1. Sample output

2. Prominent results
     Schlangemann {{anchor|Schlangemann}}   List of other works with notable acceptance   In conferences    In journals    Spoofing Google Scholar and h-index calculators  

3. See also

4. References

5. Further reading

6. External links

Sample output

Opening abstract of Rooter: A Methodology for the Typical Unification of Access Points and Redundancy:^[2]

Prominent results

In 2005 a paper generated by SCIgen, Rooter: A Methodology for the Typical Unification of Access Points and Redundancy, was accepted as a non-reviewed paper to the 2005 World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (WMSCI) and the authors were invited to speak. The authors of SCIgen described their hoax on their website, and it soon received great publicity when picked up by Slashdot.

WMSCI withdrew their invitation, but the SCIgen team went anyway, renting space in the hotel separately from the conference and delivering a series of randomly generated talks on their own "track". The organizer of these WMSCI conferences is Professor Nagib Callaos. From 2000 until 2005, the WMSCI was also sponsored by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The IEEE stopped granting sponsorship to Callaos from 2006 to 2008.

Submitting the paper was a deliberate attempt to embarrass WMSCI, which the authors claim accepts low-quality papers and sends unsolicited requests for submissions in bulk to academics. As the SCIgen website states:{{quotation

Computing writer Stan Kelly-Bootle noted in ACM Queue that many sentences in the "Rooter" paper were individually plausible, which he regarded as posing a problem for automated detection of hoax articles. He suggested that even human readers might be taken in by the effective use of jargon ("The pun on root/router is par for MIT-graduate humor, and at least one occurrence of methodology is mandatory") and attribute the paper's apparent incoherence to their own limited knowledge. His conclusion was that "a reliable gibberish filter requires a careful holistic review by several peer domain experts".^[4]

Schlangemann {{anchor|Schlangemann}}

The pseudonym "Herbert Schlangemann" was used to publish fake scientific articles in international conferences that claimed to practice peer review. The name is taken from the Swedish short film Der Schlangemann.

• In 2008, in response to a series of Call-for-Paper e-mails, SCIgen was used to generate a false scientific paper titled Towards the Simulation of E-Commerce, using "Herbert Schlangemann" as the author. The article was accepted at the 2008 International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (CSSE 2008), co-sponsored by the IEEE, to be held in Wuhan, China, and the author was invited to be a session chair on grounds of his fictional Curriculum Vitae.^[5] The official review comment: "This paper presents cooperative technology and classical Communication. In conclusion, the result shows that though the much-touted amphibious algorithm for the refinement of randomized algorithms is impossible, the well-known client-server algorithm for the analysis of voice-over-IP by Kumar and Raman runs in _(n) time. The authors can clearly identify important features of visualization of DHTs and analyze them insightfully. It is recommended that the authors should develop ideas more cogently, organizes them more logically, and connects them with clear transitions." The paper was available for a short time in the IEEE Xplore Database but was then removed. The entire story is described in the official "Herbert Schlangemann" blog,^[6] and it also received attention in Slashdot^[7] and the German-language technology-news site Heise Online.^[8][9]
• In 2009, the same incident happened and Herbert Schlangemann's latest fake paper PlusPug: A Methodology for the Improvement of Local-Area Networks was accepted for oral presentation at the 2009 International Conference on e-Business and Information System Security (EBISS 2009), also co-sponsored by IEEE, to be held again in Wuhan, China.^[6]

In all cases, the published papers were withdrawn from the conferences' proceedings, and the conference organizing committee as well as the names of the keynote speakers were removed from their websites.

List of other works with notable acceptance

In conferences

• Rob Thomas: Rooter: A Methodology for the Typical Unification of Access Points and Redundancy, 2005 for WMSCI (see above)
• Mathias Uslar's paper was accepted to the IPSI-BG conference.^[10]
• Professor Genco Gulan published a paper in the 3rd International Symposium of Interactive Media Design.^[11]
• {{anchor|How many SCIgen papers in Computer Science?}} A 2013 scientometrics paper demonstrated that at least 85 SCIgen papers have been published by IEEE and Springer.^[12] Over 120 SCIgen papers were removed according to this research.^[13]

In journals

• {{anchor|Elsevier}}Students at Iran's Sharif University of Technology published a paper in Elsevier's Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computation.^[14] The students wrote under the surname "MosallahNejad", which translates literally from Persian language (in spite of not being a traditional Persian name) as "from an Armed Breed". The paper was subsequently removed when the publishers were informed that it was a joke paper.^[15]
• {{anchor|Russia}}Mikhail Gelfand published a translation of the "Rooter" article in the Russian-language Journal of Scientific Publications of Aspirants and Doctorants in August 2008. Gelfand was protesting against the journal, which was apparently not peer reviewed and was being used by Russian PhD candidates to publish in an "accredited" scientific journal, charging them 4000 Rubles to do so. The accreditation was revoked two weeks later.^{[16][17][18][19][20]} (See Dissernet for related information.)
• Springer Science+Business Media and IEEE were also the subject of similar pranks.

Spoofing Google Scholar and h-index calculators

Refereeing performed on behalf of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers has also been subject to criticism after fake papers were discovered in conference publications, most notably by Labbé and a researcher using the pseudonym of Schlangemann.^{[21][22][23][24][25][26]}

Cyril Labbé from Grenoble University demonstrated the vulnerability of h-index calculations based on Google Scholar output by feeding it a large set of SCIgen-generated documents that were citing each other, effectively an academic link farm, in a 2010 paper. Using this method the author managed to rank "Ike Antkare" ahead of Albert Einstein for instance.^[27]

See also

• Academic conference
• Derailment (thought disorder)
• Infinite monkey theorem
• List of scholarly publishing hoaxes
• Parody generator
• Postmodernism Generator
• Sokal affair
• The Engine
• Turing test
• Get me off your fucking mailing list
• Who's Afraid of Peer Review?

References

Further reading

• {{cite journal

• {{cite news

• {{cite news

External links

• [https://464020df-a-62cb3a1a-s-sites.googlegroups.com/site/herbertschlangemann/Home/Herbert_Schlangemann_Towards_the_Simulation_of_E_Commerce.pdf?attachauth=ANoY7crogsXNQkZ_BjTjTUG5LSkGxbbvSd8HCdSWYbSbY7C2JUXcSwcfMFQbiwB_mqINkB7AV4iCgubbfqppRqmwErXg3YLE3RFurJJ_vnmHBrFtQ6j_EOystSjshk-moLWq1B7yeMFuBqwFYpg6-hR870roEg43HP0K6SwEzEjKxFWrqYGkgyGo6RIjKZv5AwZscGQdFAdu2RGy5x5Rvgd3NRnlLyxEMa-W5fsGeqJcjd_4kyT8hiPprR-9Uq_fv0QDJU8c01m5jtRmgNfpnpfdU7_ecWdJdM8Th904IKYYFPJkHCw-kek%3D&attredirects=0 Copy of the fake paper: Towards the Simulation of E-Commerce by Herbert Schlangemann]
• SCIgen - An Automatic CS Paper Generator
• SCIgen detection website

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