1. History

2. Geology

3. Issues
     Erosion    Safety  

4. Parks

5. Community Associations and Groups

6. See also

7. References

8. External links

The Scarborough Bluffs, also known as The Bluffs, is an escarpment in the Scarborough district of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. There are nine parks along the bluffs, with Bluffers Park being the only one with a beach. Forming much of the eastern portion of Toronto's waterfront, the Scarborough Bluffs stands above the shoreline of Lake Ontario. At its highest point, the escarpment rises {{convert|90|m|ft}} above the coastline and spans a length of {{convert|15|km|mi}}.

History

The French gave the name "Les grands Ecores", or tall points on the shore, to the cliffs.{{sfn|Fairburn|2013|p=}} In the 1788 Plan of Toronto by Alexander Aitken, the bluffs were simply known as the High Lands.{{sfn|Hayes|2008|p=16}} They became known as the Scarborough Highlands in 1793 named after Scarborough, North Yorkshire. This name was chosen by Elizabeth Simcoe, who was the wife of the first lieutenant governor of Upper Canada, John Graves Simcoe. The escarpment along Lake Ontario reminded Elizabeth Simcoe of the limestone cliffs in her hometown. In her diary, she wrote, "The shore is extremely bold, and has the appearance of chalk cliffs, but I believe they are only white sand. They appeared so well that we talked of building a summer residence there and calling it Scarborough."^[1][2] The name was later given to the entire township in 1796. In time, the cliffs became known as the Bluffs.{{sfn|Fairburn|2013|p=}} A stylized version of The Bluffs was incorporated into the design of the flag of the former city of Scarborough.

The Scarborough Bluffs formerly extended further west along the coastline of Lake Ontario towards the Toronto Harbour, but extensive areas along the western fringe were leveled by the use of explosives for the implementation of primarily industrial and some residential urban development. Even the existing formation has and continues to shrink considerably decade after decade due to consistent and dramatic erosion.

The Bluffs have become a community meeting place for people of all ages. It features various recreational hiking and walking trails, as well as picnic tables, fire pits, places to pitch a tent, parking lots, a restaurant, and a large marina with a boating club.

Geology

The Bluffs run {{convert|15|km|mi}} from the foot of Victoria Park Avenue in the west to the mouth of Highland Creek in the east, reaching as high as {{convert|90|m|ft}}— the equivalent of twenty-five storeys.^[3] However, the escarpment continues westward inland, running between Kingston Road and Queen Street East, pausing over the Don Valley, and continuing on the north side of Davenport Road. The escarpment forms part of the old shoreline of Glacial Lake Iroquois, formed after the last ice age, which left valuable geological records as the part of the escarpment by the lake eroded. The eroded alluvial deposits from the Bluffs then settled westward to form the Toronto Islands.

Issues

Erosion

The Scarborough Bluffs have been eroding at a rapid rate since residences have been built along the lake bluff tops. The million-dollar views have been prime real estate since the 1940s.^[4] The desire for a beautiful lakeside view and an affluent lifestyle led to a real estate boom along the Bluffs—this resulted in a direct correlation of the accelerating rate of erosion ^[5]. The eroding Bluffs have resulted in damaged private property and the need for public assets to be spend on repairs and corrective action ^[5]. In summer 2008, chunks of the Bluffs had eroded to the point that one quarter of a cottage that the late actor and comedian Billy Van once owned, was left hanging on the cliff—the cottage was deemed a safety hazard by Toronto city officials as a result.^[6] This unfortunately is one of the many current and potential losses of properties, and the case for remedial shoreline protection is clear. To combat erosion, boulders acting as armor, rocks, and trees were placed at the base. However, to place these rocks and trees, a beach must be created to allow trucks to access the cliff base which would involve leveling parts of the Bluffs, such as the aforementioned Bluffer's Park. The Cathedral Bluffs, which is an impressive portion of the Bluffs, was the result of continued erosion.^[7]. Currently, to combat erosion and to make the area safe and more accessible, The Toronto Region Conservation Authority has created the Scarborough Waterfront Project which aims to revamp about 11 kilometers of Scarborough Bluff's shoreline.^[8]

