| 词条 | Konstantin Kalinin |
| 释义 |
Konstantin Alekseevich Kalinin (Born December 17 (29) 1889 in Warsaw, died in 1938 or on April 21, 1940 in Voronezh) was a World War I aviator and Soviet aircraft designer. Kalinin graduated from the Odessa Military School in 1912, the Gatchina Military Aviation School in 1916, and the Kiev Polytechnic Institute in 1925. During the Civil War of 1918–20 he was a pilot and commanding officer of Ukrainian People's Army which became one of the reason for his murder by Stalin's regime. He became a member of the CPSU in 1927. In 1926 he organized and headed an aviation design bureau in Kharkiv.[1] He designed the Kalinin K-4, Kalinin K-5, Kalinin K-7, and Kalinin K-12 aircraft. Kalinin was executed as an enemy of the state in 1938 during the Stalinist purges.[2] According to Soviet records, he died in 1940. Kalinin was one of the founders and first teachers of the Kharkiv Aviation Institute. He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.[3] References1. ^{{cite book|title=The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979)}} {{Kalinin aircraft}}{{Authority control}}2. ^{{cite book|title=The World's Worst Aircraft|author=Bill Yenne}} 3. ^{{cite book|title=The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979)}} 5 : 1889 births|1940 deaths|1938 deaths|Russian aerospace engineers|Kalinin aircraft |
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