| 词条 | Keystone Canyon |
| 释义 |
GeographyIn Keystone Canyon, the mother rock of the country shows up to good advantage. It is all slate. Its cleavage is nearly vertical and easy to drill, except where small seams of quartz exist. The slate rock on the south side of the summit is firm and solid as a rule, but on the north side it is very much disintegrated. The bed of the canyon varies from {{convert|100|-|500|feet}} in width. The vegetation growing on the low bottoms, consisting of grass, brush, and trees, indicates that, as a rule, the water does not rise more than {{convert|4|feet}} in nearly the whole length of the canyon. Keystone Canyon is entered by going through a low pass in a spur divide, which forms the west side of the mouth of the canyon. The east wall is more abrupt than the west wall. There is but little side drainage to the canyon, and this is easily provided for by small culverts, with the exception of Waterfall Creek. This little stream forms a cascade with falls of several hundred feet in height, and finally buries itself in the loose rock at the base of the canyon wall. For a quarter of a mile, about the middle of the canyon, narrows are formed by the side walls being nearer together; there are abrupt walls {{convert|50|-|75|feet}} in height. At the head of the canyon the river, dashing against a perpendicular wall of rock, is sharply deflected to the left for {{convert|600|feet}}, and then gradually assumes its general direction, which it follows closely to the mouth of the canyon.[3] Horsetail Falls and Bridal Veil Falls are located within the canyon, as is the Richardson Highway. The Valdez-Eagle Trail passes through the canyon's south end.[4] HistoryIt was named by William R. Abercrombie after the "Keystone State" of Pennsylvania.[5] FeaturesWaterfallsThere are numerous small waterfalls in the canyon, and two more spectacular ones: {{Distinguish|Horsetail Falls (Oregon)}}Horsetail Falls is a picturesque {{convert|328|ft}} waterfall that flows into the Lowe River. The waterfall can be seen and photographed from a road turnout along the Richardson Highway 13 miles from Valdez, Alaska. Bridal Veil Falls can be viewed from a turnout at about {{convert|4/10|mile}} north of Horsetail Falls. [6] This is also the trailhead for the "Valdez Goat Trail", a section of the Trans Alaska Military Packtrain Trail, founded during the Klondike Gold Rush. TunnelThe canyon was part of the proposed route of a railroad to access the minerals of Interior Alaska. Nine different companies hoped to complete a railroad to the interior of Alaska. The only remaining sign of these efforts in Keystone Canyon is a short section of hand-cut tunnel. A feud developed and a gunfight ensued, after which the effort was abandoned. The silent movie The Iron Trail is about this era. [6] See alsoThompson Pass, the area north of the canyon References{{commonscat}}
1. ^{{cite book|author=Federal Writers' Project, Alaska|title=Alaska: A Guide to Alaska, Last American Frontier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J4q4hvs62XgC&pg=PA239|year=1976|publisher=US History Publishers|isbn=978-1-60354-002-5|pages=239–}} {{coord|61.0581|-145.9139|display=title}}2. ^{{gnis|1404614}} 3. ^{{cite book|author1=United States. Copper River Exploring Expedition|last2=Abercrombie|first2=William Ralph|title=Alaska. 1899: Copper River Exploring Expedition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fXYUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA143|edition=Public domain|year=1900|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|pages=143–}} 4. ^{{cite book|last=Nienhueser|first=Helen|title=55 Ways to the Wilderness in Southcentral Alaska, 5th Ed.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NJnqdSqop2gC&pg=PA235|year=2002|publisher=The Mountaineers Books|isbn=978-1-59485-286-2|pages=235–}} 5. ^{{cite book|title=DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Alaska|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MDH7ODIj6loC&pg=PA119|date=16 April 2012|publisher=DK Publishing|isbn=978-0-7566-9191-2|pages=119–}} 6. ^1 The Milepost 59th Edition,{{ISBN|9-781892-154217}}, page 468 3 : Waterfalls of Alaska|Landforms of Valdez–Cordova Census Area, Alaska|Canyons and gorges of the United States |
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