| 词条 | Schefferville |
| 释义 |
| name = Schefferville | native_name = | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = Schefferville Pierre Bouchard.JPG | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = 120x100px | image_shield = | shield_size = 100x80px | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | mapsize = 200px | pushpin_map = Côte-Nord Region Quebec | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_label = Schefferville | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Côte-Nord Region of Quebec. | coordinates = {{coord|54|48|N|66|50|W|region:CA-QC|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes= [1] | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Canada | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Quebec | subdivision_type2 = Region | subdivision_name2 = Côte-Nord | subdivision_type3 = RCM | subdivision_name3 = Caniapiscau | established_title = Settled | established_date = 1953 | established_title1 = Constituted | established_date1 = August 1, 1955 | government_footnotes = [1] | government_type = | leader_title = Administrator | leader_name = Paul Joncas | leader_title1 = Federal riding | leader_name1 = Manicouagan | leader_title2 = Prov. riding | leader_name2 = Duplessis | area_footnotes = [1][2] | area_total_km2 = 39.00 | area_land_km2 = 25.11 | area_water_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = [2] | population_total = 213 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_density_km2= 8.5 | population_blank1_title= Pop 2006-2011 | population_blank1 = {{increase}} 5.4% | population_blank2_title= Dwellings | population_blank2 = 178 | population_note = | timezone = EST | utc_offset = −5 | timezone_DST = EDT | utc_offset_DST = −4 | postal_code_type = Postal code(s) | postal_code = G0G 2T0 | area_code = 418 and 581 | blank_name = Highways | blank_info = No major routes | website = http://www.ville-schefferville.ca/ | footnotes = }} Schefferville is a town in the Canadian province of Quebec. Schefferville is in the heart of the Naskapi and Innu territory in northern Quebec, less than 2 km from the border with Labrador on the north shore of Knob Lake. It is located within the Caniapiscau Regional County Municipality and has an area of {{convert|25.11|km2}}. Schefferville completely surrounds the autonomous Innu community of Matimekosh, and it abuts the small community of Lac-John Reserve. Both of the latter communities are First Nations Innu reserves. Schefferville is also close to the Naskapi reserved land of Kawawachikamach. The isolated town is not connected to the provincial road network but is accessible by airplane via the Schefferville Airport or by train. Schefferville is the northern terminus of Tshiuetin Rail Transportation (formerly operated by the Quebec North Shore and Labrador Railway) with service to Sept-Îles. McGill University operates the McGill Subarctic Research Station in Schefferville. HistorySchefferville was established as a town in 1954 by the Iron Ore Company Of Canada to support the mining of rich iron ore deposits in the area. The original settlement was called "Burnt Creek" and was located some miles to the north of the current location of the town of Schefferville. When the plans were drawn up for the town, it was originally called "Knob Lake", after a prominent iron ore outcropping visible on a prominent hill south of the town site. The name Schefferville was adopted in honour of (Roman Catholic) Bishop Lionel Scheffer, who served as the Vicar Apostolic of Labrador from March 14, 1946, until his death on October 3, 1966.[3] At the time of the town's founding, Innu from Maliotenam and Naskapi from Fort Chimo were resettled to Schefferville to assist with geological exploration work and the railway construction. Following many years of neglect, in which they suffered destitute poverty, in 1968 parts of the town were set aside for them as a reserve. By 1972, housing units had been built. Most of the Naskapi and Innu moved to this new site, known today as Matimekosh Reserve.[4] For some years in the late 1950s, NORAD operated a radar station in Schefferville as part of the Mid-Canada Line, part of North America's defences against possible Soviet attack across the arctic. At its peak in the late 1960s, Schefferville counted some 5,000 residents. But iron ore mining ceased there in 1982, on orders from Brian Mulroney, president of the Iron Ore Company. He later was elected as Prime Minister of Canada. When mine operations ceased, most of the 4,000 or so non-aboriginal occupants left. The remainder were mostly aboriginal people who had settled there in the preceding 30 years. In 1986, the town ceased to exist as an incorporated legal entity, but this decision was reversed in 1990. Some houses and public facilities were demolished, while other parts of the infrastructure were added to the Matimekosh Reserve.