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词条 Sara Jane Moore
释义

  1. Background

  2. Attempted assassination of Gerald Ford

  3. Trial and imprisonment

  4. Release

  5. Media

  6. Popular culture

  7. History

  8. Quotes

  9. See also

  10. References

  11. External links

{{short description|American failed assassin}}{{Infobox criminal
|name = Sara Jane Moore
|birth_name = Sara Jane Kahn
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1930|2|15|mf=y}}
|birth_place = Charleston, West Virginia, U.S.
|death_date =
|death_place =
|charge = Attempted assassination of U.S. president Gerald Ford
|conviction_penalty = Life sentence
|conviction_status = Paroled
}}

Sara Jane Moore (née Kahn; born February 15, 1930) is an American who attempted to assassinate US President Gerald Ford in 1975.[1][2] She was given a life sentence for the attempted assassination and was released from prison on December 31, 2007, after serving 32 years. Moore and Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme are the only two women to have attempted to assassinate an American president; both of their attempts were on Gerald Ford and both took place in California within three weeks of one another.

Background

Moore was born in Charleston, West Virginia, the daughter of Ruth (née Moore) and Olaf Kahn.[3] Her paternal grandparents were German immigrants.[4] Moore had been a nursing school student, Women's Army Corps recruit, and accountant. Divorced five times, she had four children before she turned to revolutionary politics in 1975.[5][6] Moore comes from a Christian background.[4] She later began practicing Judaism.[7]

Moore's friends said that she had a fascination and an obsession with Patricia Hearst.[8] After Hearst was kidnapped by the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA), her father Randolph Hearst created the organization People In Need (PIN) to feed the poor as a response to the SLA's claims that the elder Hearst was "committing 'crimes' against 'the people{{'"}}.[8] Moore, a volunteer bookkeeper for PIN, also functioned as an FBI informant[5][8][9] when she attempted to assassinate Ford.

Attempted assassination of Gerald Ford

{{Main|Gerald Ford assassination attempt in San Francisco}}

Moore had been evaluated by the Secret Service earlier in 1975, but agents decided that she posed no danger to the president.[10] She had been picked up by police on an illegal handgun charge the day before the Ford incident, but was released. The police confiscated her .44 caliber revolver and 113 rounds of ammunition.

Moore's assassination attempt took place in San Francisco on September 22, 1975, just 17 days after Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme's attempted assassination of Ford. She was standing in the crowd across the street from the St. Francis Hotel, and was about {{convert|40|ft}} away from Ford[11] when she fired a single shot at him with a .38 caliber revolver.[2] She was using a gun she bought in haste that same morning and did not know the sights were six inches off the point-of-impact at that distance, and she narrowly missed.[12]

After realizing she had missed, she raised her arm again, and Oliver Sipple, a former Marine, dived towards her and grabbed her arm, possibly saving Ford's life.[13][14] Sipple said at the time: "I saw [her gun] pointed out there and I grabbed for it. [...] I lunged and grabbed the woman's arm and the gun went off."[15] The bullet from the second shot ricocheted and hit John Ludwig, a 42-year-old taxi driver. Ludwig survived.[16] U.S. District Judge Samuel Conti, still on the bench in 2010, spoke on the record, saying that Moore would have killed Ford had she had her own gun, and it was only "because her gun was faulty" that the president's life was spared.[12]

Trial and imprisonment

Moore pleaded guilty[17] to attempted assassination and was sentenced to life in prison.[18][19] At her sentencing hearing Moore stated: "Am I sorry I tried? Yes and no. Yes, because it accomplished little except to throw away the rest of my life. And, no, I'm not sorry I tried, because at the time it seemed a correct expression of my anger."[20] In 1979, Moore escaped from the Alderson Federal Prison Camp in Alderson, West Virginia, but was captured hours later.[21] After her return, she was transferred to a more secure facility, and she served the remainder of her term at the federal women's prison in Dublin, California, where she worked in the UNICOR prison labor program for $1.25 per hour as the Lead Inmate Operating Accountant.[11][22] Moore had the Federal Bureau of Prisons register number 04851-180.[23]

