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词条 Scandinavian Airlines
释义

  1. History

      Founding    Transpolar route    Jet era    Acquisition of local airlines    Star Alliance founding member    Recent history (2004–present)  

  2. Corporate affairs

     Corporate offices  Partners  Business trends 

  3. Destinations

     Codeshare agreements  Interline agreements  City statistics 

  4. Fleet

     Current fleet  Future fleet plans  Short haul  Long haul  Removal of SAS Q400 fleet  Livery 

  5. Cabin

     SAS Business  SAS Plus  SAS Go  SAS Go Light 

  6. Services

     Fingerprint biometric identification  EuroBonus  Fly Home Club  Hovercrafts  Wi-Fi 

  7. Awards

  8. Incidents and accidents

  9. See also

  10. References

  11. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}{{Infobox Airline
|airline = Scandinavian Airlines
|logo = Scandinavian Airlines logo.svg
|logo_size = 175
|IATA = SK
|ICAO = SAS
|callsign = SCANDINAVIAN
|parent = SAS Group
|founded ={{Start date and age|1 August 1946}}
|headquarters = Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
|key_people =
  • Carsten Dilling, Chairman
  • Rickard Gustafson, CEO

|hubs =
  • Copenhagen Airport
  • {{nowrap|Stockholm Arlanda Airport}}
  • Oslo Airport, Gardermoen

|focus_cities=
  • Bergen Airport, Flesland
  • {{nowrap|Göteborg Landvetter Airport}}
  • Stavanger Airport, Sola
  • Trondheim Airport, Værnes
  • Tromsø Airport, Langnes

|company_slogan = We are travelers
|frequent_flyer = EuroBonus
|alliance = Star Alliance
|subsidiaries=Scandinavian Airlines Ireland
|fleet_size = 159
|destinations = 123[1]
|revenue = US$4.0 billion[2][3]
|website =
  • Denmark: {{URL|sas.dk}}
  • Sweden: {{URL|sas.se}}
  • Norway: {{URL|sas.no}}
  • Finland: {{URL|sas.fi}}
  • International: {{URL|flysas.com}}

|image=|aoc=|num_employees=}}Scandinavian Airlines, usually known as SAS, is the flag carrier of Sweden, Norway and Denmark, which together form mainland Scandinavia.[4]

SAS is an abbreviation of the company's full name, Scandinavian Airlines System or legally Scandinavian Airlines System Denmark–Norway–Sweden. Part of the SAS Group and headquartered at the SAS Frösundavik Office Building in Solna, Sweden, the airline operates 169 aircraft to 123 destinations. The airline's main hub is at Copenhagen-Kastrup Airport, with connections to 109 destinations around the world. Stockholm-Arlanda Airport (with 106 destinations) is the second largest hub and Oslo Airport, Gardermoen being the third major hub of SAS.[5] Minor hubs also exist at Bergen Airport, Flesland, Göteborg Landvetter Airport, Stavanger Airport, Sola, and Trondheim Airport, Værnes. SAS Cargo is an independent, wholly owned subsidiary of Scandinavian Airlines and its main office is at Copenhagen Airport.[6]

In 2017, SAS carried 28.6 million passengers, achieving revenues of 40 billion Swedish kronor.[7] This makes it the eighth-largest airline in Europe. The SAS fleet is composed of 157 aircraft consisting of Airbus A319, Airbus A320, Airbus A320neo, Airbus A321, Airbus A330 and Airbus A340; and Boeing 737 Next Generation aircraft.[8] SAS also wet leases Airbus A320neo, ATR 72, and Bombardier CRJ900 aircraft.[9]

The airline was founded in 1946 as a consortium to pool the transatlantic operations of Swedish airline Svensk Interkontinental Lufttrafik, Norway's Det Norske Luftfartselskap and Det Danske Luftfartselskab of Denmark. The consortium was extended to cover European and domestic cooperation two years later. In 1951, all the airlines were merged to create SAS. SAS has been described as "an icon of Norwegian–Swedish–Danish cooperation".[10] On 27 June 2018, the Norwegian government announced that it had sold all its shares in SAS.[11][12]

In 1997, SAS was a founding member of one of the major airline alliances, Star Alliance.

