词条 | AstroTurf |
释义 |
| name = AstroTurf | logo = | type = Subsidiary | key_people = {{ubl|Heard Smith {{small|(CEO)}}|Philip Snider {{small|(COO)}}}} | homepage = {{URL|https://astroturf.com/}} | foundation ={{start date and age|1964}} | location_city = Dalton, Georgia | location_country = US | parent = SportGroup | owner = Equistone Partners Europe | footnotes = [1] }}AstroTurf is an American subsidiary that produces artificial turf for playing surfaces. The original AstroTurf product was a short-pile synthetic turf.[2] Since the early 2000s, AstroTurf has marketed taller pile systems that use infill materials to better replicate natural turf.[3] The prime reason to incorporate AstroTurf on game fields is to avoid the cost of laying and maintaining natural turf and to maximize hours of usage.{{Citation needed|date=February 2019}} In 2016, AstroTurf became a subsidiary of German-based SportGroup, a family of sports surfacing companies, which itself is owned by the investment firm Equistone Partners Europe.[4][1] HistoryThe original AstroTurf brand product was co-invented in 1965{{Contradict-inline|article=AstroTurf|section=History|reason=Section below has it installed at a school in 1964|date=February 2018}} by Donald L. Elbert, James M. Faria, and Robert T. Wright. It was patented in 1965 and originally sold under the name "ChemGrass". It was rebranded as AstroTurf by a company employee named John A. Wortmann after its first well-publicized use at the Houston Astrodome stadium in 1966.[5] Early iterations of the short-pile turf swept many major stadiums, but the product did need improvement. Concerns over directionality and traction led Monsanto's R&D department to implement a texturized nylon system. By imparting a crimped texture to the nylon after it was extruded, the product became highly uniform. In 1987, Monsanto consolidated its AstroTurf management, marketing, and technical activities in Dalton, Georgia, as AstroTurf Industries, Inc. In 1988, Balsam AG purchased all the capital stock of AstroTurf Industries, Inc. In 1994, Southwest Recreational Industries, Inc. (SRI) acquired the AstroTurf brand. In 1996, SRI was acquired by American Sports Products Group Inc. While AstroTurf was the industry leader throughout the late 20th century, other companies emerged in the early 2000s. FieldTurf, AstroTurf's chief competitor since the early 2000s, marketed a product of tall-pile polyethylene turf with infill, meant to mimic natural grass more than the older products. This third-generation turf, as it became known, changed the landscape of the marketplace. Although SRI successfully marketed AstroPlay, a third-generation turf product, increased competition gave way to lawsuits. In 2000, SRI was awarded $1.5 million in a lawsuit after FieldTurf was deemed to have lied to the public by making false statements regarding its own product and making false claims about AstroTurf and AstroPlay products.[6] Despite their legal victory, increased competition took its toll. In 2004, SRI declared bankruptcy.[7] Out of the bankruptcy proceedings, Textile Management Associates, Inc. (TMA) of Dalton, Georgia, acquired the AstroTurf brand and other assets. TMA began marketing the AstroTurf brand under the company AstroTurf, LLC. In 2006, General Sports Venue (GSV) became TMA's marketing partner for the AstroTurf brand for the American market. AstroTurf, LLC handled the marketing of AstroTurf in the rest of the world.[8] In 2009, TMA acquired GSV to enter the marketplace as a direct seller. AstroTurf, LLC focused its efforts on research and development, which has promoted rapid growth. AstroTurf introduced new product features and installation methods, including AstroFlect (a heat-reduction technology)[9] and field prefabrication (indoor, climate-controlled inlaying).[10] AstroTurf also introduced a product called "RootZone" consisting of crimped fibers designed to encapsulate infill.[11] This product has been adopted by many professional organizations and colleges in the United States.[12] In 2016, SportGroup Holding announced that it would purchase AstroTurf, along with its associated manufacturing facilities. The AstroTurf brand now operates in North America as AstroTurf Corporation.[13] Product and installation timeline{{example farm|date=May 2018}}1960s1964
1970s1970
1980s1980
1990s1993
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2010s