In an interview in 2004, former President Ford described Moore as "off her mind" and said that he continued making public appearances, even after two attempts on his life within such a short time, because "a president has to be aggressive, has to meet the people."[24]

Release

On December 31, 2007, at age 77, Moore was released from prison on parole after serving 32 years of her life sentence. Ford had died from natural causes on December 26, 2006, one year and five days before her release. Moore has stated that she regrets the assassination attempt, saying she was "blinded by her radical political views".[25][26] Moore was released under a federal law that makes parole mandatory for inmates who have served at least 30 years of a life sentence and have maintained a satisfactory disciplinary record. When asked about her crime in an interview, Moore stated, "I am very glad I did not succeed. I know now that I was wrong to try."[27]

Media

On May 28, 2009, Moore appeared on NBC's Today program, her first television appearance since leaving prison on parole.[28]

Moore also discussed her 1979 escape from prison. She revealed that an inmate told her, "when jumping the fence just put your hand on the barbed wire, you'll only have a few puncture wounds." She went on to say, "If I knew that I was going to be captured several hours later, I would have stopped at the local bar just to get a drink and a burger."[29]

Excerpts from an interview with Moore by Latif Nasser appear on an episode of the radio program Radiolab titled "Oliver Sipple", which was released on September 22, 2017. In the interview, Moore discusses the scene from the day she attempted to assassinate President Ford and her perspective of being stopped by Oliver Sipple.[30]

Popular culture

Moore's story is one of nine told in Stephen Sondheim and John Weidman's musical Assassins. Moore, John Wilkes Booth, Charles J. Guiteau and Leon Czolgosz appear in "The Gun Song".

History

A biography of Moore called Taking Aim at the President was published in 2009 by Geri Spieler, a writer who had a correspondence with Moore for 28 years.[31][32]

Quotes

  • "I do regret I didn't succeed, and allow the winds of change to start. I wish I had killed him. I did it to create chaos." (1975)[33][34]
  • "I didn't want to kill anybody, but there comes a point when the only way you can make a statement is to pick up a gun."[1][6]
  • "The government had declared war on the left. Nixon's appointment of Ford as Vice President and his resignation making Ford President seemed to be a continuing assault on America."[35]
  • "I know now that I was wrong to try. Thank God I didn't succeed. People kept saying he would have to die before I could be released, and I did not want my release from prison to be dependent on somebody, on something happening to somebody else, so I wanted him to live to be 100." (2007)[36]

See also

  • Gerald Ford assassination attempt in San Francisco
  • Lynette "Squeaky"
  • Oliver Sipple