{{TOC limit|limit=3}}

History

{{multiple issues|section=yes|{{Expand section|date=September 2011}}{{Refimprove section|date=June 2009}}
}}

Founding

The airline was founded on 1 August 1946, when Svensk Interkontinental Lufttrafik AB (an airline owned by the Swedish Wallenberg family), Det Danske Luftfartselskab A/S, and Det Norske Luftfartselskap AS (the flag carriers of Denmark and Norway) formed a partnership to handle the intercontinental air traffic of these three Scandinavian countries.[13] Operations started on 17 September 1946. In 1948 the Swedish flag carrier AB Aerotransport joined SAS and the companies coordinated European operations and finally merged to form the SAS Consortium in 1951. When established, the airline was divided between SAS Danmark (28.6%), SAS Norge (28.6%), and SAS Sverige (42.8%), all owned 50% by private investors and 50% by their governments.{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}

Transpolar route

In 1954 SAS was the first airline to start scheduled flights on a polar route. The Douglas DC-6B flew from Copenhagen to Los Angeles with stops in Søndre Strømfjord (now Kangerlussuaq) in Greenland and Winnipeg in Canada. By summer 1956 frequency had increased to three flights per week. It was popular with Hollywood celebrities and film industry people, and the route turned out to be a publicity coup for SAS. Thanks to a tariff structure that allowed free transit to other European destinations via Copenhagen, this trans-polar route gained increasing popularity with American tourists throughout the 1950s. In 1957 SAS started a second polar route when a Douglas DC-7C flew from Copenhagen to Tokyo via Anchorage International Airport in Alaska. The flight via Alaska was a compromise solution since the Soviet Union would not allow SAS, among other air carriers, to fly across Siberia between Europe and Japan, and Chinese airspace was also closed.{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}

Jet era

SAS entered the jet age in 1959 when the Sud Aviation Caravelle entered service, with the Douglas DC-8 then joining the fleet the next year. In 1971, SAS put its first Boeing 747 jumbo jet into service.[14]

Acquisition of local airlines

SAS gradually acquired control of the domestic markets in all three countries by acquiring full or partial control of local airlines, including Braathens and Widerøe in Norway; Linjeflyg and Skyways Express in Sweden; and Cimber Air in Denmark. In 1989, SAS acquired 18.4% of Texas Air Corporation, parent company of Continental Airlines, in a bid to form a global alliance. This stake was later sold. During the 1990s, SAS also bought a 20% stake in British Midland. SAS bought 95% of Spanair, the second largest airline in Spain, as well as Air Greenland. An agreement to divest more than 80 percent of the holdings in Spanair was signed with a Catalan group of investors led by Consorci de Turisme de Barcelona and Catalana d'Inciatives in January 2009.[15]

Star Alliance founding member

In May 1997, SAS formed the global Star Alliance network with Air Canada, Lufthansa, Thai Airways International, and United Airlines. Four years earlier SAS unsuccessfully tried to merge with KLM, Star Alliance partner Austrian Airlines, and the now defunct Swissair, in a project called Alcazar. This failure led to the departure the following year of CEO Jan Carlzon, who was credited for the financial turnaround of the company starting in 1981 and who envisioned SAS ownership of multiple airlines worldwide. The ownership structure of SAS was changed in June 2001, with a holding company being created in which the holdings of the governments changed to: Sweden (21.4%), Norway (14.3%), and Denmark (14.3%) and the remaining 50% publicly held and traded on the stock market.

Recent history (2004–present)

In 2004 Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) was divided into four companies; SAS Scandinavian Airlines Sverige AB, SAS Scandinavian Airlines Danmark A/S, SAS Braathens AS, and SAS Scandinavian International AS. SAS Braathens was re-branded SAS Scandinavian Airlines Norge AS in 2007.[16] In October 2009 the four companies were once again united into one company, SAS Scandinavian System AB.

With the coming of low-cost airlines and decreasing fares in Scandinavia the business turned into the red. To be profitable again, the airline had to cut costs. In a first step the airline sold its stakes in other companies, such as British Midland International, Spanair, and AirBaltic, and began to restructure its operations.[17][18][19] This was to save costs by about 23 percent between 2008 and 2011. In November 2012 the company came under heavy pressure from its owners and banks to implement even heavier cost-cutting measures as a condition for continued financial support. Negotiations with the respective trade unions took place for more than a week and exceeded the original deadline, but in the end SAS and the trade unions reached an agreement that would increase the worktime, cutting salary between 12-20%, pension and retirement plans, and thus keep the airline flying. SAS drew some criticism for how it handled the negotiations, in denying facilities to the union delegations.[20]

In 2017, it was announced that SAS would form a new airline, Scandinavian Airlines Ireland, operating out of Heathrow Airport and Malaga Airport to fly European routes on its parent’s behalf using nine new A320Neo aircraft.

