| 词条 | Khiamniungan people |
| 释义 |
| group = Khiamniungan | population = | image = | image_caption = | region1 = Nagaland, India | pop1 = | ref1 = | region2 = Burma | pop2 = | ref2 = | languages = Khiamniungan language | religions = Approximately 99%{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Christianity and 1% Animism | related = Naga tribes | footnotes = }}Khiamniungan is one of the major Naga tribes, mainly found in the Noklak district of Nagaland, India and the adjoining areas of Burma.[1] Khiamniungan which literally translates to source of great waters.{{cn|date=January 2018}} They were also called Kalyo-Kenyu ("slate-house dwellers") during the British Raj.[2] HistoryThe origin of the Khiamniungans remains uncertain. There are no written records of their history before the British Raj days. However, the only source of information about their ancestors are oral traditions in the form of folktales and myths. According to a popular myth, Khiamniungan means "source of great waters" - the place from where the early ancestors of Khiamniungan are said to have originated. This place is identified near Lengnyu-Tsuwao villages over looking from the present day Noklak and Pathso towns.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Today, the Khiamniungans occupy the easternmost part of India and northwestern part of Myanmar. In India, they are found in Noklak district of Nagaland state. They are linked linguistically as well as culturally to the Tibeto-Burman. During the British Raj, the Khiamniungans were referred to as "kalyo Kenyu", particularly in the works of anthropologists such as Christoph von Fürer-Haimendorf. Unlike several other Naga tribes, the advent of Christianity had little impact on the Khiamniungan for a long time, due to their remote location. The first Khiamniungan to convert to Christianity was Khaming, in 1947.[3] Thereafter, a number of Khiamniungans converted to Christianity. After the coming of the new education system, social system, modernization and Christianity, there have been drastic changes in their social life. Tribal societyThe traditional Khiamniungan village had eight important people:[4]
By the early 1990s, only the Puthsee, the Shoalang and the Ainloom remained relevant, others being remembered mainly as part of books and oral tradition.[4] CultureThe traditional Khiamiungan attires consist of bright red and bright deep blue colored dresses. The ornaments are made of cowries and conch shells. The tribal musical instruments include drums made of gourds and bamboo flutes. Miu festivalThe Khiamniungan tribals, who traditionally practised jhum cultivation (slash and burn agriculture), celebrate the Miu festival at the time of sowing. They offer prayers for a good harvest. Tsokum festivalTsokum is the week-long harvest festival of the tribe, celebrated in October. The festival includes dancing, singing, cleaning, repair of the roads, and outdoor cooking and eating. In this festival the people invoke god's blessing for a bountiful harvest. References1. ^{{cite book | title = Encyclopaedia Of North-east India Vol# 5 | author = Ved Prakash | year = 2007 | publisher = Atlantic | isbn = 978-81-269-0707-6 | pages = 2137–2139 }} {{Naga tribes}}2. ^{{cite book | title = Encyclopaedia of North-East India: Nagaland (Volume 6) | editor = Hamlet Bareh | isbn = 978-81-7099-787-0 | publisher = Mittal | year = 2001 | page = 259 }} 3. ^{{cite journal | title = India International Centre quarterly | volume = 28 | publisher = India International Centre | year = 2001 | page = 99 }} 4. ^1 {{cite web | url = http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/publication/faultlines/volume3/Fault3-GenPillaiF.htm | title = Anatomy of an Insurgency: Ethnicity & Identity in Nagaland | author = Sushil K. Pillai | publisher = SATP | accessdate = 2011-10-24 }} 1 : Naga people |
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