| 词条 | Knoll Aircraft Company | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Knoll Aircraft Company | logo = | caption = | type = Aircraft Manufacturer | fate = Assets purchased | Predecessor = | successor = Yellow Air Cab Company | foundation = October 10, 1928[1] | defunct = October 28, 1929[2] | location = Wichita, Kansas | industry = | products = | key_people = Felix W. A. Knoll, T.M. "Tommy" Thomas, George Bruce, C.V. Snyder, D.E. Sauder, Harold Zipp | num_employees = | parent = | subsid = }}Knoll Aircraft Company was an American aircraft manufacturer based in Wichita, Kansas.[3] Design and developmentThe Knoll Aircraft Corporation received its state charter on October 10, 1928.[4] Felix Knoll, formerly of The Rohrbach Metal Aeroplane Company (Germany) and later the Chief Engineer of the Heinkel Aircraft Company, immigrated to the United States from Germany for better opportunities. Within weeks of being in the country, Wichita business leaders recruited Felix to come to Wichita and start a company of his own. Engineering work, stress calculations, and drawings for the first model, the KN-1, were completed in Room 623 of the Broadview Hotel.[5] Felix and Herbert Schwenke; another German immigrant from The Rohrbach Metal Aeroplane Company, worked on the plans together.[6] George Siedhoff, who owned and built the Broadview Hotel where the KN-1 was designed, was selected to build a new 50,000 square foot factory on a 148-acre tract of land at the northeast corner of Kellogg and Webb Road.[7] The building featured two stories, a mezzanine area, clear story windows, and adjacent runway.[8] Assets such as machinery, tools, and equipment were purchased from the bankruptcy of Laird Whippoorwill Airplane Company. The company set up a temporary shop at 471 W 1st street in the former building of both the Travel Air Company and Laird Whippoorwill.[9] By the end of December, 1928, the first airplane was ready to fly. Over five hundred spectators gathered around the East Airport to watch the KN-1 first flight. Amongst the crowd were Lloyd Stearman, Walter Beech, reporters, and motion picture cameramen.[10] The December 30, 1928 first test flight was so successful that pilot Howard Jones chose to double the planned time and stayed in the air for thirty minutes. He took the airplane through loops, rolls, and power dives.[11] The KN-2 and KN-3 models shared the common airframe of the KN-1, though they were upgraded with more powerful 300 and 425 horsepower engines. The KN-3 also had an open-place cockpit in back of the cabin, allowing the seating of one additional passenger inside.[12] Art Goebel, a pilot famous for winning the 1928 Dole Air Race from San Diego to Hawaii, was to have a larger custom built KN-4 to race around the world.[13] Operational historyOn June 12, 1929, test-pilot Russell Dick flying the Knoll KN-3, beat the US Army’s Lieutenant Walker piloting a Thomas-Morse pursuit plane in a race performing at the Wichita Air Show.[14] On June 21 he performed again at the Aerial Wedding of Kansas, Oklahoma, Missouri, and Texas. He did steep power dives from 3000 feet to 100 feet, thrilling the crowds and demonstrating the strength of the airframe.[15] The first and fourth aircraft produced were purchased by Mexican interests at a time of civil war.[16] The delivery of the aircraft were later held up by political and registration issues en route. On June 2, 1929 the new factory building under construction at Kellogg and Webb road was severely damaged by a storm.[17] On June 16, 1929, 6,000 new shares of capital stock were released.[18][19] ClosingIn July 1929 the company was not paying its bills. The company assets were found to be embezzled soon afterward.[20] Demand for new aircraft in the summer of 1929 was softening.[21] Arguments between the board of directors and management broke out over the necessity of building the new factory, the hiring of too many engineers, and also the Yunker contract work.[22][23] Payment for the Yunker work was to have been stock in the Yunker Aircraft Company.[24] The lack of funds, and sales combined with the depression, halted production with three new aircraft in development. The company was placed into receivership on August 26, 1929, under the management of Ray Theis.[25] The company began moving into the new factory on August 27, 1929.[26] On October 28, 1929 the company was shut down and on December 18, the assets were liquidated at auction. Roy Buckley purchased the manufacturing machinery and equipment. He would later found the Buckley Aircraft Company. George Siedhoff purchased uncompleted airframe sections and parts, as well as the rights to X8899. C.V. Snyder bought the new plant and grounds.[27] The Yellow Air Cab Company, in turn, bought it in late 1930. The airport property was then purchased by Beechcraft in 1940 and became their Plant II.[28] Aircraft
Technical staff