Safety

The Scarborough Bluffs have been a sought out destination for photographers and visitors to trek through. However due to erosion and flooding, this leads to dangerous conditions; according to the Toronto Region Conservation Authority, numerous people ignore warning signage. Areas that appear to be stable can collapse. "In terms of the park areas or where people want to go right at the top of the Bluffs, it's completely safe as long as they stay on the appropriate side of the fence. It's when they go on the wrong side of the fence that it causes issue". ^[9] Currently, for those who ignore signage and enter restricted areas, fines of up to $5,000 will be handed out. ^[10]

Parks

A number of city parks are located along the bluffs from Victoria Park Avenue to Rouge River. Most are located on the top the bluffs, but some are located at the base along the shoreline with Lake Ontario.

Development of parkland began with the then Borough of Scarborough prior to 1960, while some remained in private hands. From 1960 to 1978 the parks were acquired by the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority which developed into today's current parks. Outside of the parks, many sections of the bluffs are on private property.

• Bluffer's Park: only park along the Bluffs with direct access to the lake. It features a sandy beach and man-made berms that provide views of both the bluffs and the lake; land was acquired by Toronto and Region Conservation Authority from Borough of Scarborough in 1960 and opened as a park in 1975
• Cathedral Bluffs Park: land originally owned by Sisters of St. Joseph, sold to developers who left the area near the edge of the Bluffs as parkland; acquired by TRCA in 1960
• Chesterton Shores
• Crescentwood Park
• Cudia Park: acquired by Metro Toronto in 1960 from Scarborough and later transferred to TRCA
• East Point Park: berms and infill added to create waterfront area
• Doris McCarthy Trail
  • Gates Gully: partial beach and berms
• Greyabbey Park
• Guild Park and Gardens
• Harrison Properties
• Port Union Waterfront Park: uses breakwaters to protect shoreline
• Rosetta McClain Gardens: acquired in 1959 by Metro Toronto from Robert Watson McClain but did not become a park until 1977 when it was passed on to TRCA
• Rouge Beach Park
• Scarboro Crescent Park- located on Cecil Crescent and due west of Bluffer's Park. Park located on top of bluffs with no access to the water; formerly known as Scarborough Bluffs Park the City of Toronto renamed it as Scarboro Crescent Park to discourage users from attempting to climb down from the location.^[11]
• Scarborough Heights Park: transferred to Metro Toronto in 1960 and later transferred to TRCA
• South Marine Drive Park
• Sylvan Park: acquired from private hands by Metro Toronto in 1966 and transferred to TRCA; breakwaters found between this park and Cudia Park
  • Gates Gully: partial beach and berms

Community Associations and Groups

There are two registered non-profit community associations in the Scarborough Bluffs area

• The Scarborough Bluffs Community Association, which represents the Birch Cliff, Cliffside and Cliffcrest neighbourhoods ^[12]
• The Guildwood Village Community Association, which represents the Guildwood Village neighbourhood^[13]

See also

• Geography of Toronto
• Toronto ravine system
• Toronto waterfront

References

Citations

Bibliography

• {{cite book |first=Derek |last=Hayes |year=2008 |publisher=Douglas & McIntyre |title=Historical Atlas of Toronto |location=Toronto, Ontario |isbn= |ref=harv}}
• {{cite book |first=M. Jane |last=Fairburn |year=2013 |publisher=ECW Press |title=Along the Shore: Rediscovering Toronto's Waterfront Heritage |isbn=9781770410992 |ref=harv}}

External links

• [https://www.toronto.ca/explore-enjoy/parks-gardens-beaches/scarborough-bluffs/ Scarborough Bluffs — City of Toronto]

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