| 词条 | Kharagpur–Puri line |
| 释义 |
| box_width = 28em | name = Kharagpur–Puri line including Cuttack-Paradip line | color = 800000 | logo = | logo_width = | image = Train passing through a bridge in cuttack.JPG | image_width = 230px | caption = A train passing over a bridge on the Mahanadi at Cuttack | type = | system = | status = Operational | locale = Odisha, West Bengal | start = Kharagpur | end = Puri | stations = | routes = | daily_ridership = | open = 1901 | close = | owner = Indian Railway | operator = East Coast Railway, South Eastern Railway | character = | depot = | stock = | linelength = | tracklength = {{convert|407|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} | tracks = 2 | gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm}} Broad gauge | old_gauge = | minradius = | racksystem = | electrification = | speed = up to {{convert|130|km/h|abbr=on}} | elevation = | website = | map = | map_state = }}{{ Kharagpur–Puri line|collapse=y}} The Kharagpur–Puri line is a railway line connecting Kharagpur railway station in the Indian state of West Bengal and Puri in Odisha. The Kharagpur-Khurda Road portion of this line is part of the Howrah-Chennai main line. GeographyThe Kharagpur–Puri line traverses the northern part of the Eastern Coastal Plains crossing such rivers as Subarnarekha, Baitarani, Brahmani and Mahanadi. The coastal plains lying between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal are fertile agricultural lands with high density of population. The line enters the large delta of the {{convert|900|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} long Mahanadi, with a series of channels, near Cuttack.[1][2][3] HistoryHowrah-Chennai main lineDuring the period 1893 to 1896, {{convert|1287|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of East Coast State Railway was built and opened to traffic. It necessitated construction of some of the largest bridges across rivers like Brahmani, Kathajodi, Kuakhai and Birupa. Bengal Nagpur Railway’s line to Cuttack was fully opened after completion of the bridge over the Mahanadi in 1901.[4] The {{convert|514|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} long northern section of the East Coast State Railway was merged with BNR in 1902.[5] Khurda Road-PuriThe Khurda Road-Puri section was opened to traffic on 1 February 1897.[4] The Khurda Road-Puri section have double lines operation finished in July 2015.[6] Mayurbhanj links"Work has been begun by the Bengal-Nagpur Railway on the construction of a line from Kalimati to Gurumaishini hill, from which the iron ore is to be obtained."[7](Kalimati later became Jamshedpur/Tatanagar). That was the railway's early foray into Mayurbhanj State. (Details of the Tatanagar-Gourmahisani line are available in Asansol-Tatanagar-Kharagpur line.) However, even before that Mayurbhanj State Railway linked Rupsa on the Howrah-Chennai main line with Baripada through a narrow gauge line in 1905 and then extended it further.[8] In his "The East Coast", Ian Manning has jotted down the experience of his travel in the narrow gauge train. The Rupsa-Baripada-Bangriposi line was converted to broad gauge between 1996 and 2006.[8] Paradip and other port linksThe foundation stone of the Cuttack-Paradip line was laid by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on 31 January 1962. It was opened to traffic in 1973.[4] Opened in 1966, Paradip Port has laid out plans to expand its cargo handling capacity from 76 million tonnes annually to 237 million tonnes by 2020. The entrance and approach channels are being deepened to handle vessels up to 1,25,000 DWT (slightly smaller than capesize vessels).[9][10] Dhamra Port, opened in 2011, has the capacity to handle capesize vessels up to 1,80,000 DWT. It is linked to Bhadrak with a 62 km long railway line. It is a joint venture of Larsen & Toubro and Tata Steel.[11][12][13]Apart from Dhamra, new ports are coming up at Kirtania at the mouth of the Subarnarekha, Astaranga in Puri district and Chudamani in Bhadrak district[14] The 41 km long newly sanctioned line connecting Digha in West Bengal with Jaleswar on the Kharagpur–Puri line is expected to serve the new port at Kirtania.[15] Astaranga port will be connected to Bhubaneswar New Station on the Khurda Road-Puri line.[16] Coalfield and iron ore mines linksTalcher Coalfield with reserves of 38.65 billion tonnes, the highest in India,[17] is located on the Cuttack-Sambalpur line. The Barbil-Joda region is the highest iron ore-producing region in the country, with an annual output of around 40 million tonnes of lump and fines.