| 词条 | Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay |
| 释义 |
}}{{EngvarB|date=July 2015}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}{{Infobox writer | name = Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay | native_name = | image = Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay 1976 stamp of India.jpg | image_size = | caption = | pseudonym = Anila Devi | birth_date = {{Birth date|1876|09|15|df=y}} | birth_place = Debanandapur, Hooghly district, Bengal Presidency, India (now in West Bengal, India) | death_date = {{Death date and age|1938|01|16|1876|09|17|df=y}} | death_place = Calcutta, Bengal Presidency, India (now Kolkata, West Bengal, India) | occupation = Writer, novelist | language = Bengali | nationality = British Indian | period = 19th century-20th century | genre = | subject = | movement = Bengali renaissance | notableworks = Choritrohin Devdas Parineeta Pather Dabi | spouse = | partner = | children = | awards = | signature = }}Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, alternatively spelt as Sarat Chandra Chatterjee (15 September 1876 – 16 January 1938), was a Bengali novelist and short story writer. He is arguably the most popular novelist in the Bengali language.[1] His notable works include Devdas, Srikanta, Choritrohin, Grihadaha, etc. Most of his works deal with the lifestyle, tragedy and struggle of the village people and the contemporary social practices that prevailed in Bengal. He remains the most popular, translated, adapted, and plagiarized Indian author of all time.[2] BiographySarat Chandra Chattopadhyay was born on 15 September 1876,[3] in Debanandapur, a small village two miles northwest of Bandel in Hooghly, West Bengal. His father Motilal Chattopadhyay was an idler and dreamer who held irregular jobs. He could not finish novels and stories that he had started writing, but passed on his imagination and love of literature to Sarat Chandra. His, wife Bhuvanmohini, and their five children lived for many years in his father-in-law Kedarnath Gangopadhyay's house in Bhagalpur, Bihar. Sarat Chandra was a daring, adventure-loving boy. Most of his schooling was in informal village schools called pathshalas.[4] He was a good student and got a double promotion that enabled him to skip a grade.[5] He passed his Entrance Examination (public examination at the end of Class X) but could not take his F.A. (First Arts) examination or attend college due to lack of funds.[6] Sarat Chandra started writing in his early teens. After finishing his formal studies, he spent much of his time interacting with friends, acting in plays, and in playing sports and games. Several of his famous novels and stories were written during this period.[5] In 1893, Sarat Chandra moved to Burma. Part of his novel, Srikanto, is based on his experiences in Burma. He got a temporary job in Burma Railway's audit office and later worked for many years in Burma's public works accounts office. While living in Rangoon, he married his first wife Shanti. He was deeply hurt when his wife and one-year-old son died from plague. He married his second wife Mokshada (later renamed Hironmoyee) also in Rangoon and taught her to read and write. She outlived him by 23 years. In 1916, Sarat Chandra moved backed to India and settled in Howrah, near Kolkata. It is during this time that he improved his Sanskrit skills from "Kabyasri" Kishorimohan Mukherjee. He devoted himself to writing and established himself as one of India's major novelists and story writers. He was involved in India's freedom struggle and served as the president of Howrah district branch of Indian National Congress (1921–1936). University of Calcutta awarded him the prestigious Jagattarini medal. University of Dhaka awarded him an honorary doctorate (D.Litt.). On 2 Magh 1344 or 16 January 1938 he died, from cancer of the liver. House of Chattopadhyay{{Main|Sarat Chandra Kuthi}}After returning from Burma, Chattopadhyay stayed for 11 years in Baje Shibpur, Howrah. Then he made a house in the village of Samtabere. He spent the later years of his life as a novelist in Samtabere and in another house in Kolkata. His house in Samtabere is often called as Sarat Chandra Kuthi in the map of Samtabere or Samta, in the Howrah district of West Bengal.The two storied Burmese style house was also home to Sarat Chandra's brother, Swami Vedananda, who was a disciple of Belur Math. His and his brother's samadhi can still be seen there. The trees like bamboo, galoncho and the guava trees planted by the renowned author are still tourist attractions.