References

1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://tvnews.vanderbilt.edu/program.pl?ID=242105|title=CBS Evening News for Thursday, September 25, 1975|accessdate=2007-01-03|work=Vanderbilt Television News Archive|publisher=Vanderbilt University}}
2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=50791|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130103031424/http://www.history.com/tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=50791|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2013-01-03|title=President Ford survives second assassination attempt|accessdate=2007-01-03|work=This Day In History|publisher=The History Channel}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=cO8rAAAAIBAJ&sjid=32gFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1084,2562758&dq=west-virginia-neighbors-recall-young-mrs-moore&hl=en|title=Kentucky New Era - Google News Archive Search|publisher=news.google.com|accessdate=2015-07-23}}
4. ^1 {{cite book|title=Taking Aim at the President: The Remarkable Story of the Woman Who Shot at Gerald Ford|author=Spieler, G.|date=2008|publisher=St. Martin's Press|isbn=9780230621848|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eg2Ed3efhEMC&pg=PA20|page=20|accessdate=2015-07-23}}
5. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,913511,00.html|title=Making of a Misfit|work=Time Magazine|date=1975-10-06}}
6. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/features/article/85363.html|title=Assassins Shooting Gallery, Part III: Garrison as Fromme and Baker as Moore|accessdate=2007-01-03|last=Hernandez|first=Ernio|date=2004-04-05|work=Playbill|publisher=Playbill|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930193450/http://www.playbill.com/features/article/85363.html|archivedate=2007-09-30|df=}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/324/000023255/|title=Sara Jane Moore|publisher=nndb.com|accessdate=2015-07-23}}
8. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Timeline: Guerrilla: The Taking of Patty Hearst|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/guerrilla/timeline/timeline2.html|accessdate=2007-01-03|date=2005-02-16|work=American Experience|publisher=Public Broadcasting Service}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Public Report of the White House Security Review|url=http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/ustreas/usss/t1pubrpt.html|author=United States Secret Service|accessdate=2007-01-03|publisher=United States Department of the Treasury|quote=Just seventeen days after the Fromme incident, Sara Jane Moore fired a bullet at President Ford in San Francisco. As President Ford exited a downtown hotel, Moore, standing in a crowd of onlookers across the street, pointed her pistol at him. Just before she fired, a civilian grabbed at the gun and deflected the shot. The bullet missed Ford but slightly injured a bystander. Moore was a known radical and a former FBI informant.}}
10. ^{{cite news|first=James|last=Carney|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,988864,00.html|title=How To Make The Secret Service's "Unwanted" List|work=Time Magazine|publisher=Time Warner|date=1998-08-03|accessdate=2007-01-03}}
11. ^1 {{cite news|first=Jill|last=Tucker|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/10/29/BAG9LM27J51.DTL|title=Kenneth Iacovoni -- special agent|work=San Francisco Chronicle|page=B-7|date=2006-10-29|accessdate=2007-01-03}}
12. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.gerispieler.com|title='Taking Aim at the President', by Geri Spieler}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.randomhouse.com/features/americancentury/imperialpres.html|title=The Imperial Presidency: 1972-1980|accessdate=2007-01-03|last=Evans|first=Harold|year=1998|work=The American Century|publisher=Random House}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=Remember... Oliver Sipple (1941-1989)|url=http://www.lambda.net/~maximum/sipple.html|accessdate=2007-01-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103155735/http://www.lambda.net/~maximum/sipple.html|archivedate=2006-11-03}}
15. ^Seattle Times. "Ford 'won't cower' after shooting." September 23, 1975.
16. ^[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/30/AR2006123000160.html Caught in Fate's Trajectory, Along With Gerald Ford], Lynne Duke, The Washington Post, December 30, 2006, p. D01.
17. ^{{cite web|title=December 12, 1975 in History|url=http://www.brainyhistory.com/events/1975/december_12_1975_148048.html|accessdate=2007-01-03|work=BrainyHistory}}
18. ^{{cite video|people=Nevas, Steve (news anchor)|date=1976|title=Ten O'Clock News broadcast|url=http://main.wgbh.org/ton/programs/8_02.html|medium=Television news|location=Boston, MA|publisher=WGBH}}
19. ^{{cite web|title=January 15, 1976 in History|url=http://www.brainyhistory.com/events/1976/january_15_1976_148171.html|accessdate=2007-01-03|work=BrainyHistory}}
20. ^{{cite book|author=Geri Spieler|title=Taking Aim at the President: The Remarkable Story of the Woman Who Shot at Gerald Ford|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eg2Ed3efhEMC&pg=PA177|date=23 December 2008|publisher=St. Martin's Press |isbn=978-0-230-62184-8|page=177}}