[18] This region, as well as the Daitari-Kalinganagar mining-industrial region is linked through the Padapahar-Jakhapura and Rajkharsawan-Barbil lines. (See Tatanagar-Bilaspur section for more information.) ElectrificationHowrah-Chennai Mail was the first train in South Eastern Railway to be hauled by a diesel engine (WDM-1) in 1965.[19]The Howrah-Chennai route was completely electrified by 2005.[20] Electrification was in stages. Hijli-Bakhrabad was electrified in 1998-99, Bakhrabad-Jaleswar in 2000-01, Jaleswar-Amarda Road in 2001-02, Amarda Road-Balasore in 2002-03, Balasore-Ranital in 2003-04, Bhadrak-Kenduapara in 1998-99, Kapilas Road-Rajatgarh in 2003-04, Rajatgarh-Barang in 2002-03, Barang-Bhubaneswar in 2002-03, and Bhubaneswar-Khurda Road in 2001-02.[21] Speed limitsThe entire Kharagpur-Visakhapatnam-Vijayawada main line is classified as a "Group B" line which can take speeds up to 130 km/h. Some of the branch lines such as Talcher-Rajatgarh-Salegaon-Nergundi, Cuttack-Paradeep, Radhakishorepur-Rajathgarh-Barang, Kapilas Road-Salegaon and Radhakishorepur-Machapur are classified as Group 'D Spl' lines. These sections already carry high traffic density or are likely to grow substantially in future. The sanctioned speed limit for such lines is 100 km/h.[22] Railway reorganizationThe Bengal Nagpur Railway was nationalized in 1944.[4]Eastern Railway was formed on 14 April 1952 with the portion of East Indian Railway Company east of Mughalsarai and the Bengal Nagpur Railway.[23] In 1955, South Eastern Railway was carved out of Eastern Railway. It comprised lines mostly operated by BNR earlier.[23][24] Amongst the new zones started in April 2003 were East Coast Railway and South East Central Railway. Both these railways were carved out of South Eastern Railway.[23] Passenger movementKharagpur, Bhubaneswar, Cuttack and Puri, on this line, are amongst the top hundred booking stations of Indian Railway.[25]References1. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/articles/india/Coastal-Plains-of-India/3029|title = Coastal Plains of India|publisher= Country facts – the world at your finger tips| accessdate = 2013-01-17 }} 2. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.zahie.com/categories/details/social-studies/the-coastal-plains-of-india.html|title = The Coastal Plains of India|publisher= Zahie.com| accessdate = 2013-01-17 }} 3. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.geol.lsu.edu/WDD/ASIAN/Mahanadi/mahanadi.htm |title = Mahanadi River Delta, India, Asia|publisher= The World Delta Database| accessdate = 2013-01-17 }} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | url = http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1 | title = Major Events in the Formation of S.E. Railway | publisher = South Eastern Railway | accessdate = 2013-01-02 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130401151628/http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0%2C1 | archivedate = 1 April 2013 | df = dmy-all }} 5. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.eastcoastrail.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,261 | title = History | publisher = East Coast Railway | accessdate = 2013-01-02 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110131114416/http://www.eastcoastrail.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0%2C1%2C261 | archivedate = 31 January 2011 | df = dmy-all }} 6. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/94803-ecors-rs279-cr-plan-for-bhubaneswar-puri.html|title = ECoR’s Rs. 279-cr plan for Bhubaneswar, Puri| publisher=The Pioneer, 16 September 2012| accessdate = 2013-01-02 }} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P10_5B-S9D0C&pg=PA217&lpg=PA217&dq=Mayurbhanj+gazetteer+railway+kalimati&source=bl&ots=0F_PQtrFb6&sig=LKFiR5KwlpqKHIyTglda35CrRpQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZJnmUM-JFYTyrQePgYG4Cg&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Mayurbhanj%20gazetteer%20railway%20kalimati&f=false|title=Bengal District Gazetteers – Singhbhum, Saraikela and Kharsawan (first published 1910)|last=O’Malley|first=L.S.S.|date=|publisher=Logos Press, Building No. 4788-90, Street No. 23, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002|work=page 217|accessdate=2013-01-02}} 8. ^1 {{cite web| url = http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mayurbhanj-state-railway/474611 |title = Mayurbhanj State Railway | last= Singh|first= Vikas|publisher= Express News Service, 11 June 2009| accessdate = 2013-01-02 }} 9. ^{{cite web| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/keyword/paradip-port|title = Paradip port in expansion mode|publisher= The Times of India, 4 April 2011 | accessdate = 2013-01-02 }} 10. