| 词条 | Kune (software) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Kune |logo = |screenshot = |caption = |collapsible = yes |author = Comunes Collective |developer = Comunes Collective, IEPALA Foundation |released = {{start date and age|2007}} |discontinued = |latest release version = 1.0.0 (Codename "free-riders")[1] |latest release date = {{release date and age|2015|3|18}} |latest preview version = |latest preview date = |frequently updated = |programming language = Java-based Google Web Toolkit |operating system = |platform = Cross-platform |size = |language = Multi-language (more than 10) |status = Active (as of 2015-05) |genre = Web application Collaborative software Distributed social network |license = AGPLv3 |website = {{URL|http://kune.ourproject.org/}} {{URL|https://kune.cc/}} }} Kune is a free/open source distributed social network focused on collaboration rather than just on communication.[2] That is, it focuses on online real-time collaborative editing, decentralized social networking and web publishing, while focusing on workgroups rather than just on individuals.[3][4] It aims to allow for the creation of online spaces for collaborative work where organizations and individuals can build projects online, coordinate common agendas, set up virtual meetings, publish on the web, and join organizations with similar interests. It has a special focus on Free Culture and social movements needs.[5][6] Kune is a project of the Comunes Collective. Technical detailsKune is programmed using the Java-based GWT in the client-side, integrating Apache Wave (formerly Google Wave) and using mainly the open protocols XMPP and Wave Federation Protocol. GWT Java sources on the client side generates obfuscated and deeply optimized JavaScript conforming a single page application. Wave extensions (gadgets, bots) run on top of Kune (as in Facebook apps) and can be programmed in Java+GWT, JavaScript or Python. The current version has been under development since 2007,[7] with a constant, stable growth and an established codebase.[8] Nowadays the code is hosted in the GIT of Gitorious,[9] it has a development site[2] and its main node[10] maintained by the Comunes Collective. Kune is 100% free software and was built only using free software. Its software is licensed under the Affero GPL license while the art is under a Creative Commons BY-SA. PhilosophyKune was born in order to face a growing concern from the community behind it. Nowadays, groups (a group of friends, activists, a NGO, a small start-up) that need to work together typically will use multiple free (like beer) commercial centralized for-profit services (e.g. Google Docs, Google Groups, Facebook, Wordpress.com, Dropbox, Flickr, eBay ...) in order to communicate and collaborate online. However, "If you're not paying for it, you're the product".[11] In order to avoid that, such groups of users may ask a technical expert to build them mailing lists, a webpage and maybe to set up an etherpad. However, technicians are needed for any new list (as they cannot configure e.g. GNU Mailman), configuration change, etc., creating a strong dependency and ultimately a bottle-neck.[12] Kune aims to cover all those needs of groups to communicate and collaborate, in an usable way and thus without depending on technical experts .[13] It aims to be a free/libre web service (and thus in the cloud), but decentralized as email so a user can choose the server they want and still interoperate transparently with the rest. Opposite to most distributed social networks, this software focuses on collaboration and building, not only on communication and sharing. Thus, Kune does not aim to ultimately replace Facebook, but also all the above-mentioned commercial services. Kune has a strong focus on the construction of Free Culture and eventually facilitate Commons-based peer production.[14] History
