| 词条 | Katarungang Pambarangay |
| 释义 |
The system exists to help decongest the regular courts and works mostly as "alternative, community-based mechanism for dispute resolution of conflicts,"[1] also described as a "compulsory mediation process at the village level."[2] Throughout the Philippines the Barangay Justice Systems handles thousands of cases a year.[3] Since officials have more flexibility in decision-making, including from complex evidence rules, and receive some resources from government, the courts are more numerous and accessible than other courts and therefore the courts are able to hear more cases and to respond more immediately.[3] The Katarungang Pambarangay share characteristics with similar traditional, hybrid courts in other countries such as the Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, Nigeria and South Africa, among others.[4] Such courts emerged during colonial periods as Western imperial powers introduced western legal systems.[4] The Western legal systems were usually applied to westerners while the local dispute resolution systems were integrated into the Western system in a variety of ways including incorporation of local decision makers into the government in some way.[4] After independence, many states faced the same problems as their former rulers, especially "limited geographical reach of state institutions, Western-modeled institutions often divorced from community structures and expectations, and resource constraints in the justice sector."[4] Hybrid courts became a "middle ground for supporting community decision-making while simultaneously expanding the authority and reach of the state."[4] Besides "hybrid courts", other authors have described the system as a "Non-State Justice System".[5] HistoryThere has long been a traditional, local system of resolving disputes. Presidential Decree 1508 talks an unofficial "time-honored tradition of amicably settling disputes among family and barangay members at the barangay level without judicial resources".[6] Alfredo Flores Tadiar was the principal author of Presidential Decree 1508, The Katarungang Pambarangay Law,[7] and he also wrote its implementing rules, requiring prior conciliation as a condition for judicial recourse.{{cn|date=December 2013}} For 12 years (1980–1992), he was a member of the Committee of Consultants, Bureau of Local Government Supervision, which oversaw the nationwide operations of the Katarungang Pambarangay Law.{{cn|date=December 2013}} Under the decree, the body was known as Lupong Tagapayapa .[6]This decree was replaced by the Local Government Code of 1991. Operation, rules and proceduresThe Lupon Tagapamayapa is the body that comprises the barangay justice system and on it sit the baranagy captain and 10 to 20 members.[8] The body is normally constituted every three years and holds office until a new body is constituted in the third year.[8] They receive no compensation except honoraria, allowances and other emoluments as authorized by law or barangay, municipal or city ordinance.[8] Almost all civil disputes and many crimes with potential prison sentences of one year or less or fines 5,000 or less.Philippine pesos are subjected to the system.[9][8] In barangays where a majority of members belong to an indigenous people of the Philippines, traditional dispute mechanisms such as a council of elders may replace the barangay judicial system.[8] Upon receipt of the complaint, the chairman to the committee, most often the barangay captain, shall the next working day inform the parties of a meeting for mediation.[8] If after 15 days for the first meeting, the mediation is not successful then a more formal process involving the pangkat or body must be followed.[8] There is another 15-day period to resolve the dispute through this more formal process, extendable by the pangkat for yet another 15-day period.[8] If not settlement has been reached, then a case can be filed in the regular judicial system of the Philippines.[10] See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|title=Barangay Justice System (BJS), Philippines|url=http://accessfacility.org/barangay-justice-system-katarungang-pambarangay|accessdate=13 December 2013}} 2. ^{{cite book|last=Clark|first=Samuel, and Matthew Stephens|title=Reducing Injustice? A Grounded Approach to Strengthening Hybrid Justice Systems: Lessons from Indonesia. Traditional Justice: Practitioners’ Perspectives WORKING PAPERS series|year=2011|publisher=International Development Law Organization (IDLO)|pages=5|url=http://www.idlo.int/Publications/WP2clarkstephens.pdf|quote=For example, the Philippines’ compulsory mediation process at the village level, known as the Barangay Justice system,...}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|last=Chapman|first=Peter|title=Hybrid Courts in East Asia & Pacific: A recipe for success?|url=http://blogs.worldbank.org/eastasiapacific/hybrid-courts-in-east-asia-pacific-a-recipe-for-success|work="East Asia & Pacific on the rise" blog|publisher=The World Bank|accessdate=16 November 2012}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|last=Chapman|first=Peter|title=History of Hybrid Courts in East Asia & Pacific: A ‘best fit’ approach to justice reform?|url=http://blogs.worldbank.org/eastasiapacific/history-of-hybrid-courts-in-east-asia-pacific-a-best-fit-approach-to-justice-reform|work="East Asia & Pacific on the rise" blog|publisher=The World Bank|accessdate=16 November 2012}} 5. ^{{cite journal|last=Golub|first=S|title='Non-state Justice Systems in Bangladesh and the Philippines'|year=2003|url=http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display/document/legacyid/825|accessdate=16 November 2012|publisher=Department for International Development, London}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/presdecs/pd1978/pd_1508_1978.html|title=PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 1508|publisher=The LAWPhil Project|accessdate=16 December 2013}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://openlibrary.org/b/OL149382M/Effective_dispute_settlement_under_the_katarungang_pambarangay_law |title=Effective dispute settlement under the katarungang pambarangay law |publisher=Open Library |date=2009-12-11 |accessdate=2010-01-17}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite news|last=Tibaldo|first=Art|title=Settlement of Conflicts in the Barangay (1st of two parts)|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/baguio/opinion/2013/04/15/tibaldo-settlement-conflicts-barangay-1st-two-parts-277735|accessdate=18 December 2013|newspaper=Sun-Star Baguio|date=April 15, 2013}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lawphil.net/courts/supreme/ac/ac_14_1993.html|title=Circular No. 14-93 : Guidelines on the Katarungang Pambarangay procedure|date=July 15, 1993|work=Supreme Court Administrative Circular|publisher=lawphil.net}} 10. ^1 {{cite news|title=KATARUNGANG PAMBARANGAY|url=http://www.ls.pnp.gov.ph/July%202012%20Legal%20Advisories.pdf|accessdate=18 December 2013|newspaper=Legal Advisories|date=July 2012|agency=Philippine National Police}} External links
3 : Barangays of the Philippines|Philippine law|Legal codes |
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