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.paradipport.gov.in/|title = Paradip Port Trust|publisher= | accessdate = 2013-01-02 }} 11. ^{{cite web| url = http://m.indianexpress.com/story_mobile.php?storyid=889344|title = Finally, Dhamra port commissioned|publisher= The Indian Express| accessdate = 2013-01-02 }} 12. ^{{cite web| url = http://article.wn.com/view/2011/12/18/Dhamra_port_dedicated_to_nation/ |title = Dhamra port dedicated to nation|publisher= Deccan Chronicle, 18 December 2011| accessdate = 2013-01-02 }} 13. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=19348 |title = Singapore Co Gets Odisha Nod for Dhamra Port|publisher= Business Standard, 3 April 1998| accessdate = 2013-01-02 }} 14. ^{{cite web|url =http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2009/12/14/stories/2009121451090500.htm |title = Odisha to become a State of ports |work= | publisher = The Hindu Business Line, 14 December 2009 | accessdate = 2010-04-27 }} 15. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,2,412,753,764| title = Upcoming projects in South Eastern Railway| publisher = South Eastern Railway| accessdate = 2013-01-02| deadurl = yes| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130401094258/http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in//view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0%2C2%2C412%2C753%2C764| archivedate = 1 April 2013| df = dmy-all}} 16. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.odishatoday.com/Business/MoU_signed_for_Greenfield_port_at_Astaranga_231208-45187541797.html|title = MoU signed for Greenfield port at Astaranga|publisher=OdishaToay.com| accessdate = 2013-01-02 }} 17. ^{{cite web | url =http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/gsiDoc/pub/IndiaCoalResources2004.pdf | title =Coal Resources of India (As on 1.1.2004) | publisher =Coal Wing, Geological Survey of India, Kolkata | accessdate =2012-11-30 | deadurl =yes | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20120327022156/http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/gsiDoc/pub/IndiaCoalResources2004.pdf | archivedate =27 March 2012 | df =dmy-all }} 18. ^{{cite web| url = http://business-standard.com/india/news/poor-demand-higher-scrap-import-hit-iron-ore-lump-rates/479428/ |title =Poor demand, higher scrap import hit iron ore lump prices|last= Mohapatra |first= Sadananda| publisher= Business Standard, 5 July 2012| accessdate = 2012-12-10 }} 19. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history4.html |title = IR History: Part - IV (1947 - 1970)| publisher= IRFCA| accessdate = 2013-01-02 }} 20. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history7.html |title = IR History Part VII (2000-present) | publisher= IRFCA| accessdate = 2013-01-02 }} 21. ^{{cite web| url = http://irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html|title = History of Electrification| publisher= IRFCA| accessdate = 2013-01-02 }} 22. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/codesmanual/IRPWM/PermanentWayManualCh2_data.htm |title = Chapter II – The Maintenance of Permanent Way|work= |last= |first= | publisher= | accessdate = 2013-01-02 }} 23. ^1 2 {{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-geog.html#newzone |title = Geography – Railway Zones| publisher= IRFCA| accessdate = 2012-11-21 }} 24. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history4.html |title = IR History: Part - IV (1947 - 1970)| publisher= IRFCA| accessdate = 2012-11-21 }} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in/7days_Avl.html |title=Indian Railways Passenger Reservation Enquiry |work=Availability in trains for Top 100 Booking Stations of Indian Railways |last= |first= |publisher=IRFCA |accessdate=2012-12-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140510115649/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/7days_Avl.html |archivedate=10 May 2014 |df= }} External links{{external media| align=right | video1= [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvXclgA__sU Faluknama Express passing over Mahanadi bridge] }}{{Railway lines in Eastern India}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kharagpur - Puri line}} 7 : 5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India|Rail transport in Odisha|Rail transport in West Bengal|Khurda Road railway division|Kharagpur railway division|Transport in Kharagpur|Transport in Puri |
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