| 词条 | Scaevola (plant) |
| 释义 |
|image = Starr_020925-0070_Scaevola_chamissoniana.jpg |image_caption = Scaevola chamissoniana |taxon = Scaevola (plant) |authority = L. |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = About 130, see list of Scaevola species |synonyms = Lobelia Mill. Nigromnia Carolin |synonyms_ref = [1] }} Scaevola is a genus of flowering plants in the Goodenia family, Goodeniaceae. It consists of more than 130 tropical species, with the center of diversity being Australia and Polynesia. There are around 80 species in Australia, occurring throughout the continent. Diversity is highest in the South West, where ca. 40 species are endemic. Common names for Scaevola species include scaevolas, fan-flowers, half-flowers, and naupaka, the plants' Hawaiian name. The flowers are shaped as if they have been cut in half. Consequently, the generic name means "left-handed" in Latin. Many legends have been told to explain the formation of the naupaka's unique half flowers. In one version a woman tears the flower in half after a quarrel with her lover. The gods, angered, turn all naupaka flowers into half flowers and the two lovers remained separated while the man is destined to search in vain for another whole flower.[2] Scaevola is the only Goodeniaceae genus that is widespread outside of Australia. In at least six separate dispersals, about 40 species have spread throughout the Pacific Basin, with a few reaching the tropical coasts of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. The Hawaiian Islands are home to ten Scaevola species, nine of which are endemic.[3] Eight of the indigenous species are the result of a single colonization event. Scaevola glabra and Scaevola taccada arrived separately to produce a total of three colonizations of Hawaii by Scaevola. Some of the endemic species are of hybrid origin.[4] Beach naupaka (Scaevola taccada synonym S. sericea) occurs throughout the Pacific and Indian Oceans and is considered an invasive species in Florida, USA, and in some islands of the Caribbean including the Cayman Islands[5] and the Bahamas. Beachberry or Inkberry (Scaevola plumieri) is widespread along the Atlantic coast of the tropical Americas and Africa; however, it is becoming rarer in areas where S. taccada is displacing native coastal plants. Most Australian Scaevola have dry fruits and sprawling, herbaceous to shrubby habits. By contrast, nearly all species outside Australia have shrub habits with fleshy fruit making dispersal by frugivores easy. The plant pathogenic sac fungus Mycosphaerella scaevolae was discovered on a Scaevola fan-flower. Etymology"Scaevola" is Latin for little hand.[6] Selected species{{main|List of Scaevola species}}
Notes1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?10797 |title=Genus: Scaevola L. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=2007-10-05 |accessdate=2010-09-21}} 2. ^{{cite journal |first=Roger |last=Hammer |date=Spring 1998 |title=Postcards from Paradise: Separated Lovers and the Beach Naupaka |url=http://www.se-eppc.org/wildlandweeds/pdf/SP98-Hammer-p_7-8.pdf |format=PDF |journal=Wildland Weeds |pages=7–8}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hawaiioirc.org/OIRC-SPECIES-PLANTS.htm |title=Selected Plants Found on Hawaii's Offshore Islets |publisher=Offshore Islet Restoration Committee |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301105625/http://www.hawaiioirc.org/OIRC-SPECIES-PLANTS.htm |archivedate=2009-03-01 |df= }} 4. ^{{cite journal |first=Dianella G. |last=Howarth |author2=David A. Baum |year=2005 |title=Genealogical evidence of homoploid hybrid speciation in an adaptive radiation of Scaevola (Goodeniaceae) in the Hawaiian Islands |journal=Evolution |volume=59 |issue=5 |pages=948–961 |pmid=16136795 |doi=10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01034.x}} 5. ^{{cite paper |first=M. |last=DaCosta-Cottam |author2=Olynik, J. |author3=Blumenthal, J. |author4=Godbeer, K.D. |author5=Gibb, J. |author6=Bothwell, J. |author7=Burton, F.J. |author8=Bradley, P.E. |author9=Band, A. |author10=Austin, T. |author11=Bush, P. |author12=Johnson, B.J. |author13=Hurlston, L. |author14=Bishop, L. |author15=McCoy, C. |author16=Parsons, G. |author17=Kirkconnell, J. |author18=Halford, S. |author19=Ebanks-Petrie, G. |year=2009 |title=Cayman Islands National Biodiversity Action Plan 2009 |publisher=Cayman Islands Government. Department of Environment. |url=http://www.seaturtle.org/mtrg/projects/cayman/Cayman_NBAP.pdf |format=PDF}} 6. ^{{cite web |title=Scaevola |url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online-resources/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=49640 |website=ABRS Flora of Australia|date=1992|publisher=Data derived from Flora of Australia Volume 35|accessdate=23 June 2018}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/trees/CommonTreesHI/CFT_Scaevola_gaudichaudiana.pdf |format=PDF |title=Naupaka kuahiwi, mountain naupaka |first=Elbert L. |last=Little Jr. |author2=Roger G. Skolmen |work=Common Forest Trees of Hawaii (Native and Introduced) |publisher=United States Forest Service |year=1989}} 8. ^Scott, Susan. 1991. Plants and Animals of Hawaii. Bess Press. References
External links{{commonscat-inline|Scaevola|Scaevola}}{{Wikispecies-inline|Scaevola|Scaevola}}
3 : Scaevola (plant)|Pantropical flora|Asterales genera |
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