, and then relocated near the 1878 wharf.[6] Shore whaling continued on the point until the mid-1890s. It ceased for a short time, started up again in 1897, and continued to about 1908 when it ceased for good.[7] In 1953, the Hearst Corporation donated the William Randolph Hearst Memorial Beach, including the Hearst Pier, to San Luis Obispo County. It is currently part of Hearst San Simeon State Park.[8] The present-day San Simeon pier was built in 1957.[9] GeologyThe name San Simeon also refers to some geologic structures of the area, particularly elements of the coastal Jurassic-age landforms and ophiolite mineral formations.[10] GeographyAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the census-designated place covers an area of 0.8 square miles (2.1 km2), all of it land. The original townsite of San Simeon is at San Simeon Bay, and was the important 19th-century shipping point with the successive wharves that were built. San Simeon Acres, about 4 mi south of the original townsite at the mouth of Pico Creek, and so about halfway between old San Simeon and Cambria, was established in the 1950s. Most of the development at San Simeon Acres was in the 1960s to the 1980s. Many motels and cafes serve visitors to Hearst Castle.[11] ClimateSan Simeon and the Hearst Castle area has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen csb) that is moderated by its relative proximity to the Pacific coastline. {{Weather box|location = San Simeon|single line = Yes |Jan high C = 15.5 |Feb high C = 15.7 |Mar high C = 17.3 |Apr high C = 18.5 |May high C = 21.4 |Jun high C = 23.7 |Jul high C = 23.9 |Aug high C = 25.7 |Sep high C = 25.9 |Oct high C = 23.3 |Nov high C = 18.8 |Dec high C = 15.2 |year high C = 20.4 |Jan mean C = 11.3 |Feb mean C = 11.3 |Mar mean C = 12.6 |Apr mean C = 13.3 |May mean C = 16.2 |Jun mean C = 18.3 |Jul mean C = 18.9 |Aug mean C = 20.0 |Sep mean C = 20.6 |Oct mean C = 17.8 |Nov mean C = 14.2 |Dec mean C = 11.1 |year mean C = 15.5 |Jan low C = 7.1 |Feb low C = 6.9 |Mar low C = 7.9 |Apr low C = 8.1 |May low C = 10.9 |Jun low C = 13.0 |Jul low C = 13.9 |Aug low C = 14.3 |Sep low C = 15.4 |Oct low C = 12.4 |Nov low C = 9.6 |Dec low C = 6.9 |year low C = 10.6 |Jan precipitation mm = 139.7 |Feb precipitation mm = 149.9 |Mar precipitation mm = 114.3 |Apr precipitation mm = 48.3 |May precipitation mm = 17.8 |Jun precipitation mm = 2.5 |Jul precipitation mm = 0 |Aug precipitation mm = 2.5 |Sep precipitation mm = 7.6 |Oct precipitation mm = 35.6 |Nov precipitation mm = 71.1 |Dec precipitation mm = 147.3 |year precipitation mm = 734.1 |source 1 = [12] }}{{clear}} DemographicsThe 2010 United States Census[13] reported that San Simeon had a population of 462. The population density was 579.9 people per square mile (223.9/km2). The racial makeup of San Simeon was 58.4% White, 0.9% African American, 1.1% Native American, 1.9% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 34.6% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 55.8%. |