Corporate affairs

During its first decades, the airline built two large hotels in central Copenhagen, SAS Royal Hotel (5 stars) and the even larger SAS Hotel Scandinavia (4 stars with a Casino on the 26th floor). After the deregulation of European commercial aviation, and the crisis afterwards which affected SAS, like many other national airline corporations, Scandinavian Airlines sold its hotels to Radisson.

Corporate offices

Scandinavian Airlines' head office is located in the SAS Frösundavik Office Building in {{Interlanguage link multi|Frösundavik|sv}}, Solna Municipality, Sweden, near Stockholm.[21] Between 2011 and 2013, the head office was located at Stockholm Arlanda Airport (ARN) in Sigtuna Municipality, Sweden.[22] The SAS Cargo Group A/S head office is in Kastrup, Tårnby Municipality, Denmark.[23]

The SAS Frösundavik Office Building,[24][25] was designed by Niels Torp Architects and built between 1985-1987. The move from Solna to Arlanda was completed in 2010.[26] A previous SAS head office was located on the grounds of Bromma Airport in Stockholm.[27] In 2013 SAS announced that it once again would relocate to Frösundavik.[28]

Partners

Besides the agreements SAS has with its Star Alliance partners, SAS has strategic agreements with Lufthansa, Swiss International Air Lines, Austrian Airlines, Air Canada, and United Airlines. The agreement includes codesharing and schedule coordination to facilitate improved connections between SAS and its partner airlines. SAS also co-operates with the other airlines in the SAS Group.

Business trends

The key trends for Scandinavian Airlines Group (which includes SAS Cargo, SAS Ground Handling, and SAS Tech), are shown below:

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Jan-Oct 2013 2014 2015 2016
Turnover (SEKm) 47,536 39,696 36,524 36,735 33,148 42,182 38,006 39,65039,459
Profits (EBT) (SEKm)red|−188}}red|−1,522}}red|−33}} 543 228 1,648red|−918}} 1,4171,431
Number of passengers (m) 30.9 27.0 27.1 29.0 25.9 30.4 29.4 28.129.4
Passenger load factor (%) 72.3 72.7 75.6 74.9 76.7 75.0 76.9 76.378.0
Total unit cost (CASK) (SEK) 0.94 1.01 0.95 0.86 0.81 0.80 0.75 0.790.70
Total unit revenue (RASK) (SEK) 0.91 0.92 0.86 0.82 0.82 0.78 0.70 0.80
Number of aircraft (at year end) 181 172 159 147 145 139 138 152156
Number of employees (average for year) 16,286 14,438 13,723 13,479 13,591 14,127 12,329 11,28810,710
Figures for SAS Group. Notes/sources: [29][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]
(In 2012 the company changed its financial year to 1 November–31 October, instead of the calendar year.[36] The figures above are therefore for years ending 31 December until 2011, for the 10 months to 31 October 2012, and for years ending 31 October thereafter.)

Destinations

{{main|List of Scandinavian Airlines destinations}}{{further information|List of SAS Group destinations}}

Codeshare agreements

Scandinavian Airlines has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:[37]

{{Div col|colwidth=17em}}
  • Adria Airways
  • Aegean Airlines
  • Air Canada
  • Air China
  • airBaltic
  • All Nippon Airways
  • Austrian Airlines
  • Croatia Airlines
  • EgyptAir
  • Ethiopian Airlines
  • Etihad Airways
  • Icelandair
  • LOT Polish Airlines
  • Lufthansa
  • Singapore Airlines
  • South African Airways
  • Swiss International Air Lines
  • Thai Airways
  • Turkish Airlines
  • United Airlines
  • Widerøe
{{div col end}}

Interline agreements

Scandinavian Airlines has interlining agreements with the following airlines:

  • Air Greenland[38]