Specifications (KN-1)[50]{{aerospecs|ref= |met or eng?=eng |crew=One pilot |capacity=3 passengers |length m=7.09 |length ft=23 |length in=3 |span m=10.21 |span ft=33 |span in=6 |swept m= |swept ft= |swept in= |rot number= |rot dia m= |rot dia ft= |rot dia in= |dia m= |dia ft= |dia in= |width m= |width ft= |width in= |height m= |height ft= |height in= |wing area sqm=24.5 |wing area sqft=264 |swept area sqm= |swept area sqft= |rot area sqm= |rot area sqft= |volume m3= |volume ft3= |aspect ratio= |empty weight kg=816 |empty weight lb=1,800 |gross weight kg=1,383 |gross weight lb=3,050 |lift kg= |lift lb= |eng1 number=1 |eng1 type=Wright J-5-9 |eng1 kw=164 |eng1 hp=220 |eng1 kn= |eng1 lbf= |eng1 kn-ab= |eng1 lbf-ab= |eng2 number= |eng2 type= |eng2 kw= |eng2 hp= |eng2 kn= |eng2 lbf= |eng2 kn-ab= |eng2 lbf-ab= |Airfoil=Goettingen 620 --> |max speed kmh=225 |max speed mph=140 |max speed mach= |cruise speed kmh= |cruise speed mph= |range km=1,931 |range miles=1,200 |endurance h= |endurance min= |ceiling m=4,267 |ceiling ft=14,000 ft |glide ratio= |climb rate ms=4.1 |climb rate ftmin=800 |sink rate ms= |sink rate ftmin= |armament1= |armament2= |armament3= |armament4= |armament5= |armament6= }} Specifications (KN-3)[51]{{aerospecs|ref= |met or eng?=eng |crew=One pilot |capacity=4 passengers |length m=7.39 |length ft=24 |length in=3 |span m=10.21 |span ft=33 |span in=6 |swept m= |swept ft= |swept in= |rot number= |rot dia m= |rot dia ft= |rot dia in= |dia m= |dia ft= |dia in= |width m= |width ft= |width in= |height m= |height ft= |height in= |wing area sqm=24.5 |wing area sqft=264 |swept area sqm= |swept area sqft= |rot area sqm= |rot area sqft= |volume m3= |volume ft3= |aspect ratio= |empty weight kg=953 |empty weight lb=2,100 |gross weight kg=1,814 |gross weight lb=4,000 |lift kg= |lift lb= |eng1 number=1 |eng1 type=R-1340-9 |eng1 kw=317 |eng1 hp=425 |eng1 kn= |eng1 lbf= |eng1 kn-ab= |eng1 lbf-ab= |eng2 number= |eng2 type= |eng2 kw= |eng2 hp= |eng2 kn= |eng2 lbf= |eng2 kn-ab= |eng2 lbf-ab= |Airfoil=Goettingen 620 --> |max speed kmh=282 |max speed mph=175 |max speed mach= |cruise speed kmh= |cruise speed mph= |range km=1,287 |range miles=800 |endurance h= |endurance min= |ceiling m=5,486 |ceiling ft=18,000 |glide ratio= |climb rate ms=6.1 |climb rate ftmin=1,200 |sink rate ms= |sink rate ftmin= |armament1= |armament2= |armament3= |armament4= |armament5= |armament6= }} Specifications (KN-22 Twin-Hull Amphibian)[52]{{aerospecs|ref= |met or eng?=eng |crew=10 |capacity=22–40 passengers |length m=28.0 |length ft=91 |length in=10 |span m=48.76 |span ft=160 |span in=0 |swept m= |swept ft= |swept in= |rot number= |rot dia m= |rot dia ft= |rot dia in= |dia m= |dia ft= |dia in= |width m= |width ft= |width in= |height m= |height ft= |height in= |wing area sqm=278.7 |wing area sqft=3,000 |swept area sqm= |swept area sqft= |rot area sqm= |rot area sqft= |volume m3= |volume ft3= |aspect ratio= |empty weight kg=24,267 |empty weight lb=53,500 |gross weight kg=32,931 |gross weight lb=72,600 |lift kg= |lift lb= |eng1 number=8 |eng1 type=Packard 3A-2500 V12 |eng1 kw=596.6 |eng1 hp=800 |eng1 kn= |eng1 lbf= |eng1 kn-ab= |eng1 lbf-ab= |eng2 number= |eng2 type= |eng2 kw= |eng2 hp= |eng2 kn= |eng2 lbf= |eng2 kn-ab= |eng2 lbf-ab= |max speed kmh=363.7 |max speed mph=226 |max speed mach= |cruise speed kmh= |cruise speed mph= |range km= |range miles= |endurance h= |endurance min= |ceiling m= |ceiling ft= |glide ratio= |climb rate ms= |climb rate ftmin= |sink rate ms= |sink rate ftmin= |armament1= |armament2= |armament3= |armament4= |armament5= |armament6= }} External links
ReferencesNotes1. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Beacon|date=October 11, 1928|title=New Factory}} 2. ^{{cite news|newspaper=District Court of Sedgwick County, Kansas No. 70423|date=October 28, 1929|title=Receiver's Report of Sale}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Knoll Aircraft Company|url=http://www.pknoll.net/knoll_aircraft/aircraftco.htm|accessdate=15 August 2012}} 4. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Beacon|date=October 11, 1928|title=New Factory}} 5. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Beacon|date=October 12, 1928|title=New Aircraft Firm to Complete First Plane in December}} 6. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Beacon|date=December 12, 1928|title=Plane to be a Revelation}} 7. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Beacon|date=November 28, 1928|title=Knoll Aircraft Breaks Ground}} 8. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Beacon|date=February 22, 1929|title=How Knoll's New Factory Will Look}} 9. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Eagle|date=October 18, 1928|title=Start Work Today on New Type Plane}} 10. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Beacon|date=December 30, 1928|title=Wichita's Newest Plane is Ready for Its Maiden Hop Sometime Sunday}} 11. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Beacon|date=December 31, 1928|title=Knoll Plane is a Big Sensation}} 12. ^{{cite news|newspaper=Western Flying|date=August 1929|title=Knoll KN-3}} 13. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Pittsburg Press|date=February 13, 1929|title=Goebel Plans 125 Hour Non-Stop Flight Around World}} 14. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Eagle|date= June 13, 1929|title=12,000 See Wichita Air Show}} 15. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Beacon|date= June 22, 1929|title=Aerial Wedding a Huge Success}} 16. ^{{cite news|newspaper=Wichita Eagle|date=24 February 1929|page=3}} 17. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Eagle|date=June 4, 1929|title=Captioned Photo}} 18. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Beacon|date=June 16, 1929|title=The Knoll Aircraft Company}} 19. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Beacon|date=June 19, 1929|title=Sturdy Construction and Supreme Performance}} 20. ^{{cite web|title=Knoll Aircraft|url=http://www.pknoll.net/knoll_aircraft/calles.htm|accessdate=15 August 2012}} 21. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Eagle|date=January 28, 1985|title=Many a Wichita Aircraft Firm Crashed During the Great Depression}} 22. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Eagle|date=August 27, 1929|title=Ray Theis Selected Manager of Knoll}} 23. ^{{cite news|newspaper=District Court of Sedgwick County, Kansas No. 70423|date=August 24, 1929|title=George C. Bruce Vs The Knoll Aircraft Corporation}} 24. ^{{cite news|newspaper=District Court of Sedgwick County, Kansas No. 70423|date=October 22, 1929|title=Intervening Petition of George C. Yunker and the Yunker Aircraft Company}} 25. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Eagle|date=August 27, 1929|title=Ray Theis Selected Manager of Knoll}} 26. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Eagle|date=August 28, 1929|title=Into Its New Factory}} 27. ^{{cite news|newspaper=District Court of Sedgwick County, Kansas No. 70423|date=December 18, 1929|title=Receiver's Report of Sale}} 28. ^{{cite journal|magazine=Flying Magazine|date=September 1991|page=69}} 29. ^{{cite web|title=The Knoll Airplanes|url=http://www.pknoll.net/knoll_aircraft/kns.htm|accessdate=19 March 2013}} 30. ^{{cite web|title=Kansas Aviation Historical Anniversaries|url=http://www.wingsoverkansas.com/legacy/a92/|accessdate=6 October 2013}} 31. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Beacon|date=November 28, 1928|title=Knoll Aircraft Breaks Ground}} 32. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Beacon|date=November 28, 1928|title=Knoll Aircraft Breaks Ground}} 33. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Beacon|date=December 12, 1928|title=Plane to be a Revelation}} 34. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Beacon|date=January 13, 1929|title=Knoll's Staff is Enlarged}} 35. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Eagle|date=November 28, 1928|title=Wichita Gets New $75,000 Plane Plant}} 36. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Eagle|date=November 28, 1928|title=Wichita Gets New $75,000 Plane Plant}} 37. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Eagle|date=November 28, 1928|title=Wichita Gets New $75,000 Plane Plant}} 38. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Eagle|date=November 28, 1928|title=Wichita Gets New $75,000 Plane Plant}} 39. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Beacon|date=January 6, 1929|title=Expert Joining the Knoll Firm}} 40. ^{{cite web|title=The Stearman Model 70|url=http://opencockpit.net/kaydet_story.html|accessdate=19 March 2013}} 41. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Eagle|date=November 28, 1928|title=Wichita Gets New $75,000 Plane Plant}} 42. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Beacon|date=June 22, 1929|title=Aerial Wedding Huge Success}} 43. ^{{cite news|newspaper=TARPA Topics|date=May 1989|title=Captain Russell J Dick}} 44. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Eagle|date=December 30, 1928|title=Wichita's Newest Plane is Ready for Maiden Hop Sometime Sunday}} 45. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Eagle|date=June 16, 1929|title=Wichita Pilot Dies in Crash on Test Trip}} 46. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Beacon|date=June 16, 1929|title=Up in Test Flight}} 47. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Eagle|date=November 28, 1928|title=Wichita Gets New $75,000 Plane Plant}} 48. ^{{cite web|title=Super Rhone Engine|url=http://www.aviation-history.com/engines/super.htm|accessdate=19 March 2013}} 49. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Wichita Beacon|date=January 6, 1929|title=Expert Joining the Knoll Firm}} 50. ^{{cite journal|magazine=Aero Digest|date=March 1929|page=102}} 51. ^{{cite news|newspaper=Western Flying|date=August 1929|title=Knoll KN-3}} 52. ^{{cite news|newspaper=Daniel Guggenheim School of Aeronautics|date=September 1934|title=Wind Tunnel Test Number 732. Knoll Twin Hull Amphibian}} 1 : Aviation in Kansas |
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