[7] AppreciationThe phenomenal popularity of Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay has been attested by some of the most prominent writers as well as literary critics across India in their writings.[8] Most of the authors in Assam and Odisha, at least before the Independence, read him admiringly in original Bengali; rest of India read him in translations in varying quality. Publishers were never tired of reprinting his works; he remains the most translated, the most adapted and the most plagiarized author.[8] His novels also reached a number of people through the medium of film and he is still an important force in Indian cinema. O. N. V. Kurup[8] writes "...Sarat Chandra's name is cherished as dearly as the names of eminent Malayalam novelists. His name has been a household word". Dr Mirajkar[9] informs "the translations of Sarat Chandra created a stir amongst the readers and writers all over Maharashtra. He has become a known literary personality in Maharashtra in the rank of any popular Marathi writers including H. N. Apte, V. S. Khandekar, N. S. Phadke and G. T. Madkholkar". Jainendra Kumar,[8] who considers that his contribution towards the creation and preservation of cultural India is second, perhaps, only to that of Gandhi, asks a rhetorical question summing up Sarat Chandra's position and presumably the role of translation and inter-literary relationship: "Sarat Chandra was a writer in Bengali; but where is that Indian language in which he did not become the most popular when he reached it?" FilmsHis works have been made into around fifty films in many Indian languages.[8] Particularly, his novel Devdas has been made into sixteen versions, from Bengali, Hindi to Telugu. Parineeta has also been made twice. In 1957 Bardidi was made by director Ajoy Kar. Rajlakshmi O Srikanta and Indranath Srikanta O Annadadidi by Haridas Bhattacharya in 1958 and 1959 respectively, Majhli Didi (1967) by Hrishikesh Mukherjee and Swami (1977), for which he was awarded the Filmfare Award for Best Story, are other adaptations. Another famous film Chhoti Bahu (1971) is based on his novel Bindur Chhele. His Novel 'Datta' was adapted into a Bengali film as Datta (film) in 1976 starring Suchitra Sen and Soumitra Chatterjee in the lead roles. The film Sabyasachi (film) was released in 1977 based on his work Pather Dabi. The other movies based on his novel were Nishkriti, and Apne Paraye (1980) by Basu Chatterjee, starring Amol Palekar.[10] The Telugu film Thodi Kodallu (1957) is also based on this novel. Gulzar's 1975 film, Khushboo is majorly inspired by his work Pandit Mashay. The 1961 Telugu film Vagdanam by Acharya Atreya is loosely based on his novel Datta. Also the 2011 film Aalo Chhaya is based on his short story, Aalo O Chhaya. WorksSarat Chandra wrote novels, novellas, and stories.[11] His first novel was Badadidi (1907), which was published in the Bharati and made him well known. He went on to write several stories and novels, including
He also wrote essays, which were anthologized in Narir Mulya (1923) and Svadesh O Sahitya (1932). Shrikanta, Charitrahin, Devdas, Grihadaha, Dena-Paona and Pather Dabi are among his most popular works. Pather Dabi was banned by the British Government because of its revolutionary theme. His posthumous publications include Chhelebelar Galpa, Shubhada (1938), Sheser Parichay (1939), Sharat Chandrer Granthabali (1948) and Sharat Chandrer Aprakashita Rachanabali (1951). He wrote some essays including Narir Itihas (The History of Women) and Narir Mulya (The Value of Women). Narir Itihas, which was lost in a house fire, contained a history of women on the lines of Spencer's Descriptive Sociology. While the second, Narir Mulya gives a theory of women's rights in the context of Mill's and Spencer's arguments.[12] Stories
Sarat Chandra converted three of his works into plays.