The origin of Kune relies on the community behind Ourproject.org. Ourproject[17] aimed to provide for Free Culture (social/cultural projects) what Sourceforge and other software forges meant for free software: a collection of communication and collaboration tools that would boost the emergence of community-driven free projects.[18] However, although Ourproject was relatively successful, it was far from the original aims. The analysis of the situation in 2005[19] concluded that only the groups that had a techie among them (who would manage Mailman or install a CMS) were able to move forward, while the rest would abandon the service. Thus, new free collaborative tools were needed, more usable and suitable for anyone, as the available free tools required a high degree of technical expertise. This is why Kune, whose name means "together" in Esperanto, was developed. The first prototypes of Kune were developed using Ruby on Rails and Pyjamas (later known as Pyjs). However, with the release of Java and the Google Web Toolkit as free software, the community embraced these technologies since 2007.[7] In 2009, with a stable codebase and about to release a major version of Kune,[20] Google announced the Google Wave project and promised it would be released as free software. Wave was using the same technologies of Kune (Java + GWT, Guice, XMPP protocol) so it would be easy to integrate after its release. Besides, Wave was offering an open federated protocol, easy extensibility (through gadgets), easy control versioning, and very good real-time edition of documents. Thus, the community decided to halt the development of Kune, and wait for its release... in the meanwhile developing gadgets that would be integrated in Kune later on.[21][22][23] In this same period, the community established the Comunes Association (with an acknowledged inspiration in Software in the Public Interest) as a non-profit legal umbrella for free software tools for encouraging the Commons and facilitating the work of social movements.[24] The umbrella covered Ourproject, Kune and Move Commons,[25] together with some other minor projects. In November 2010, the free Apache Wave (previously Wave-in-a-Box) was released, under the umbrella of the Apache Foundation. Since then, the community began integrating its source code within the Kune previous codebase,[26] and with the support of the IEPALA Foundation.[27] Kune released its Beta and moved to production in April 2012. Since then, Kune has been catalogued as "activism 2.0"[28] and citizen tool,[29][30] a tool for NGOs,[31][32] multi-tool for general purpose[33] (and following that, criticized for the risk of falling on the second-system effect[34]) and example of the new paradigm.[35] It was selected as "open website of the week" by the Open University of Catalonia[36] and as one of the #Occupy Tech projects.[37] Nowadays there are plans of another federated social network, Lorea (based on Elgg), to connect with Kune.[38] Feature list
Supporters and adoptersKune has the active support of several organizations and institutions:
See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|title=Released Kune Version 1.0.0 Codename "free-riders"|url=http://kune.ourproject.org/2015/03/released-kune-version-1-0-0-codename-free-riders/|accessdate=2015-06-23|date=2015-03-18|website=Kune Blog}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|title=Kune development site|url=http://kune.ourproject.org|accessdate=3 February 2011}} 3. ^{{cite news|title=Presentando el proyecto Kune, redes sociales y colaboración libre para grupos|url=http://barrapunto.com/article.pl?sid=11/08/21/2240235|language= Spanish|accessdate=28 August 2011|newspaper=Barrapunto (Spanish Slashdot)|date=22 August 2011}} 4. ^{{cite news|title=Presentando el proyecto Kune, redes sociales y colaboración libre para grupos|url=http://www.meneame.net/story/presentando-proyecto-kune-redes-sociales-colaboracion-libre|language= Spanish|accessdate=28 August 2011|newspaper=Menéame (Spanish Digg)|date=23 August 2011}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Kune FAQ|url=http://kune.ourproject.org/faq|accessdate=7 July 2012}} 6. ^{{cite news| title = Das neue Internet| first = Niels| last = Boeing| authorlink = | url = http://www.zeit.de/zeit-wissen/2012/05/Das-alternative-Netz/komplettansicht| format = | agency = | newspaper = Die Zeit| publisher = | location = Germany| isbn = | issn = | oclc = | pmid = | pmd = | bibcode = | doi = | id = | date = 31 August 2012| page = | pages = | at = | accessdate = 5 September 2012| language = German|trans-title=The new internet| quote = | ref = }} 7. ^1 {{cite video |people= |date= 26 January 