City statistics

{{update|date=April 2017}}

These statistics about each of SAS hubs and busiest airports are current as of W17/18. (Ranked by weekly departures).{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}

RankAirportWeekly DeparturesDestinations Served
1Stockholm–Arlanda101283
2Copenhagen96280
3Oslo–Gardermoen91283
4Bergen22216
5Stavanger22115
6Trondheim21410
7Gothenburg12114
8London–Heathrow1124
9Bodø1095
10Tromsø1058

Fleet

{{main article|List of Scandinavian Airlines aircraft}}

Current fleet

Scandinavian Airlines operates the following aircraft (as of March 2019):[39][40][41]

Scandinavian Airlines Fleet
AircraftIn ServiceOrdersPassengersNotes
C Y M Total
Airbus A319-1004—00150150[42]{{better source>reason=An image is not a reliable source|date=March 2019}}
Airbus A320-20011—00168168
Airbus A320neo1556[43]50180180Deliveries until 2023
Airbus A321-2008—00200200
Airbus A321LR—3[44]TBA157Deliveries from 2020
Airbus A330-30081[45]3256174262One new aircraft to be delivered in Q2 2019[45]
3256178266
Airbus A340-3008—4228164234One painted in Star Alliance livery.[46]{{better source|reason=An image is not a reliable source|date=March 2019}}
4028179247
Airbus A350-900—8[47]TBA300Deliveries from late 2019.[48]
Boeing 737-6005—00120120To be replaced by Airbus A320neo.[49]
Boeing 737-70027—00141141
Boeing 737-80029—00181181Three painted in Star Alliance livery.[50]
To be replaced by Airbus A320neo.[43]
Wet-leased aircraft
Airbus A320neo9—00180180Operated by Scandinavian Airlines Ireland.[51]
ATR 72-6009—007070Operated by Flybe and Nordica
Bombardier CRJ90024—009090Operated by CityJet and Nordica
Bombardier CRJ10002—00100100Operated by Air Nostrum
Total15968

Future fleet plans

Short haul

On 20 June 2011, SAS announced an order for 30 new A320neo aircraft as part of its fleet harmonisation plan.[52] SAS' stated goal is to have an all-Airbus fleet at its bases in Stockholm and Copenhagen by 2019, with a mixed A320neo and A320ceo fleet operation at both bases. The base in Oslo will then operate mostly Boeing 737-800 aircraft, with a few 737-700s also being retained. The older, smaller 737-600s will be disposed of.[49] The first of the order of A320neos was delivered in October 2016.[53] In April 2018, SAS announced an order of 50 more A320neos to replace all 737NGs and older A320ceos in service as part of its goal to have an all-Airbus fleet by 2023.[43]

Long haul

On 25 June 2013, SAS and Airbus signed a Memorandum of Understanding stating that SAS intends to buy twelve new-generation aircraft, including six options. The agreement consists of eight A350-900s with six options, and four A330-300Es. The first new long haul aircraft to enter service will be the A330-300E, which were originally planned to replace the aging A340-300s in 2015 as leasing agreements on these aircraft expire. Instead SAS renewed the leasing agreements to be able to expand its long-haul fleet and used the new A330-300Es to add more long-haul destinations to its network. The A350-900 is planned to enter service in November 2019. SAS has dubbed this "a total renewal of long haul fleet", indicating that all former A340 and A330 will in fact be replaced, although the total renewal could also refer to the new interior in the long haul fleet.[54]

Removal of SAS Q400 fleet

{{Main article|Dash 8 landing gear incidents}}

In September 2007, two separate incidents of similar landing gear failures occurred within four days of each other on SAS Bombardier Q400 aircraft. A third incident occurred in October 2007. On 28 October 2007, in a move that was described as unique by the Swedish press, the board of directors announced that all 27 Bombardier Q400 aircraft were to be removed from service due to the three landing gear failures.[55]

A press release from SAS said that the company had reached a settlement with Bombardier and Goodrich, whereby the airline would receive SEK one billion as compensation, while SAS would purchase 27 new aircraft, with an option of 24 more. These aircraft would consist of 13 of the Bombardier CRJ900 Nextgen (10 to SAS and 3 to Estonian Air) and 14 of the updated Q400 Nextgen units (8 to airBaltic and 6 to Widerøe), with 7 additional options.[56][57] SAS received the first CRJ-900 on 3 December 2008.

