| 词条 | Kathleen Faragher |
| 释义 |
| name = Kathleen Faragher | image = Kathleen Faragher.jpg | imagesize = 200px | caption = Kathleen Faragher, as she appears in Where Curlews Call | birth_name = Kathleen Faragher | birth_date = 1904 | birth_place = Ramsey, Isle of Man | death_date = 1974 | death_place = Glen Mona, Maughold, Isle of Man | occupation = Poet | nationality = Manx | period = | genre = Poetry, short stories, drama | subject = | movement = | signature = }} Kathleen Faragher (1904–1974) was the most significant and prolific Manx dialect author of the mid twentieth century. She is best known for her poems first published in the Ramsey Courier and collected into five books published between 1955 and 1967. She was also a prolific short story writer and playwright. Her work is renowned for its humour born of a keen observation of Manx characters, and for its evocative portrayal of the Isle of Man and its people. LifeKathleen Faragher was born in 1904 in Ramsey, Isle of Man, to Joseph and Catherine Anne Faragher, owners of a grocer and provision merchant business on Approach Road.[1] Kathleen was the youngest of five children: Laurence (who died in Gibraltar in 1944 during WWII),[2] Fred (later manager of Martin's Bank, Peel),[3] Joseph (who took over the family business but died in 1946),[3] Evelyn (who emigrated to Auckland, New Zealand, where she died in 1949)[4] and herself. Kathleen Faragher was raised in Ramsey until about 1924, when she moved to London to take up a business career.[5] After 25 years working in London, ill-health forced her into early retirement, whereupon she returned to live on the Isle of Man in October 1949.[6] Faragher lived first in Ramsey but eventually moved to Maughold, finally coming to live near to the Dhoon Church in Glen Mona. PoetryFaragher's first poem, 'Blue Point', was published in the Ramsey Courier on 14 October 1949.[7] The poem was written whilst in Kent and sent to the paper, who surprised Faragher in accepting it, although it was not published until she had returned to live on the island.[6] This poem was different in style to Faragher's subsequent work and it was only published in her third book of poetry, Where Curlews Call, in 1959, by which time it had been substantially rewritten. Her next poem, 'Maughold Head', was published at the start of February 1950, after which her poems were published regularly in the Ramsey Courier.[8] Her first published poem in the Anglo-Manx dialect was 'A Lament', which appeared in September 1950.[9] Her poems were quickly picked up as special evocations of the Isle of Man and they were recited at meetings of Manx Societies in England alongside poems by the Manx National Poet, T. E. Brown, as early as November 1951.[10] Her poems, 'Maughold Head' and 'In Exile', were set to music by C. Sydney Marshall and had been cut to record by February 1960.[11][12][13] Her first book of poems, Green Hills by the Sea, was published in February 1955 by The Ramsey Courier Ltd. The book's title is a reference to the popular song, 'Ellan Vannin', composed from a poem by Eliza Craven Green. The book was described as displaying Faragher's "deep insight into Manx feelings and a nostalgic love of the old folk and ways" by George Bellairs.[14] The collection opened with 'Land of My Birth', which she described as "the greatest compliment she can pay to the Manx people" and with which she usually ended her recitals.[6] I love this purple-misted Isle,This land where I was born.The gorse-clad hills and bracken tops,The fields of waving corn.[...]But best of all I love to hearThe gentle, lilting voiceOf kindly Manx folk greeting me:It makes my heart rejoice,To feel once more the friendly hand,To hear the welcome warm,To look into each smiling faceAnd know I have come home. Her second collection, This Purple-Misted Isle, was published in October 1957. The title was another reference to her forebears of Manx literature, this time to T. E. Brown, a reference continued within the collection with Faragher's 'The Immortal "Kitty"' paying homage to Brown's 'Kitty o' the Sherragh Vane' from his Fo'c's'le Yarns. The collection had a Foreword by the Lieutenant Governor, Ambrose Flux Dundas. It proved to be very popular, having to be reprinted by the end of the year, and by the end of 1959 a third print had also almost sold out.[15] This collection included 'The Homecomer', which displays her distinctive Anglo-Manx conversational style: [...]"It isn' me dyin' that I min', boy,"She said as she sat by her bed;"I'd go peaceful if it wasn' for thinkin'Ye'll be managin' so maul when I'm dead."An' Billy sthroked her cheek – so the tale goes –An' whispered all lovin' an' low,"Dunt be grievin', Nellie Kate; theer's no need to gel,To worry about me when yer go!For theer's the nices' li'l wumman in LaxaaThat I've had me eye on this las' bit;She'll look after me well, I can tell yer,So take yer res', Nellie Kate, an' dunt fret!"My gough! She gorrup from that bed theerLike an arra shot straight from the bow!Ay! an' Billy himself was years buried'Fore herself in the en' had to go![...] By 1959 Faragher's poems had been heard on BBC Radio a number of times, recited both by herself and by others.[6][16] It was in October of that year that her third collection was released, Where Curlews Call, bearing a perceptive Preface by Sir Ralph Stevenson:
Her subsequent collections of poetry were These Fairy Shores (1962) and English and Manx Dialect Poems (1967). Faragher's poems can be predominantly categorised into two types: light-humoured dialect vignettes or lyrical descriptions of the Isle of Man. Her poems are distinctive in Manx literature in being prevailingly from or of a female perspective and based within the family or home environment. Theatre and proseAs early as 1951 Faragher had been experimenting with extending her conversational monologue Anglo-Manx poems into theatrical dialogues for performance.[17] In 1964 four such 'character sketches' were published as Kiare Cooisghyn. As was distinctive of her dialect poetry, all of these pieces were written for middle-aged or elderly female characters and used a very tender humour born of a close observation of Manx character. Something of this is shown in the first 'duologue' from the collection, 'The Caffy' in which two women discuss the new café in town: [...] Mrs K. An' what like was the china? Gran' mighty I suppose? Mrs C. Aw! somethin' awful that was! Rale indacent, in fac'. A whole lorra naked childher flyin' about on the plates shootin' bows an' arras. Mrs K. Aw! them 'ud be l'il Cupids. Mrs C. Li'l Cupids? Li'l divils, more like! Why wan o' them was the dead spit o' that young dirt Kermid's yandher! Ay! skeetin' up at me through the gravy he was – enough to turn yer! [...] She came to concentrate on prose towards the end of her life, publishing By The Red Fuchsia Tree in 1967, a collection of short stories interspersed with reprints of poems from her earlier collections. This was followed by a long series of short dialect stories published under the pseudonym, "Kirree Ann", in the Ramsey Courier at a rate of almost one a week over the last two years of her life.[5] This output of nearly 100 short stories makes her the most prolific Manx short story writer of the twentieth Century. Death and legacyKathleen Faragher died in 1974, on the same day as her final story was published in the Ramsey Courier.[18] She was buried in the family plot in Maughold churchyard, a graveyard also associated with other important Manx writers such as T. E. Brown, Hall Caine, Cushag and William Kennish. Six years after her death, her friend, Constance Radcliffe, the leading authority on the local history of Ramsey and Maughold, wrote of Faragher's work that:[5]
Her work continues to be popularly performed in recitals on the Isle of Man, despite none of her books having been republished after her death, and her "Kirree Ann" stories having never been collected. In 2015 a project to record the memories of those who knew and remember Faragher was launched.[19] Funded by Culture Vannin, it is envisioned to tie in with the Culture Vannin oral history programme,[20] but also to reach more widely to collect unpublished works, memorabilia or other artefacts that might be uncovered. In introducing the initiative, the project organiser gave an estimation of Faragher's work in relation to Manx literature: "the importance of her work to the Isle of Man would be hard to overestimate. It would be a tragedy for Manx culture if we did not do everything in our power to preserve all we can of her memory."[21] Publications
References1. ^'Death of Mrs Jos. Faragher' in Ramsey Courier, 29 April 1932 2. ^'Naval Officer Dies at Gibraltar' in Ramsey Courier, 20 October 1944 3. ^1 'Sudden Death of Mr J. C. Faragher' in Ramsey Courier, 8 March 1946 4. ^'Sister of Mr F. C. Faragher Dies in Australia' in Ramsey Courier, 11 November 1949 5. ^1 2 William Radcliffe and Constance Radcliffe, A History of Kirk Maughold, Manx Museum and National Trust: Douglas, 1979, p. 326 – 327 6. ^1 2 3 'Fenella Meets a Poetess' in Isle of Man Daily Times, 1 December 1959 (available through the Manx National Heritage's iMuseum) 7. ^'Blue Point' in Ramsey Courier, 14 October 1949 (available through the Manx National Heritage's iMuseum) 8. ^'Maughold Head' in Ramsey Courier, 3 February 1950 (available through the Manx National Heritage's iMuseum) 9. ^'A Lament' in Ramsey Courier, 8 September 1950 10. ^'T. E. Brown Night at Manchester' in Mona's Herald, 6 November 1951 11. ^'Kathleen Faragher's Poems Set to Music' in Ramsey Courier, 23 November 1951 12. ^'Manchester Manx Society' in Isle of Man Times, 4 November 1954 13. ^'Ramsey Gramophone Society' in Ramsey Courier, 5 February 1960 14. ^'Kathleen Faragher's Manx Poems' in Ramsey Courier, 1 April 1955 15. ^'Where Curlew's Call' in Ramsey Courier, 31 December 1959 16. ^'On the B.B.C. Programme' in Isle of Man Times, 19 December 1958 17. ^'Maughold W.I.' in Ramsey Courier, 30 November 1951 18. ^[https://soundcloud.com/manxliterature/manx-radio-interview-01-apr-2015-kathleen-faragher-project-launch 'Manx Radio Interview, 01 Apr 2015: Kathleen Faragher Project launch'], recording of the Shiaght Laa interview on Manx Radio, 1 April 2015, available on the Manx Literature Soundcloud page (accessed 12 April 2015) 19. ^'The Kathleen Faragher Project' on the Manx Literature website, www.manxliterature.com (accessed 10 April 2015) 20. ^'Oral History - Beealeydys', Culture Vannin http://www.culturevannin.im/ (accessed 13 April 2015) 21. ^‘Project aims to capture memories of Manx poet Kathleen’, Isle of Man Courier 10 April 2015 External links
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