References1. ^1 {{cite web |title=Ownership |url=https://www.astroturf.com/about-synthetic-turf/turf-companies-ownership/ |publisher=AstroTurf |accessdate=9 February 2019 |language=En}} 2. ^{{cite patent|US|3332828}}[https://www.sportsandsafetysurfaces.co.uk] 3. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.astroturf.com/about/history/|title=History|date=2016-05-16|work=AstroTurf|access-date=2017-05-30|language=en-US}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.astroturf.com/2016/08/20/sale-closes/|title=AstroTurf Sale to SportGroup Finalized|date=2016-08-20|website=AstroTurf|access-date=2017-05-30}} 5. ^{{cite journal|last1=Weeks |first1=Jennifer |title=Turf Wars |journal=Distillations Magazine |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=34–37 |url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/magazine/turf-wars |accessdate=22 March 2018 }} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/southwest-recreational-industries-inc-reaffirms-jury-decision-that-fieldturf-is-guilty-of-lying-to-the-public-70981167.html|title=Southwest Recreational Industries, Inc. Reaffirms Jury Decision|date=8 January 2001|work=prnewswire.com}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/austin/stories/2004/03/01/story8.html|title=SRI's bankruptcy puts customers on new turf|work=Austin Business Journal}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.astroturf.com/about-us/history-timeline/ |title=History Timeline – AstroTurf |work=astroturf.com |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408052828/http://www.astroturf.com/about-us/history-timeline/ |archivedate=2013-04-08 }} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.astroturf.com/astroflect/ |title=AstroFlect |work=astroturf.com |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926030941/http://www.astroturf.com/astroflect/ |archivedate=2013-09-26 }} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.astroturf.com/prefabrication/ |title=Prefabrication |work=astroturf.com |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926031454/http://www.astroturf.com/prefabrication/ |archivedate=2013-09-26 }} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.astroturf.com/rootzone/|title=RootZone|work=astroturf.com}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.astroturf.com/about-us/installations/ |title=Installations – AstroTurf |work=astroturf.com |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515113538/http://www.astroturf.com/about-us/installations/ |archivedate=2013-05-15 }} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.astroturf.com/2016/08/20/sale-closes/|title=SportGroup Holding Purchases AstroTurf, SYNLawn, and Associated Manufacturing Operations {{!}} {{!}} AstroTurf|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=2016-07-12}} 14. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.astroturf.com/about-us/history-timeline/ | title = History Timeline {{!}} AstroTurf | publisher = astroturf.com |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140104024728/http://www.astroturf.com/about-us/history-timeline/ | archive-date = January 4, 2014 | dead-url = yes }} 15. ^Topic Galleries - baltimoresun.com {{Dead link|date=May 2012|bot=BlevintronBot}} 16. ^ 17. ^About AstroTurf {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101212045959/http://www.astroturfusa.com/AboutAstroTurf.aspx |date=December 12, 2010 }} 18. ^[https://legallysociable.com/2012/04/29/the-exterior-vs-the-interior-of-the-brady-bunch-house-and-architecture-in-tv-and-movies/ Exterior vs interior of the brady bunch house] 19. ^18th Engineer Brigade Homepage: History {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024200751/http://www.18engineers.army.mil/ |date=2007-10-24 }} 20. ^Socio-cultural analysis of the Brady Bunch 21. ^Write it funny or they'll cut it: famous scenes that never made it to the sit com screen 22. ^Brady Bunch secrets and hidden back stories revealed in old production notes 23. ^[https://maisonneuve.org/article/2005/05/13/brady-bunch-goes-saigon/ The Brady Bunch Goes to Saigon: Season One DVDs reveal some striking connections between the resilient clan and the Vietnam War] 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.baseball-almanac.com/ws/yr1970ws.shtml|title=1970 World Series by Baseball Almanac|publisher=}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://msn.foxsports.com/turftalk |title=Page Not Found |work=FOX Sports |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070225015733/http://msn.foxsports.com/turftalk |archivedate=2007-02-25 |df= }} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://football.ballparks.com/CFL/Montreal/veryoldindex.htm|title=Percival Molson Memorial Stadium|publisher=}} 27. ^The College of New Jersey Athletics - Lions' Stadium 28. ^Marshall Press Release 29. ^News & Events - SRI Sports - International - Field, Track, Indoor, Tennis Systems & Services {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070225100854/http://www.southwestrec.com/international/news/photos2.htm |date=February 25, 2007 }} External links
3 : Products introduced in 1964|Artificial turf|Houston Astros |
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