| 词条 | Koldichevo |
| 释义 |
HistoryThe Koldichevo concentration camp was built early in the summer of 1942, about 18 km from Baranovichi, in the village of Kałdyčeva, on the road to Novogrudok, in German-occupied West Belarus.[2] A prisoner described it as "a sad collection of concrete buildings and overworked farmland, with dilapidated barns, animal stalls, and tool sheds [...] partitioned with an endless fence of barbed wire to create a makeshift prison." [3] The camp was used to imprison Soviet prisoners of war, Polish and Belorussian partisans, and Jews from Gorodishche, Dziatłava, Novogrudok, Stoŭbcy, and Baranovichi. Few prisoners survived the harsh conditions of the camp.[4] In March 1944, the surviving population of about 100 Jews, led by Shlomo Kushnir (or Kushner), drilled a hole in the wall of their barracks, cut through the electrical fence surrounding the camp, and escaped into the moonless night.[4] Twenty-four prisoners were recaptured, including Kushnir, who committed suicide. Many of the rest joined up with the Bielski partisans in the Naliboki forest.[5] On June 29, 1944, with Soviet troops approaching as part of Operation Bagration, the Koldichevo camp was liquidated. 2,000 of the remaining prisoners were shot in a pit beneath a mound.[6] Another 300 were evacuated to Germany.[7] In 1992, Sergis Hutyrczyk, a security guard who had immigrated to the United States in 1954, was identified as a guard from the camp at Koldichevo, accused of lying about his wartime activities and stripped of his U.S. citizenship. He died in 1993 while appealing his denaturalization.[8] See also{{div col|colwidth=21em}}
References1. ^{{cite book|last=Silberklang|first=David|title=Yad Vashem studies, Volume 31|year=2003|isbn=965-308-181-0 |pages= 128}} {{The Holocaust}}{{Authority control}}{{coord|53.2807|N|26.0488|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}2. ^{{cite book|last=Arad|first=Yitzhak|title=The Holocaust in the Soviet Union|year=2009|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|isbn=0-8032-2059-6|pages=325}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=Small|first=Martin|title=Remember us: my journey from the shtetl through the Holocaust|year=2009|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing|isbn=1-60239-723-6|pages=163}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|last=Tec|first=Nechama|title=Defiance: The Bielski Partisans|year=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press US|isbn=0-19-509390-9 |pages=198}} 5. ^{{cite book|last=Small|first=Martin|title=Remember us: my journey from the shtetl through the Holocaust|year=2009|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing|isbn=1-60239-723-6|pages=169}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.yahadmap.org/#village/koldychevo-grodno-belarus.405|publisher=yahadmap.org|title=YAHAD - IN UNUM|accessdate=15 July 2017}} 7. ^{{cite book|last=Strzelecki|first=Andrzej|title=The evacuation, dismantling and liberation of KL Auschwitz|year=2001|publisher=Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum|isbn=83-85047-95-6|pages=42}} 8. ^{{cite news|title=Sergis Hutyrczyk, 68; Named as Nazi Guard|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/02/06/obituaries/sergis-hutyrczyk-68-named-as-nazi-guard.html?src=pm|accessdate=30 January 2011|newspaper=New York Times|date=6 February 1993}} 1 : Nazi concentration camps in Belarus |
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