| 词条 | Scirpus |
| 释义 |
|image = Scirpus atrovirens NRCS-3.jpg |image_caption = Scirpus atrovirens |taxon = Scirpus |authority = L. |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = About 120; see text |synonyms_ref = [1] |synonyms =
}} Scirpus is a genus of aquatic, grass-like species in the family Cyperaceae (the sedges), many with the common names club-rush or bulrush (see also bulrush for other plant genera so-named). Other common names are deergrass or grassweed. They have grass-like leaves, and clusters of small spikelets, often brown. Some species (e.g. S. lacustris) can reach a height of 3 m, while others (e.g. S. supinus) are much smaller, only reaching 20–30 cm tall. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution, found on every continent except Africa and Antarctica.[1] Many species are common in wetlands and can produce dense stands of vegetation, along rivers,[2][3] in coastal deltas[4] and in ponds and potholes.[5] Although flooding is the most important factor affecting its distribution, drought, ice scour, grazing, fire and salinity also affect its abundance.[6] It can survive unfavourable conditions like prolonged flooding, or drought, as buried seeds[7] Scirpus species are often planted to inhibit soil erosion and provide habitat for other wildlife. They are also used in some herbal remedies; the plant's rhizomes are collected in the autumn and winter and dried in the sun before use. Scirpus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including Batrachedra cuniculata. TaxonomyThe taxonomy of the genus is complex, and under review by botanists. Recent studies by taxonomists of the Cyperaceae have resulted in the creation of several new genera, including the genera Schoenoplectus and Bolboschoenus; others (including Blysmus, Isolepis, Nomochloa, and Scirpoides) have also been used. At one point this genus held almost 300 species, but many of the species once assigned to it have now been reassigned, and it now holds an estimated 120 species. Fossil recordSeveral hundred fossil fruits of Scirpus ragozinii have been described from middle Miocene strata of the Fasterholt area near Silkeborg in Central Jutland, Denmark.[8] 35 fossil fruits of the extant Scirpus sylvaticus have been extracted from borehole samples of the Middle Miocene fresh water deposits in Nowy Sacz Basin, West Carpathians, Poland.[9] Selected species(This list is incomplete, and may include some species now assigned to other genera.)
References1. ^1 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2. ^Auclair, A. N. D., Bouchard, A. and Pajaczkowski, J. (1976a). Plant standing crop and productivity relations in a Scirpus–Equisetum wetland. Ecology 57: 941–52. 3. ^Day, R. T., Keddy, P. A., McNeill, J., and Carleton, T. (1988). Fertility and disturbance gradients: a summary model for riverine marsh vegetation. Ecology 69: 1044–54. 4. ^Gough, L. G., Grace, J. B., and Taylor, K. L. (1994). The relationship between species richness and community biomass: the importance of environmental variables. Oikos 70: 271–9. 5. ^van der Valk, A. G. (1989). Northern Prairie Wetlands. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press. 6. ^Keddy, P.A. (2010). Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 7. ^van der Valk, A. G. and Davis, C. B. (1976). The seed banks of prairie glacial marshes. Canadian Journal of Botany 54: 1832–8. 8. ^Angiosperm Fruits and Seeds from the Middle Miocene of Jutland (Denmark) by Else Marie Friis, The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters 24:3, 1985 9. ^Łańcucka-Środoniowa M.: Macroscopic plant remains from the freshwater Miocene of the Nowy Sącz Basin (West Carpathians, Poland) [Szczątki makroskopowe roślin z miocenu słodkowodnego Kotliny Sądeckiej (Karpaty Zachodnie, Polska)]. Acta Palaeobotanica 1979 20 (1): 3-117. External links
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2 : Scirpus|Cyperaceae genera |
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