| 词条 | Karja Church | |||
| 释义 |
|name = Karja Church |fullname = |other name = |image = Karja kirik Leisi vallas Saaremaal.jpg |imagesize = 225 |imagelink = |imagealt = |landscape = |caption = Karja church, façade |pushpin map = Estonia |pushpin label position = |pushpin map alt = |pushpin mapsize = |map caption = |coordinates = {{coord|58|31|24|N|22|43|57|E|display=inline,title}} |osgraw = |osgridref = |location = |country = Estonia |denomination = Lutheran |previous denomination = |churchmanship = |membership = |attendance = |website = |former name = |bull date = |founded date = {{start date|probably late 13th century to early 14th century}} |founder = |dedication = |dedicated date = |consecrated date = |cult = |relics = |events = |past bishop = |people = |status = |functional status = |heritage designation = |designated date = |architect = |architectural type = |style = Romanesque Gothic |groundbreaking = |completed date = |construction cost = |closed date = |demolished date = |parish = |deanery = |archdeaconry = |episcopalarea = |archdiocese = |metropolis = |diocese = |province = |presbytery = |synod = |circuit = |district = |division = |subdivision = }}Karja Church ({{lang-et|Karja kirik}}) is a medieval Lutheran church located in Linnaka village on Saaremaa island, Estonia. It is the rural church with the richest medieval stone sculpture decoration in all the Baltic states.[1] History| align=left | direction = vertical | width = 250 | footer = Carved stone decoration in Karja church | image1 = Karja kirik lääneportaal detail.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Karja konsool põhjaseinal.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = The origins of the church are not well known, but it was most probably constructed sometime during the late 13th or early 14th century. Originally it was dedicated to St. Catherine and St. Nicholas. There is evidence that the church was from the beginning designed not only as a place of worship but also to be able to function as a refuge in times of danger or war; there are rooms above the vestry and the vaulted ceiling, equipped with fireplaces and not readily accessible, which may have been designed to be able to house the congregation safely. In later times, these areas were probably used by pilgrims from Scandinavia travelling to Livonia. The fact that the church served as a stop-over for pilgrims may also serve to explain how it got its rich decoration.[2] ArchitectureThe church is rather small, compared with other medieval churches on Saaremaa and elsewhere nearby, and of simple form. It has a single nave, spanned by high, whitewashed vaults forming two bays, a simple choir and a vestry. Interior details worth mentioning are the baptismal font from the 14th century, a crucifix from the 15th century and the pulpit, dating from 1638 and made by local artisan Balthasar Raschky.[1] What makes the church unique, however, is its rich interior decoration.[2] MuralsThe interior of the church displays several relatively well-preserved medieval mural paintings. These depict symbols, probably of pagan origin, such as a triskelion, pentagram, grotesque devils and other symbols of unclear significance. In addition, there are also more purely decorative murals.[2] Stone sculptureThe church is profusely rich in carved stone sculpture, present on portals, brackets and bosses throughout the church. The stone carvings have probably been executed by successive generations of master carvers, including, very probably, artisans from Germany, Sweden and France.[3] The style of the decorations range from Romanesque to Gothic and high Gothic. The motives range from purely decorative foliage, to a Calvary group adjacent to the south portal, a notable sculpture group depicting St. Catherine, patron saint of scholars, holding a book and an equally prominent carved sculpture of St. Nicholas, patron saint of fishermen, accompanied by a monk holding a ship.[2] GallerySee also
References1. ^1 {{cite book | last = Viirand| first = Tiiu| authorlink = | title = Estonia. Cultural Tourism | publisher = Kunst Publishers | series = | volume = | edition = | date = 2004 | location = | pages = 173–174 | language = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 9949407184 | mr = | zbl = | jfm = }} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url= http://www.saaremaa.ee/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=596|title= Karja church|author= |date= |website= |publisher= Saaremaa Museum|accessdate=30 April 2013}} 3. ^{{cite book | last = Taylor| first = Neil| authorlink = | title = Estonia| publisher = Bradt Travel Guides | series = | volume = | edition = 6| date = 2010| location = | page = 260| language = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 9781841623207 | mr = | zbl = | jfm = }} External links
7 : Saaremaa Parish|Buildings and structures in Saaremaa|13th-century churches|13th-century establishments in Estonia|Gothic architecture in Estonia|Tourist attractions in Saare County|Lutheran churches in Estonia |
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