In November 2007, it was revealed that the Swedish Civil Aviation Administration began an investigation and accused Scandinavian Airlines System of cutting corners during maintenance. The airline reportedly made 2,300 flights in which safety equipment was not up to standard.[58]

Livery

The current livery was introduced in 1998, and is designed by SthlmLab (Stockholm Design Lab). SAS aircraft look predominantly white, however, the fuselage is in a very light beige (Pantone Warm Gray 2/Pantone 9083C) with "Scandinavian" above the windows in silver lettering (Pantone 877) and "Airlines" below the windows in white. The typeface used is Rotis Semi Serif. The vertical stabiliser (and winglets) are painted blue (Pantone 2738C) with the classic white SAS logo on it. It is a variant of the traditional SAS logotype, slimmed slightly and stylised by the design company Stockholm Design Lab, as part of the SAS livery change. The engine casing is painted in scarlet (Pantone Warm Red/Pantone 179C) with the word Scandinavian in white, the thrust reversers in the colour of the fuselage. All other text is painted in Pantone Warm Gray 9. The design also features stylised versions of the Scandinavian flags. All aircraft are named, traditionally after Vikings.

Apart from the standard livery, SAS also has an Airbus A319 in retro livery and two Boeing 737s and one Airbus A340 in Star Alliance livery.

Cabin

SAS Business

On long-haul flights business class, called SAS Business, is still offered and features wide sleeper seats. On the Airbus A330s and upgraded Airbus A340s seating is 1-2-1 on seats that convert into {{convert|196|–|202|cm}} flat beds, with power sockets and a {{convert|15|in}} entertainment screen. On the single A340 that has not yet been upgraded, seating is 2-2-2 that converts into angled beds.

SAS Plus

Plus is SAS premium economy class. On intercontinental flights, seating is 2-3-2 on wide bodies. The seats offered on SAS Plus are wider than those in the SAS Go section.

On European flights, SAS Plus tickets are refundable, and include a meal, a double checked-in baggage allowance, and access to lounges and fast track security at the airport. The SAS Plus passengers are seated at the front of the aircraft and passengers can choose their seat at booking for free, but the seats there are otherwise the same as the SAS Go seats. The two-class system was introduced in June 2013, when business class was eliminated from intra-European flights.[59]

SAS Go

SAS Go, or economy offers 3-3 seating on intracontinental flights, and 2-4-2 on the A330s and A340s.

SAS offers free coffee and tea to GO passengers on short-haul services, except very short flights like Bergen-Stavanger or Stockholm-Visby. Meals are served to all passengers on long-haul flights.

SAS Go Light

SAS Go Light is a variant of SAS Go with no checked luggage included. Tickets are sold in the same booking class as SAS Go and are otherwise identical. As of December 14 2017, SAS Go Light is available on both European and Long-haul flights. It is not available on flights within the Nordic countries. SAS Go Light is aimed at competing with low-cost carriers for those who travel with hand luggage only. Extra luggage allowance for EuroBonus Silver, Gold, and Diamond members does not apply on SAS Go Light tickets, and is only valid for EuroBonus Pandion members.

Services

Fingerprint biometric identification

In 2006, SAS Sweden launched a new biometric system for use throughout Sweden. Each passenger's fingerprints are, for security purposes, matched to their respective checked baggage. The new technology will be phased in at all the airports served by SAS, although use of the system is voluntary for passengers. The system has been introduced in Norway. {{citation needed|date=January 2012}}

EuroBonus

{{Main article|EuroBonus}}

SAS's frequent-flyer program is called EuroBonus. Members earn points on all SAS and Widerøe flights as well as on Star Alliance flights. The EuroBonus program has more than four million members.[60]

Fly Home Club

Fly Home Club was SAS's membership club for Scandinavians living in Spain. It has closed ever since economic conditions have worsened in Spain and as Scandinavians living in Spain have decided to return home or change locations.