[3] Many of the remaining houses in the town are used as company housing by businesses active in the iron industry. DemographicsAt the Canada 2011 Census, Schefferville had a population of 213 inhabitants, an increase of 5.4 percent from the 2006 census total of 202. In comparison, Matimekosh had a population of 540 and Lac-John, 21. The town counted 110 private dwellings occupied by usual residents out of a total of 178.[2] Many Naskapi first nation people live mostly in the village of Kawawachikamach, northwest of Schefferville. They are mostly Anglican and Protestant and speak English as their second language. The Innu people reside mainly in Schefferville and Matimekosh. They are largely Roman Catholic and speak French as their second language. The Naskapi and Montagnais/Innu languages are, generally, mutually intelligible. Most local inhabitants are able to speak varying amounts of all the local languages, and code-switching is common in conversation. The breakdown of mother tongues is:[5]
Population trend:[6]
Recent developmentsAs a result of increased demand for steel and iron ore, two official projects are underway in the early 21st century to re-establish mining operations out of Schefferville. The first is the LabMag Iron Ore Project, 30 kilometres west of Schefferville. The objective is to develop mining and concentrating near Schefferville that will mine 33 million tonnes of crude iron ore per year, in order to produce 10 million tonnes per year of concentrate and pellets for a minimum of 20 years. Mining production began in 2011. The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach owns 20% of the LabMag Iron Ore Project. In addition, Anglesey Mining had applied for final operational permits on its former Iron Ore Company of Canada deposits. Production was scheduled to start during late summer 2010, with output rising to two or three million tons of ore a year by 2012 before further deposits are developed. Innu protesters blocked access to Schefferville in July 2010. They delayed the start of mining with demands for increased compensation for the commercial exploitation of their traditional homelands. ClimateSchefferville has a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc). Schefferville has cool summers relative to its latitude and inland location. The cold winters are caused in part by the ice cover of Hudson Bay eliminating maritime moderation, causing an inland area between the Rockies and the Atlantic on the latitude. Although, Schefferville is nearer the Atlantic, the cold Labrador Current brings cold air also from the east. In summer, the Hudson Bay water is cold after just thawing, whereas the Labrador waters remains cool and prone to low-pressure systems under the Icelandic Low. {{Weather box|location = Schefferville Airport (1981−2010) |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 5.1 |Feb record high C = 5.1 |Mar record high C = 9.4 |Apr record high C = 13.1 |May record high C = 28.3 |Jun record high C = 34.3 |Jul record high C = 31.7 |Aug record high C = 28.7 |Sep record high C = 26.7 |Oct record high C = 20.6 |Nov record high C = 9.8 |Dec record high C = 5.0 |year record high C = 34.3 |Jan high C = −19.2 |Feb high C = −17.0 |Mar high C = -9.7 |Apr high C = -1.0 |May high C = 5.9 |Jun high C = 13.4 |Jul high C = 17.1 |Aug high C = 16.1 |Sep high C = 9.6 |Oct high C = 1.6 |Nov high C = -6.0 |Dec high C = -15.7 |year high C = -0.4 |Jan mean C = -24.5 |Feb mean C = -22.8 |Mar mean C = -15.9 |Apr mean C = -7.2 |May mean C = 1.0 |Jun mean C = 8.2 |Jul mean C = 12.2 |Aug mean C = 11.4 |Sep mean C = 5.9 |Oct mean C = -1.4 |Nov mean C = -9.8 |Dec mean C = -20.5 |year mean C = -5.3 |Jan low C = −29.8 |Feb low C = −28.5 |Mar low C = −22.2 |Apr low C = -13.3 |May low C = -4.0 |Jun low C = 3.0 |Jul low C = 7.3 |Aug low C = 6.6 |Sep low C = 2.3 |Oct low C = -4.3 |Nov low C = −13.5 |Dec low C = −25.3 |year low C = -10.2 |Jan record low C = −48.3 |Feb record low C = −50.6 |Mar record low C = −45.0 |Apr record low C = −36.1 |May record low C = −23.3 |Jun record low C = −7.8 |Jul record low C = 0.0 |Aug record low C = -3.3 |Sep record low C = −9.4 |Oct record low C = −19.4 |Nov record low C = −35.6 |Dec record low C = −47.2 |year record