See also
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/335823|title=An Insight Into Sarat Chandra’s Depiction Of Dynamic Women|website=Daily Sun|language=en|access-date=2018-12-24}} 2. ^{{Cite web|title = A History of Indian Literature 1911–1956: Struggle for Freedom: Triumph and Tragedy{{!}}South Asia Books (1 September 1995)|url = https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=8172017987|accessdate = 9 April 2015}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last=Sarker|first=Subhash Chandra|title=Sarat Chandra Chatterjee: The Great Humanist|date=January–February 1977|journal=Indian Literature|volume=20|issue=1|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|location=New Delhi|pages=50|jstor=24157548}}{{Subscription required}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Suresh|first1=edited by Sushama|title=Who's who on Indian stamps|date=1999|publisher=Mohan B. Daryanani|location=Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Angel Guimera, 11)|isbn=8493110108|page=73|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZZPtAAAAMAAJ}} 5. ^1 {{Cite web|title = শরৎ রচনাবলী {{!}} Sarat Rachanabali|url = http://www.sarat-rachanabali.nltr.org/lifehistory.jsp|website = www.sarat-rachanabali.nltr.org|accessdate = 30 October 2015}} 6. ^{{Cite web|title = The mortals of Devdas|url = http://www.frontline.in/arts-and-culture/the-mortals-of-devdas/article6719027.ece|date = 9 January 2015|first = BY J. N.|last = Sinha}} 7. ^House of Sarat Chandra {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823221452/http://www.howrah.gov.in/Templates/tourist.html |date=23 August 2011 }} 8. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web|title = A History of Indian Literature 1911–1956: Struggle for Freedom: Triumph and Tragedy{{!}}South Asia Books (1 September 1995)|url = https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=8172017987|accessdate = 9 April 2015}} 9. ^{{Cite web|title = A History of Indian Literature 1911–1956: Struggle for Freedom: Triumph and Tragedy{{!}}South Asia Books (1 September 1995)|url = https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=8172017987|accessdate = 9 April 2015}} 10. ^{{cite book |title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema|author=Gulzar |authorlink=Gulzar |author2=Govind Nihalani, Saibal Chatterjee|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=2003|isbn=81-7991-066-0 |page=337 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC }} 11. ^{{Cite web|title = Remembering Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, the ‘Awara Masiha’|url = http://indianexpress.com/article/india/remembering-sarat-chandra-chattopadhyay-the-awara-masiha-on-his-139th-birth-anniversary/|website = The Indian Express|date = 15 September 2015|accessdate = 30 October 2015}} 12. ^{{cite book|last=Shandilya|first=Krupa|title=Intimate Relations: Social Reform and the Late Nineteenth-Century South Asian Novel|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/49217|year=2017|publisher=Northwestern University Press|isbn=978-0-8101-3424-9|page=46|via=Project MUSE}}{{Subscription required}} 13. ^{{Cite web|title = Classic Saratchandra {{!}} Penguin Books India|url = http://penguinqa.srijan-sites.com/en/content/classic-saratchandra|website = penguinqa.srijan-sites.com|accessdate = 30 October 2015}} 14. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/hindi-belt-a-glimpse-into-an-unfamiliar-world/article6815242.ece |title=Hindi Belt: A glimpse into an unfamiliar world|work=The Hindu|date= 23 January 2015|accessdate=30 October 2016}} 15. ^{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/remembering-sarat-chandra-chattopadhyay-the-awara-masiha-on-his-139th-birth-anniversary/|title=Remembering Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, the ‘Awara Masiha’|publisher=Indian Express |date=15 September 2015 |accessdate=2 November 2016}} 16. ^{{cite book|title=Great Vagabond: Biography and Immortal Works of Sarat Chandra Chatterjee|authors= Vishnu Prabhakar and (tr.) Jai Ratan|publisher=South Asia Books|year=1990}} Notes{{Refbegin|40em}}
External links{{Wikiquote}}
12 : 1876 births|1938 deaths|20th-century Indian novelists|People from Howrah|Bengali writers|Indian male novelists|Bengali-language writers|University of Calcutta alumni|Poets from West Bengal|Novelists from West Bengal|20th-century Indian short story writers|20th-century Indian male writers |
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