Hovercrafts

Between 1984 and 1994 SAS operated a hovercraft service between Malmö in Sweden and Copenhagen Airport in Denmark. Travellers could check in for their flights in Malmö and the hovercrafts were operated as connecting flights. In 1994 the hovercrafts were replaced by catamarans that operated until 2000 when the Öresund bridge was opened and offered a rail link between Malmö and Copenhagen airport.[61]

Wi-Fi

In May 2018, SAS launched a new high-speed WiFi system supplied by Viasat. The service is being rolled out on SAS short and medium-haul fleet and is expected to take two years to complete. The new system is much faster than previously available and will enable passengers to stream movies onboard. Prior to this SAS only offered WiFi on board on its long haul aircraft and a small number of Boeing 737s. WiFi is free for Eurobonus Gold and Diamond members as well as for those travelling in SAS Plus or Business. Otherwise, Wifi can be purchased with EuroBonus points or for a small fee.[62]

Awards

{{advert|date=February 2019}}
  • 2010:
    • Flightstats: Worlds Most Punctual Airline[63]
    • Simpliflying: Best Use of Social Media in a Crisis Situation[64]
  • 2011:
    • Edge Awards: Favourite Airline[65]
    • Grand Travel Award: Europe's Best Airline[66]
    • Webbie: Online Campaign of the Year[67]
  • 2012:
    • Webbie Award: Online Campaign of the Year[68]
  • 2013:
    • Freddie Awards: Best Customer Service in Europe/Africa[69]
    • Sustainable Brand Index: Most Sustainable Airline[70]
  • 2014:
    • Grand Travel Award: Europe's Best Airline[71]
  • 2015:
    • Grand Travel Award: Europe's Best Airline[72]
    • ServiceScore: Airline with highest service standards.[73]