21. ^{{cite news|title='Squeaky' Fromme Sought After an Apparent Escape|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DEEDD1E39F937A15751C1A961948260|first=John T.|last=McQuiston|work=New York Times|date=1987-12-24}}
22. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2000/08/12/MNR6BA1.DTL |title=Ford Assailant Blocks Prison Key Crackdown|work=San Francisco Chronicle |page=A-21 |date=2000-08-12 |accessdate=2007-01-03}}
23. ^"Sara Jane Moore." Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved on January 9, 2010.
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0406/08/lkl.01.html|title=Interview with former President Gerald Ford and former first lady Betty Ford|accessdate=2007-01-03|last=King|first=Larry|date=2004-06-08|work=Larry King Live|publisher=CNN}}
25. ^{{cite news|title=Would-be Ford assassin freed from prison on parole |url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/12/31/moore.release/index.html|publisher=CNN.com |date=2007-12-31}}
26. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,319278,00.html|title=Woman Who Tried to Assassinate President Ford Released From Prison|publisher=FOX News|date=2007-12-31}}
27. ^{{cite news|title=Sara Jane Moore, who tried to kill Ford in '75, freed on parole|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2008%2F01%2F01%2FMN2UU7JA4.DTL|first=Michael|last=Taylor|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date=2008-01-01|accessdate=2008-10-01|deadurl=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080202063357/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2008%2F01%2F01%2FMN2UU7JA4.DTL|archivedate=2008-02-02|df=}}
28. ^http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/30978026/ns/today-today_people/ msnbc.com
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theweek.com/article/index/97054/Video_Sara_Jane_Moore_on_the_Today_show|title=Video: Sara Jane Moore on the 'Today' show|publisher=theweek.com|accessdate=2015-07-23}}
30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.radiolab.org/story/oliver-sipple/ |title=Oliver Sipple |last=Radiolab |publisher=WYNC |date=September 22, 2017 |website=Radiolab |access-date=September 22, 2017}}
31. ^{{Cite book |last=Spieler |first=Geri |year=2009 |title=Taking Aim at the President: The Remarkable Story of the Woman Who Shot at Gerald Ford |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eg2Ed3efhEMC&printsec=frontcover#v=twopage&q&f=false |location=New York |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=9780230610231 |oclc=226357171}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gerispieler.com/taking-aim-at-the-president.html|title=Taking Aim at the President|publisher=gerispieler.com|accessdate=2015-07-23|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723091202/http://gerispieler.com/Geris_Book_Taking_Aim.html|archivedate=2015-07-23|df=}}
33. ^{{cite news |first=Eileen |last=Keerdoja |title=Squeaky and Sara Jane |url=http://www.squeakyfromme.org/media/keerdoja.htm |work=Newsweek |date=1976-11-08 |accessdate=2007-01-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070118103246/http://www.squeakyfromme.org/media/keerdoja.htm |archivedate=2007-01-18 |df= }}
34. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.suck.com/daily/2001/02/12/1.html |title=Putting the Ass Back in Assassin |accessdate=2007-01-03 |date=2001-02-12 |work=Suck. Com }}
35. ^{{cite web |title=Interview: Woman Who Tried To Assassinate Ford |url=http://abclocal.go.com/kgo/story?section=local&id=4900159 |accessdate=2007-01-03 |last=Lee |first=Vic |date=2007-01-02 |work=ABC-7 News |publisher=KGO-TV}}
36. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/01/03/ford.funeral/index.html |title=Former President Ford lauded, laid to rest |accessdate=2007-03-22 |date=2007-01-04 |publisher=CNN |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070320185713/http://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/01/03/ford.funeral/index.html |archivedate = 2007-03-20}}

External links

  • Photograph of Ford and his Secret Service agents taken just after Moore fired her shot.
  • Photographs of both the Fromme and Moore assassination attempts from the Ford Presidential Library.
  • More photographs of both the Fromme and Moore assassination attempts from the Ford Presidential Library.
{{Gerald Ford|state=collapsed}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Moore, Sara Jane}}

17 : 1930 births|Living people|20th-century criminals|American escapees|American former Christians|American Jews|American failed assassins|American people convicted of attempted murder|American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment|Converts to Judaism from Christianity|Escapees from United States federal government detention|Failed assassins of Presidents of the United States|FBI informants|Presidency of Gerald Ford|People from Charleston, West Virginia|People paroled from life sentence|Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by the United States federal government
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