low C = −50.6 |Jan precipitation mm = 49.7 |Feb precipitation mm = 29.7 |Mar precipitation mm = 49.8 |Apr precipitation mm = 56.4 |May precipitation mm = 50.3 |Jun precipitation mm = 76.6 |Jul precipitation mm = 96.2 |Aug precipitation mm = 82.5 |Sep precipitation mm = 114.6 |Oct precipitation mm = 74.7 |Nov precipitation mm = 63.5 |Dec precipitation mm = 48.1 |year precipitation mm = |Jan rain mm = 0.26 |Feb rain mm = 0.29 |Mar rain mm = 1.4 |Apr rain mm = 9.0 |May rain mm = 26.1 |Jun rain mm = 69.2 |Jul rain mm = 96.1 |Aug rain mm = 81.9 |Sep rain mm = 103.0 |Oct rain mm = 24.5 |Nov rain mm = 4.5 |Dec rain mm = 0.73 |year rain mm = |Jan snow cm = 70.6 |Feb snow cm = 60.6 |Mar snow cm = 66.6 |Apr snow cm = 50.5 |May snow cm = 22.4 |Jun snow cm = 6.0 |Jul snow cm = 0.1 |Aug snow cm = 0.3 |Sep snow cm = 11.1 |Oct snow cm = 55.2 |Nov snow cm = 66.6 |Dec snow cm = 76.6 |year snow cm = |unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm |unit rain days = 0.2 mm |unit snow days = 0.2 cm |Jan precipitation days = 16.5 |Feb precipitation days = 13.8 |Mar precipitation days = 16.5 |Apr precipitation days = 15.7 |May precipitation days = 16.0 |Jun precipitation days = 17.1 |Jul precipitation days = 18.9 |Aug precipitation days = 17.8 |Sep precipitation days = 21.4 |Oct precipitation days = 21.7 |Nov precipitation days = 20.8 |Dec precipitation days = 19.1 |year precipitation days = 215.2 |Jan rain days = 0.15 |Feb rain days = 0.54 |Mar rain days = 0.85 |Apr rain days = 3.3 |May rain days = 8.8 |Jun rain days = 15.4 |Jul rain days = 18.9 |Aug rain days = 17.8 |Sep rain days = 19.0 |Oct rain days = 7.6 |Nov rain days = 2.3 |Dec rain days = 0.58 |year rain days = 95.1 |Jan snow days = 16.6 |Feb snow days = 13.6 |Mar snow days = 17.0 |Apr snow days = 13.9 |May snow days = 10.6 |Jun snow days = 4.2 |Jul snow days = 0.23 |Aug snow days = 0.25 |Sep snow days = 5.9 |Oct snow days = 18.4 |Nov snow days = 20.8 |Dec snow days = 19.1 |year snow days = 140.7 |Jan sun = 86.2 |Feb sun = 122.3 |Mar sun = 153.2 |Apr sun = 185.2 |May sun = 199.8 |Jun sun = 185.4 |Jul sun = 196.9 |Aug sun = 177.4 |Sep sun = 90.5 |Oct sun = 61.3 |Nov sun = 49.6 |Dec sun = 58.9 |year sun = 1566.6 |Jan percentsun = 35.3 |Feb percentsun = 44.8 |Mar percentsun = 41.8 |Apr percentsun = 43.9 |May percentsun = 40.1 |Jun percentsun = 35.9 |Jul percentsun = 38.0 |Aug percentsun = 38.3 |Sep percentsun = 23.6 |Oct percentsun = 18.8 |Nov percentsun = 19.5 |Dec percentsun = 25.9 |year percentsun = 33.8 |source 1 = Environment Canada[7] |date=August 2010 }} Notable people
References1. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.mamrot.gouv.qc.ca/repertoire-des-municipalites/fiche/municipalite/97040/ |title=Schefferville |work=Répertoire des municipalités |publisher=Ministère des Affaires municipales, des Régions et de l'Occupation du territoire |language=French |accessdate=2012-05-07}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=2497040&Geo2=PR&Code2=24&Data=Count&SearchText=Schefferville&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |title=Schefferville census profile |publisher=Statistics Canada |work=2011 Census of Population |accessdate=2012-05-07}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/fiche.aspx?no_seq=58761|title=Schefferville (ville)|publisher=Commission de toponymie du Québec|accessdate=2010-10-15|language=French}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naskapi.ca/en/our_nation/history.htm|title=Our Nation - History|publisher=Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach|accessdate=2010-10-15|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528024000/http://www.naskapi.ca/en/our_nation/history.htm|archivedate=2011-05-28|df=}} 5. ^Statistics Canada 2006 Census - Schefferville community profile 6. ^Statistics Canada: 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011 census 7. ^{{cite web| publisher = Environment Canada| url = ftp://ftp.tor.ec.gc.ca/Pub/Normals/English/| title = Schefferville Airport| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010| accessdate = November 25, 2013}} External links{{Commons category-inline|Schefferville}}
{{Geographic location | Centre = Schefferville (surrounds Matimekosh) | North = Lac-Vacher | Northeast = | East = Lac-John, Lac-Vacher | Southeast = | South = Lac-Vacher | Southwest = | West = Div. No. 10 Subd. D (NL) | Northwest = }} {{Caniapiscau RCM|state=expanded}} 3 : Cities and towns in Quebec|Incorporated places in Côte-Nord|Road-inaccessible communities of Quebec |
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