Incidents and accidents

{{main article|List of Scandinavian Airlines accidents and incidents}}

See also

{{Portal|Aviation|Companies|Denmark|Norway|Sweden}}
  • SAS Group
  • Norwegian Aviation College
  • List of airports in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden
  • List of the busiest airports in the Nordic countries
  • Transport in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sasgroup.net/en/category/about-sas/|title=About SAS|accessdate=11 August 2018}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sasgroup.net/SASGROUP_IR/CMSForeignContent/2012eng.pdf|title=SAS|website=SAS|accessdate=3 October 2018}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=36000000000&From=SEK&To=USD|title=XE: Convert SEK/USD. Sweden Krona to United States Dollar|website=xe.com|accessdate=3 October 2018}}
4. ^{{cite web|title= Profile for SAS|publisher= Centre for Aviation|url= http://centreforaviation.com/profiles/airlines/sas-sk|archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/6A6cVm8vu?url=http://centreforaviation.com/profiles/airlines/sas-sk|accessdate= 22 August 2012|archivedate= 22 August 2012|deadurl= yes|df= dmy-all}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.flysas.com/upload/International/USA/media%20kit/Media%20kit_SAS%20Introduction%20SAS.pdf |title=Route map - SAS |publisher=Flysas.com |accessdate=2014-03-17}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sascargo.com/en/Misc/About%20SAS%20Cargo.aspx|title=About SAS Cargo - SAS Cargo/Airfreight|publisher=}}
7. ^[https://www.sasgroup.net/en/sas-annual-report-2016-2017/ Annual Report 2017] sasgroup.net Retrieved on 11 August 2018.
8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.musafir.com/flights/airlines/sas-scandinavian-airlines|title=SAS Scandinavian Airlines - Sas Scandinavian Airlines Information & Bookings Online - Musafir UAE - Musafir|website=www.musafir.com|access-date=2018-01-10}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.cityjet.com/news/cityjet-to-fly-new-aircraft-for-sas.shtml|title=CityJet to Fly New Aircraft For SAS|website=www.cityjet.com|access-date=2016-05-09}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.aftenposten.no/okonomi/i/MgbmAJ/SAS-ble-et-ikon-pa-norsk-svensk-dansk-samarbeid-Etter-72-ar-er-Norge-ute|title=Fra krystall til papp – etter over 70 år selger staten seg ut av SAS|publisher=|accessdate=3 October 2018}}
11. ^{{Cite web | url = https://www.reuters.com/article/sas-norway-sale/norway-sells-remainder-stake-in-sas-airline-idUSL8N1TT0BJ | title = Norway sells remainder stake in SAS airline | first = Sherry | last = Jacob-Phillips}}
12. ^{{Cite web | title = Norway to sell remaining SAS airline stake| url = https://www.thelocal.no/20180627/denmark-sweden-norway-to-sell-remaining-sas-airline-stake | date = 27 June 2018}}
13. ^{{cite web| title=Historie| publisher=SAS| url=http://www.sas.dk/da/Om-SAS-Danmark2/Historie/?vst=true}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=SAS timeline More than 60 years in the sky|url=https://www.flysas.com/upload/International/SKI/Media-center/Mediakit/Oct09/SAS%20timeline.pdf|website=flysas.com|accessdate=2 November 2014}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cisionwire.se/sas/avtal-om-forsaljning-av-spanair-har-ingatts|title=SAS – press release (in Swedish)|publisher=Cision Wire|accessdate=2009-01-30|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715074850/http://www.cisionwire.se/sas/avtal-om-forsaljning-av-spanair-har-ingatts|archivedate=15 July 2009|df=dmy-all}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://se.yhp.waymaker.net/sasgroup/release.asp?id=147353|title=Press Release: SAS Braathens to be renamed SAS Norge|publisher=Waymaker (via SAS Group Press Release Archive)|accessdate=2010-03-23}}
17. ^{{cite news|url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2009/10/01/sas-sells-remaining-stake-in-bmi-to-lufthansa/|title=SAS Sells Remaining Stake in BMI to Lufthansa|last=Nicholson|first=Chris V. |date=1 October 2009|work=New York Times|accessdate=18 November 2012}}
18. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2009/01/30/spanair-idUSLU68460220090130|title=SAS sells Spanair for 1 euro, takes big charge|last=Roberts|first=Martin|date=30 January 2009|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=18 November 2012|display-authors=etal}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.airbaltic.com/public/company_history.html|title=Company history|work=airBaltic.com|publisher=airBaltic|accessdate=18 November 2012}}
20. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.di.se/artiklar/2012/11/20/fackens-mardromsdygn-i-kopenhamn/|title= Nightmare for trade unions in Copenhagen |date=19 November 2012|work=Dagens Industri|accessdate=17 December 2012}}
21. ^SAS Flyttar åter till Frösundavik Fastighetsvärlden
22. ^"SAS Head Office in Sweden." Scandinavian Airlines. Retrieved on 27 January 2012. "SAS Head Office Stockholm-Arlanda Kabinvägen 5 SE-195 87 Stockholm"
23. ^"Headquarters." SAS Cargo. Retrieved on 27 January 2012. "Visiting address Kystvejen 40 DK-2770 Kastrup Denmark"
24. ^"SAS head office in Sweden." Scandinavian Airlines. Retrieved on 8 June 2009.
25. ^"Cykelkarta 2007." Solna Municipality. Retrieved on 12 February 2010.
26. ^"Interim Report January-June 2011." Retrieved 30 December 2012.
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47. ^{{cite press release|date= 25 June 2013|url=http://www.airbus.com/newsevents/news-events-single/detail/sas-selects-eight-a350-xwbs-and-four-a330s |title=SAS selects eight A350 XWBs and four A330s |publisher=Airbus |accessdate=2013-06-25}}
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60. ^http://www.sasgroup.net/en/sas-celebrates-four-million-eurobonus-members/|accessdate={{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 09 May 2016
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External links

{{commons-inline|SAS Scandinavian Airlines}}
Company websites
  • [https://www.flysas.com/ SAS website] ( - )
  • [https://www.sas.dk/ SAS Denmark website]
  • [https://www.sas.no/ SAS Norway website]
  • [https://www.sas.se/ SAS Sweden website]
  • [https://www.sasgroup.net/ SAS Group corporate website]
Other websites
  • Viking Tails, Scandinavian airline history blog
  • Pictures of Scandinavian Airlines fleet
{{SAS Group}}{{Star Alliance}}{{Association of European Airlines}}{{IATA members|europe}}{{International Association of Aviation Personnel Schools}}{{Navbox Airlines of Denmark}}{{Navbox Airlines of Norway}}{{Navbox Airlines of Sweden}}

15 : Scandinavian Airlines|Airlines of Denmark|Airlines of Norway|Airlines of Sweden|IATA members|SAS Group members|Association of European Airlines members|Airlines established in 1946|Danish brands|1946 establishments in Denmark|1946 establishments in Norway|1946 establishments in Sweden|Star Alliance|Companies based in Stockholm|Sigtuna Municipality
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