| 词条 | Scotland Island, New South Wales |
| 释义 |
|frame=yes |frame-width=360 |frame-height=280 |text=Scotland Island |zoom=13 |type=shape |stroke-colour=#C60C30 |stroke-width=3 |title=Scotland Island }} Scotland Island is an island in Pittwater, in the north of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Church Point, Scotland Island's major mainland service locality, is located 32 kilometres north of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of Northern Beaches Council. Geography and geologyScotland Island is located in Pittwater, off Church Point. The island is approximately 1 km in diameter and its highest point is over 100 metres above sea level. To the east is the suburb of Newport, west is Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, and south are the suburbs of Church Point and Bayview. Around 18,000 years ago Scotland Island was a hill in a river valley. Following the last ice age, sea levels rose, flooding the valley, forming Pittwater and creating the island. There are many small beaches, consisting mainly of mud, mangroves and rocks. There are no rivers or cliffs, but some small caves towards the top of the island. The top of the island is sandstone and the lower part consists of sedimentary rocks from the Narrabeen group.[1] HistoryEuropean discovery and first exploration of the island was in 1788, shortly after the establishment of a penal colony in Sydney Cove. The island was originally named Pitt Island by Arthur Phillip, Governor of the colony, in honour of William Pitt, the British prime minister at the time. The first European settler to own land on Scotland Island was Andrew Thompson where he created a successful salt works. He renamed the island Scotland Island after his homeland. He built boats on the island until his death in 1810. The island was sold as a whole several times in the nineteenth century before being sub-divided and sold off in lots in 1906. Around 1900, salt was extracted from seawater near what is now known as Tennis Court Wharf. Using an oil burner, about 90 kg were extracted each week.[2] Permanent residents took up residence in the 1960s and power connected to the island in 1967. Sheep farms were located on the island at one time but now the majority of workers commute to the mainland. CommunityScotland Island is one of two inhabited islands in the Sydney area and according to the {{CensusAU|2016}}, the island was home to 579 residents.[3] The island is accessed by the Church Point Ferry and private vessels. Most of the island consists of bushland, with a residential zones of approximately 350 houses around the perimeter foreshore. There are no shops, cafes or industrial zones. The non-residential buildings are a kindergarten, Community Hall and Fire Station. The Child Centre and Community Hall were built by the residents in the 1980s and 1990s and are used for various purposes. Community groups on the island include Island Thinking, which organises regular discussion groups, and a number of artists. In 2006, an arts and film festival was organised on the island by the community. A fire in an art gallery in neighbouring Newport destroyed a collection of artworks created by artists living on Scotland Island and the offshore communities of Pittwater. There is no road access to the island, so the volunteer fire brigade fulfill a number of essential services normally performed by full-time emergency service personnel in other areas of Sydney. The Scotland Island Rural Fire Brigade (SIRFB) is made up of volunteers: about 30 active (firefighting) members and about another 30 associate (non-firefighting) members.{{Citation needed|date=August 2008}} Scotland Island is a renowned hub for Sydney artists and musicians. Notable residents include Continental Rob Suzs from 1980's Sydney soulsters, The Dynamic Hepnotics, and blues and roots singer Jackie Marshall. Popular cultureScotland Island was used as a location in Australian mystery/crime writer Peter Corris novel "The Greenwich Apartments" (Sydney, Allen & Unwin, 1986); {{ISBN|978-0-04-820030-3}}, but was renamed Shetland Island. ClimateClimate is characterised by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. Summers are usually somewhat wetter than winters, with much of the rainfall coming from convectional thunderstorm activity. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfa" (Humid Subtropical Climate).[4] {{Weather box|location = Scotland Island, New South Wales |single line = Yes |metric first = Yes |Jan high F = 78 |Feb high F = 78 |Mar high F = 76 |Apr high F = 72 |May high F = 66 |Jun high F = 62 |Jul high F = 60 |Aug high F = 63 |Sep high F = 67 |Oct high F = 71 |Nov high F = 74 |Dec high F = 77 |year high F = 70 |Jan low F = 65 |Feb low F = 65 |Mar low F = 63 |Apr low F = 58 |May low F = 52 |Jun low F = 48 |Jul low F = 46 |Aug low F = 48 |Sep low F = 51 |Oct low F = 56 |Nov low F = 59 |Dec low F = 63 |year low F = 56 |Jan precipitation inch = 4 |Feb precipitation inch = 4 |Mar precipitation inch = 5 |Apr precipitation inch = 4 |May precipitation inch = 4 |Jun precipitation inch = 5 |Jul precipitation inch = 3 |Aug precipitation inch = 3 |Sep precipitation inch = 2 |Oct precipitation inch = 3 |Nov precipitation inch = 3 |Dec precipitation inch = 3 |year precipitation inch = 48 |source 1 = Weatherbase [5] |date=July 2013 }} References1. ^{{cite web |title=Towards a Richer Understanding of Local Geology,STEP INC, Retrieved February 22nd, 2018,|last= John Martyn|url=http://www.step.org.au/index.php/item/176-towards-a-richer-understanding-of-local-geology}} 2. ^Scotland Island Community Website 3. ^http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC13505 4. ^Climate Summary for Scotland Island, New South Wales 5. ^{{cite web|url =http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=260660&cityname=Scotland-Island-New-South-Wales|publisher=Weatherbase|title=Weatherbase.com|year=2013}}Retrieved on July 13, 2013. External links
3 : Suburbs of Sydney|Populated places established in the 1960s|Northern Beaches Council |
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