| 词条 | Katrina Edwards |
| 释义 |
| name = Katrina Jane Edwards | image = | birth_date = March 15, 1968 | death_date = October 26, 2014 | other_names = Mistress of the Dark World | fields = Geomicrobiology }}Katrina Jane Edwards (15 March 1968 - 26 October 2014) was a pioneering geomicrobiologist known for her studies of organisms living below the ocean floor, specifically exploring the interactions between the microbes and their geological surroundings, and how global processes were influenced by these interactions.[1] She spearheaded the Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigation (C-DEBI) project at the University of Southern California, which is ongoing. Edwards also helped organize the deep biosphere research community by heading the Fe-Oxidizing Microbial Observatory Project on Loihi Seamount, and serving on several program steering committees involving ocean drilling.[1] Edwards taught at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute (WHOI) and later became a professor at the University of Southern California.[1][2] Life and educationKatrina Edwards was born the third of five children in March 15, 1968 in Columbus, Ohio, to Sandra and Timothy Edwards.[1] At Columbus Alternative High School Katrina completed her secondary education, and pursued an early career at the Delaware Municipal Airport in general airport operations and later as a chief flight instructor.[1][2] While continuing her work at the airport, Edwards attended Ohio State University to pursue an undergraduate degree in geology.[3] In 1994, she received her bachelor's degree with honors.[1] In 1996 Edwards left her work at the airport to attend the University of Wisconsin, Madison where she studied geochemistry, mineralogy, microbiology, oceanography, molecular biology and ecology.[2][4] There she earned a master's in geology with emphasis on isotope geochemistry and in 1999 she earned the first Ph.D. in geomicrobiology awarded by the university.[1][3] It was also at UW-Madison she met her future husband.[3] In 1999 Edwards moved to Massachusetts to join Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute.[3] There she established a geomicrobiology lab, which focused on the microbial transformation and degradation of solid Earth materials, specifically rocks, minerals, and organic matter.[3] Katrina Edwards died on October 26, 2014 at the age of 46. Edwards is survived by her parents, her siblings, and her three children.[2] Work and discoveriesWhile at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Edwards was an associate scientist in geochemistry and marine chemistry.[2] In 2006, Edwards began working at the University of Southern California (USC).[1] There she was a professor in the environmental studies, earth sciences, and biological sciences departments and became a mentor for many students and postdoctoral researchers.[2] In 2009, Edwards helped established the Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations (C-DEBI) at USC.[1] Creation of the technology center was done in partnership with USC, national laboratories, and several major research universities and was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) with a $29 million grant.[1] Since then, the Deep Carbon Observatory is also continuing to organize collaborative work on biological activity in the deep subsurface.[5] Edwards, as founding director and principle investigator of C-DEBI, worked with other scientist and led multiple expeditions in the North Atlantic Ocean, including international projects to explore the ocean's crust through deep drilling.[1][2] Edwards also headed the Fe-Oxidizing Microbial Observatory Project on Loihi Seamount, which was supported by the NSF.[2] The goal of these expeditions was to gather information about the role of intraterrestrials (organisms living under the sea floor or inside the earth) and their role in what she called "the tooth decay of the solid Earth," otherwise known as the degradation and transformation of Earth solid minerals and organic matter.[1][3] Katrina Edwards' contributions to geology and microbiology are evidenced in her authoring over 100 published papers, as well as contributing to and editing several microbiology textbooks, serving as the associate editor of American Mineralogist, and serving on the editorial boards of Environmental Microbiology, Geobiology and Geomicrobiology journals.[1] Published in 2000 in the journal Science, Edwards paper "An Archaeal Iron-oxidizing Extreme Acidophile Important in Acid Mine Drainage" featured as the cover story.[1] Edwards also published a blog on Scientific American's website, blogging about the experiences of her team so members of the public could follow the events as they occurred during a research expedition in the Mid-Atlantic Ocean.[1] Iron Transformation Pathways of InterterrestrialsEdwards studied interterrestrial transformation pathways (metabolic processes) of iron (Fe) in sulfide-mineral deposits and the effects of their metabolic reactions on their surroundings.[6] Iron is an important element in the biochemistry of mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems.[6] This is due to its abundance, its dynamic solubility, and oxidation-reduction properties. Most fluids discharged from hydrothermal vents contain and abundance of iron.[6] Iron plumed from hydrothermal vents in sulfide mineral deposits precipitate (form a solid) with sulfur (S).[6] The precipitate then becomes part of the physical structure of the sulfide deposit.[6] Iron also has the potential to act as the substrate for microbial metabolism and respiration.[6] This means that Fe can be reduced during a microbial process that use Fe in the place of oxygen to create energy.[6] This and other studies by Edwards have revealed how microbes can live deep in the earth's crust in bedrock that was previously thought to be devoid of life. Awards and recognition
Affiliated Organizations
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 {{cite web|url=https://dornsife.usc.edu/news/stories/1897/in-memoriam-katrina-j-edwards-46/|title=In Memoriam: Katrina J. Edwards, 46 > News > USC Dornsife|website=dornsife.usc.edu|publisher=USC Dornsife|last1=Cavalcanti|first1=Emily|accessdate=12 September 2016}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Edwards, Katrina}}2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{Cite web|url=https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/news/in-memoriam-katrina-edwards/|title=In Memoriam: Katrina Edwards|last=Scalice|first=Daniella|date=October 29, 2014|website=astrobiology.nasa.gov|publisher=Astrobiology at NASA|access-date=October 20, 2016}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite web|url=http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/feature/katrina-edwards|title=Katrina Edwards|website=Oceanus Magazine |publisher=Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution|access-date=2016-10-21}} 4. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.laweekly.com/la-life/katrina-edwards-mistress-of-the-dark-world-2165078|title=Katrina Edwards: Mistress of the Dark World|last=Stewart|first=Jill|date=2010-05-20|newspaper=L.A. Weekly|access-date=2016-10-21}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://deepcarbon.net|publisher=Carnegie Institute for Science|accessdate=22 December 2016|title=Home | Deep Carbon Observatory}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{Cite journal|last=Toner|first=Brandy M.|last2=Rouxel|first2=Olivier J.|last3=Santelli|first3=Cara M.|last4=Bach|first4=Wolfgang|last5=Edwards|first5=Katrina J.|date=2016-01-01|title=Iron Transformation Pathways and Redox Micro-Environments in Seafloor Sulfide-Mineral Deposits: Spatially Resolved Fe XAS and δ57/54Fe Observations|journal=Extreme Microbiology|pages=648|doi=10.3389/fmicb.2016.00648|pmc=4862312|pmid=27242685|volume=7}} 5 : 1968 births|2014 deaths|Geomicrobiologists|American biologists|University of Southern California faculty |
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