| 词条 | Satyagraha (opera) |
| 释义 |
| name = Satyagraha | composer = Philip Glass | image = Philip Glass in Florence, Italy - 1993.jpg | image_upright = | caption = The composer in 1993 | librettist = {{plainlist|
}} | based_on = life of Mahatma Gandhi | premiere_date = {{Start date|1980|09|05}} | premiere_location = {{ill|Schouwburg Rotterdam|nl|Rotterdamse Schouwburg|lt=Schouwburg}} }} Satyagraha ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɑː|t|j|ə|'|ɡ|r|ɑː|h|ɑː}}; Sanskrit सत्याग्रह, satyāgraha "insistence on truth") is a 1979 opera in three acts for orchestra, chorus and soloists, composed by Philip Glass, with a libretto by Glass and Constance DeJong. Loosely based on the life of Mahatma Gandhi, it forms the second part of Glass's "Portrait Trilogy" of operas about men who changed the world, which includes Einstein on the Beach and Akhnaten. Glass's style can broadly be described as minimalist. The work is scored for 2 sopranos, 2 mezzo-sopranos, 2 tenors, a baritone, 2 basses, a large SATB chorus, and an orchestra of strings and woodwinds only, no brass or percussion. Principal roles are Sonja Schlesin, Mahatma Gandhi, Hermann Kallenbach and Parsi Rustomji. The title refers to Gandhi's concept of non-violent resistance to injustice, Satyagraha, and the text, from the Bhagavad Gita, is sung in the original Sanskrit. In performance, translation is usually provided in supertitles. Performance historySatyagraha was commissioned by the city of Rotterdam, Netherlands, and first performed at the {{ill|Schouwburg Rotterdam|nl|Rotterdamse Schouwburg|lt=Schouwburg}} (Municipal Theatre) there on September 5, 1980, by the Netherlands Opera, featuring the choir of the Rotterdam Conservatory and the {{ill|Utrecht Symphony Orchestra|nl|Utrechts Symfonie Orkest}}, conducted by {{ill|Bruce Ferden|de}}.[1]The opera premiered in North America at the Artpark in Lewiston, New York, on July 29, 1981. It was also staged that same year by the Stuttgart Opera (which went on to perform the complete trilogy in 1990); this production was taped during its revival in 1983 and released on video.[2] The UK premiere was a joint production by Bath Spa University and Frome Community College in the theatre of Kingswood School in Bath in 1997.[3] {{ill|Silviu Purcărete|ro}} staged a new production of the opera in 2004 at the Theater Bonn, Germany, with a revival in 2013, with Ulrich Windfuhr conducting the Beethoven Orchester Bonn.[4]A new staging by the English National Opera and Improbable theatre, co-produced by the Metropolitan Opera, opened in London in April 2007[5] and in New York in April 2008.[6] It was revived in London in February 2010[7] and in New York in November 2011; the New York performance on November 19 was part of the Met Opera: Live in HD series. On September 16, 2014, a new production was staged at the Ekaterinburg State Academic Opera in Russia. The creative team included Thaddeus Strassberger (direction and scenic design), Mattie Ullrich (costume design) and Oliver von Dohnányi (conductor). A new production by Folkoperan and Cirkus Cirkör, directed by {{ill|Tilde Björfors|sv}} and conducted by Matthew Wood premiered at the Brooklyn Academy of Music's Harvey Theater on October 31, 2018.[8] [9][10]SynopsisThe opera is in three acts, each referencing a major related cultural figure. Act 1Leo Tolstoy
Act 2Rabindranath Tagore
Act 3Martin Luther King, Jr.
Recordings
See also
References1. ^Satyagraha, philipglass.com 2. ^{{cite news| url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/255555/Philip-Glass-Satyagraha/overview | work=The New York Times | accessdate=May 23, 2010 | title=Movies: About Philip Glass: Satyagraha}} 3. ^{{cite news|first=Phil|last=Johnson|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/review-opera-satyagraha-kingswood-school-bath-1279640.html|title=Review: Opera Satyagraha Kingswood School, Bath"|work=The Independent|location=London|date=February 20, 1997|accessdate=August 23, 2013}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de/news/kultur-und-medien/bonn/Philip-Glass-Gandhi-Oper-Satyagraha-wieder-auf-dem-Spielplan-article1070741.html|title=Philip Glass' Gandhi-Oper Satyagraha wieder auf dem Spielplan|first=Gunild|last=Lohmann|work=General-Anzeiger|location=Bonn|date=June 10, 2013}}{{de icon}} 5. ^{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/stage/opera/article1624066.ece|work=The Times|location=London|title=Satyagraha|first=Hilary|last=Finch|date=7 April 2007|accessdate=23 May 2010}} {{subscription required}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.metoperafamily.org/metopera/season/production.aspx?id=9251|title=Satyagraha}}{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016053057/http://www.metoperafamily.org/metopera/season/production.aspx?id=9251 |date=October 16, 2007 }} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.eno.org/see-whats-on/productions/production-page.php?itemid=27|title=Satyagraha}} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100407082215/http://www.eno.org/see-whats-on/productions/production-page.php?itemid=27 |date=April 7, 2010}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bam.org/opera/2018/satyagraha|location=New York|title=BAM Satyagraha|accessdate=November 2, 2018}} 9. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.limelightmagazine.com.au/features/71361/|work=Limelight Magazine|title=Aussie conductor Matthew Wood brings a Swedish Satyagraha to Brooklyn|first=Clive|last=Paget|date=October 30, 2018|accessdate=November 2, 2018}} 10. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.wnyc.org/story/opera-takes-air-new-satyagraha-production/|location=New York|work=WNYC|title=Opera Takes To The Air In New Satyagraha Production|first=John|last=Schaefer|date=October 31, 2018|accessdate=November 2, 2018}} External links
10 : 1980 operas|Cultural depictions of Mahatma Gandhi|Minimalist operas|Operas|Operas set in the 20th century|Operas set in India|Operas based on real people|Operas by Philip Glass|Philip Glass albums|Sanskrit-language operas |
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