| 词条 | Schiehallion |
| 释义 |
| name = Schiehallion |other_name = Sìdh Chailleann | photo = Schiehallion NW ridge.jpg | photo_caption = The north-west ridge of Schiehallion in April | map = Scotland Perth and Kinross | coordinates = {{coord|56.6668|N|4.1001|W|type:mountain_scale:100000|display=inline,title}} | elevation_m = 1083 | elevation_ref =[1] | prominence = c. 718 m | parent_peak = Ben Lawers | listing = Munro, Marilyn | translation = Fairy Hill of the Caledonians | language = Gaelic | pronunciation = {{IPA-gd|ʃiˈxaʎən̪ˠ|lang}} | location = Perth and Kinross, Scotland | range = | grid_ref_UK = NN714548 | topo = OS Landranger 51 | first_ascent = | easiest_route = }} Schiehallion ({{IPAc-en|ʃ|iː|ˈ|h|æ|l|i|.|ə|n}};[2] {{lang-gd|Sìdh Chailleann}}, {{IPA-gd|ʃiˈxaʎən̪ˠ|IPA}}) is a prominent mountain in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. Schiehallion has a rich botanical life, interesting archaeology, and a unique place in scientific history for an 18th-century experiment in "weighing the world". The mountain's popularity amongst walkers led to erosion on its footpath and extensive repairs were undertaken in 2001. The name Schiehallion is an anglicised form of the Gaelic name Sìdh Chailleann, which translates as "Mound of the Caledonians", although Maskelyne (1772) reported a translation of "Constant Storm", besides a Lowland Scots name of "Maiden-Pap".[3] LocationSchiehallion lies between Loch Tay, Loch Rannoch and Loch Tummel, about {{convert|10|mi|km|abbr=off}} to the west-north-west of Aberfeldy in Perthshire.[4] The mountain, with an elevation of {{convert|3553|ft|m|abbr=off}}, is isolated from other peaks and has an almost perfectly conical shape from the west. The view of the broad eastern flank attracts many visitors to the shores of Loch Tummel. Schiehallion is sometimes described as the centre of Scotland. The folk group Gaberlunzie sang a song "The Back of Schiehallion", meaning Scotland. BotanyThe slopes of Schiehallion are rich in botanical life, with heathers, mosses and blaeberry. Blanket bog and heather moorland change colour with the seasons. The limestone pavement provides nutrients, supporting plants including dog's mercury, lily of the valley and wood anemone.[4] GeologyThe majority of Schiehallion consists of Quartzite, a rock formed from an original sand by heat and pressure. Quartzite is a white or pinkish rock, in which the dominant mineral is Quartz. Quartz is hard, being number seven on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. It is able to scratch glass since it is harder than glass. People often mistakenly think that Schiehallion is an extinct volcano because its shape is reminiscent of an active volcano. If fact it formed by sedimentary processes and the shape is the result of erosion by ice during the ice ages.[5] HistoryThe slopes of Schiehallion have been inhabited and cultivated since the first millennium BC until approximately two hundred years ago.[6] Schiehallion has been used for grazing sheep and stalking red deer. Since 1999 the eastern side of the mountain has been owned by the John Muir Trust.[8] The Schiehallion experiment{{main|Schiehallion experiment}}Schiehallion's isolated position and regular shape led it to be selected by Charles Mason for a ground-breaking experiment to estimate the mass of the Earth in 1774.[7] The deflection of a pendulum by the mass of the mountain provided an estimate of the mean density of the Earth, from which its mass and a value for Newton's Gravitational constant G could be deduced. Mason turned down a commission to carry out the work and it was instead coordinated by Astronomer Royal, Nevil Maskelyne. He was assisted in the task by mathematician Charles Hutton, who devised a graphical system to represent large volumes of surveyed heights, later known as contour lines.[8] FootpathA Munro, Schiehallion is popular with walkers due to its accessibility, ease of ascent and views from its summit. An estimated 17,500 to 20,000 walkers made the ascent in 2000.[9] Most walkers start from the Forestry Commission car park at Brae of Foss, which lies just outside the boundary of the John Muir Trust estate. The route, which initially heads southwest before turning west to follow the main ridgeline of the hill, is about 4.5 km in length. Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in the British Isles, can be seen to the north from the summit of Schiehallion. By 1999, when the John Muir Trust bought the estate, the main path had become exceedingly eroded by the passage of many thousands of walkers. The scar was visible from quite a distance. The organisation therefore decided to construct a new path, following a different line, better able to handle the pressure of visitors. In cultureThe Schiehallion oilfield is named after the mountain.[10] One of the major oilfields on Great Britain's continental shelf, it is operated by BP and situated in the North Atlantic approximately {{convert|180|mi|km|abbr=on}} west of Shetland. Schiehallion was the setting for the final showdown in Grant Morrison's comic series Zenith. The Harviestoun Brewery produce a cask-conditioned lager called Schiehallion. A Scottish Country Dance ("Schiehallion") and figure, the Schiehallion Reel are both named after the mountain. Song "Schiehallion" featured on the 1994 album Time For A New Day by the independent band King Rizla. Pipe Major Donald Shaw Ramsay composed a 3/4 march entitled "Schiehallion". The England-based band "Schiehallion Pipes and Drums" (named for the Munro) led by Drum Major Jim (Jaimie) Gibb, has adopted the march as their signature tune, and is indeed the lead-in tune on their album Hail! Schiehallion. GallerySee also
Footnotes1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.walkhighlands.co.uk/munros/schiehallion |title=Walkhighlands Schiehallion |author= |year=2013 |website=walkhighlands.co.uk |publisher=walkhighlands.co.uk |accessdate=13 October 2013}} 2. ^{{Cite web|title = Schiehallion|url = http://www.walkhighlands.co.uk/perthshire/schiehallion.shtml|accessdate = 2015-06-16|website = Walk Highlands}} 3. ^"Perthshire afforded us a remarkable hill, nearly in the centre of Scotland, of sufficient height, tolerably detached from other hills, and considerably larger from east to west than from north to south, called by the people of the low country Maiden-Pap, but by the neighbouring inhabitants Schiehallion, which I have since been informed signifies in the Erse language Constant Storm; a name well adapted to the appearance which it so frequently exhibits to those who live near it, by the clouds and mists which usually crown its summit"{{cite web| url=http://www.sillittopages.co.uk/schie/schie57.html| title=Maskelyne on Schiehallion| publisher=RMS Archives| accessdate=11 April 2009}} 4. ^1 {{cite web| url=http://www.perthshire.co.uk/index.asp?pg=358| title=Schiehallion| publisher=VisitScotland Perthshire| accessdate=11 April 2009}} 5. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.rannoch.info/Geology.htm| title=Geology of Rannoch| accessdate=15 May 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.archive-articles.co.uk/wildlife/TheStoryofSchiehallion.htm| archive-url=https://archive.is/20120904150550/http://www.archive-articles.co.uk/wildlife/TheStoryofSchiehallion.htm| dead-url=yes| archive-date=4 September 2012| title=The Story of Schiehallion| author=Clare Thomas| publisher=archive-articles.co.uk| accessdate=11 April 2009}} 7. ^{{cite book|last=Danson|first=Edwin|title=Weighing the World|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|page=116|isbn=978-0-19-518169-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UNH_Y7ERFeoC&pg=PA115}} 8. ^{{cite book| last=Danson| first=Edwin| title=Weighing the World| publisher=Oxford University Press| year=2006| page=153| isbn=978-0-19-518169-2| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UNH_Y7ERFeoC&pg=PA153}} 9. ^1 {{cite web| url=http://www.jmt.org/east-schiehallion-estate.asp| title=East Schiehallion Estate| publisher=John Muir Trust| accessdate=30 January 2008}} 10. ^{{cite news| title=Conservation trust attacked for accepting oil giant's cash| url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_20000430/ai_n13948383/| publisher=Sunday Herald| date=30 April 2000| author=Rob Edwards| accessdate=11 April 2009}}
6 : Munros|Marilyns of Scotland|Mountains and hills of the Southern Highlands|Mountains and hills of Perth and Kinross|Sites of Special Scientific Interest in West Perth|One-thousanders of the British Isles |
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