2008|title= Video: Status of Kune development (Jan 2008)|url=http://kune.ourproject.org/2008/01/status-jan08/|format= AVI |medium= |trans_title= |publisher= |location= |accessdate=28 August 2011|time= |id= |isbn= |oclc= |quote= |ref= }} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Kune project in Ohloh|url=http://www.ohloh.net/p/kune|author=Ohloh|accessdate=28 August 2011}} 9. ^{{Cite web|title=Kune repository in Gitorious|url=https://gitorious.org/kune| accessdate = 2 September 2012| author = | last = | first = | authorlink = | website = | publisher = Gitorious| pages = | format = | quote = | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121024191020/https://gitorious.org/kune|dead-url=yes| archivedate = 2012-10-24}} 10. ^{{Cite web|title=Kune node "Kune.cc"|url=http://kune.cc| accessdate = 5 September 2012| author = | last = | first = | authorlink = | website = | publisher = Maintained by Comunes Collective| pages = | format = | quote = }} 11. ^{{cite news|title=If You’re Not Paying for It; You’re the Product|url=http://lifehacker.com/5697167/if-youre-not-paying-for-it-youre-the-product|accessdate=7 July 2012|newspaper=Lifehacker|date=23 November 2010}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Kune 0.0.9 published (codename "15M")|url=http://kune.ourproject.org/2011/08/kune-0-0-9-published-codename-15m/|accessdate=12 April 2012|publisher = Kune Blog|date=4 August 2011}} 13. ^{{cite news|title=Software libre, hardware libre, ¿servicios libres?|url=http://libertonia.escomposlinux.org/story/2009/5/27/12014/3120|accessdate=3 February 2011|newspaper=Libertonia News|date=27 May 2009}} 14. ^{{Cite book| publisher = IOS Press| isbn = 9781614990642|last1= Mass Araya|first1= Elizabeth Roxana |last2= Borsetti Gregorio Vidotti|first2= Silvana Aparecida|editor1-first= Ana Alice|editor1-last=Baptista|editor2-first= Peter|editor2-last= Linde|editor3-first= Niklas|editor3-last= Lavesson|editor4-first=Miguel |display-editors = 3 |editor4-last= Abrunhosa de Brito| title = Social Shaping of Digital Publishing: Exploring the Interplay Between Culture and Technology|chapter-url= http://www.booksonline.iospress.nl/Content/View.aspx?piid=30613|chapter= Creative Commons: a Convergence Model Between the Ideal of Commons and the Possibilities of Creation in Contemporary TimesOpposed to Copyright Impediments| date = 15 July 2012|accessdate= 19 August 2012|pages= 3–11}} 15. ^{{cite news|title=Kune new release "99%" & production site|url=https://tech.occupy.net/2012/04/24/kune-new-release-99-production-site/|accessdate=9 June 2012|date=24 April 2012|newspaper= #Occupy Tech News}} 16. ^{{cite news|title=New release of collaborative distributed social network Kune: "Ostrom"|url=https://tech.occupy.net/2012/11/26/new-release-of-collaborative-distributed-social-network-kune-ostrom/|accessdate=26 November 2012|date=26 November 2012|newspaper= #Occupy Tech News}} 17. ^{{cite news|title=There's Life after Microsoft - Free Software Advocates|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/interna.asp?idnews=22073|accessdate=3 February 2011|newspaper=Inter Press Service News Agency|date=24 January 2004|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100907021149/http://www.ipsnews.net/interna.asp?idnews=22073|archivedate=7 September 2010|df=}} 18. ^{{Cite book| last = Camino| first = S.|author2=F. Javier |author3=M. Jiménez Gañán |author4=S. Frutos Cid | chapter = Collaborative Development within Open Source Communities| title =Encyclopedia of Networked and Virtual Organizations|publisher= IGI Global, Information Science Reference|isbn = 978-1-59904-885-7| year = 2008}} 19. ^{{cite press release | title = Towards a new manager of free projects (Hacia un nuevo gestor de proyectos libres) | publisher = Ourproject.org | date = 6 December 2005 | url = http://ourproject.org/moin/Hacia_un_nuevo_gestor_de_Proyectos_Libres | accessdate = 22 April 2012}} 20. ^{{cite news|title=¡Colabora con Kune! Llamado a desarrolladores/as|url=http://www.apesol.org/news/341|publisher=Peru Free Software Association|date=5 May 2009|accessdate=3 February 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822025949/http://www.apesol.org/news/341|archivedate=22 August 2010|df=}} 21. ^{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title = MassMob: Meetings and Smart Mobs | website = | publisher = Comunes Collective | year = 2009 | url = http://massmob.ourproject.org/ | format = | doi = | accessdate = 22 April 2012 }} 22. ^{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title = Troco project: an experimental peer-to-peer currency | website = | publisher = Comunes Collective | origyear =2009| year =2010 | url = http://troco.ourproject.org/ | format = | doi = | accessdate = 22 April 2012 }} 23. ^{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title = Karma: A Reputation Rating System | website = | publisher = Comunes Collective | origyear = 2009| year = 2010 | url = http://karma.ourproject.org/ | format = | doi = | accessdate = 22 April 2012 }} 24. ^{{cite interview |last = |first = |subjectlink = Interview to Comunes Collective |interviewer = Serotonina EH|url = http://ondaexpansiva.net/?p=1001 |title=Free Culture Forum 2011 |work = Free Culture Forum 2011 |publisher = Radio Onda Expansiva |location = Burgos, Spain |date = 9 November 2011 |accessdate =April 8, 2017}} 25. ^{{cite news|title=Move Commons, crowdfunding y etiquetado de proyectos sociales|url=http://www.misapisportuscookies.com/2011/12/move-commons/|accessdate=11 April 2012|newspaper=Mis APIs por tus Cookies|date=1 December 2012}} 26. ^{{Cite web| url = http://ecosistemaurbano.org/castellano/move-commons-y-kune-herramientas-libres-para-el-activismo-y-la-colaboracion/| title = Move Commons & Kune: free tools for activism and collaboration (Move Commons y Kune: herramientas libres para el activismo y la colaboración)| accessdate = 11 April 2012| last = Toledo| first = Jorge| authorlink = | date = 14 February 2012| website = | publisher = Ecosistema Urbano| pages = | format = | quote = }} 27. ^{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title = Presenting status of Kune development Jan-2011 | website = | date = 24 January 2011 | url =http://kune.ourproject.org/2011/01/status-jan2011/ | format = | doi = | accessdate = 22 April 2012 }} 28. ^{{Cite web| url = https://pilargonzalo.wordpress.com/2011/11/04/activismo-2-0-y-empoderamiento-ciudadano-en-red-i/| title = Activism 2.0 and citizen empowerment in the net (I) (Activismo 2.0 y empoderamiento ciudadano en red (I))| accessdate = 11 April 2012| last = Gonzalo| first = Pilar| authorlink = | date = 4 November 2011| website = | pages = | format = | quote = }} 29. ^{{cite journal|title=Free Knowledge: Collective intelligence for developing free tools and community resources (Conocimiento libre: Inteligencia colectiva para desarrollar herramientas libres y recursos comunitarios)|journal=¡Rebelaos!|year=2012|volume=1|pages=10}} 30. ^{{cite news|title= Cooperation, Collaboration and citizen power (Cooperación, colaboración y poder ciudadano)|url=http://www.sindikos.com/2012/01/cooperacion-colaboracion-y-poder-ciudadano/|accessdate=11 April 2012|newspaper=Sindikos|date=20 January 2012}} 31. ^{{Cite web| url = http://www.democraciaycooperacion.net/contenidos-sitio-web/espanol/fidc/entre-foros/iii-taller-internacional-del/informacion-398/article/las-redes-de-organizaciones| title = Las redes de organizaciones sociales del CIS generan propuestas para la internacionalización de la acción| accessdate = 11 April 2012| author = | last = | first = | authorlink = | date = 5 March 2011| website = | publisher = Foro Internacional Democracia y Cooperación| pages = | format = | quote = }} 32. ^{{Cite report | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = February 2012 | title = Document Summary of the Rapporteur of Second Regional Workshop Latin America and the Caribbean | url = http://www.democraciaycooperacion.net/IMG/pdf/Summary_Rapporteur_and_context.pdf | publisher = Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (Spain) | format = | others = | edition = | location = Mexico City | chapter = | section = | page = | pages = 15 | docket = | accessdate = 12 April 2012 | quote =}} 33. ^{{Cite web| url = http://www.contenidosenred.com/blog/kune/| title = Kune| accessdate = 11 April 2012| authorlink = | authors = Lucrecia Baquero, Clara Alba| date = 17 February 2012| website = | publisher = Contenidos en Red| pages = | format = | quote = }} 34. ^{{Cite web |url = http://jotarp.org/2011/10/internet/contra-las-redes-sociales.html |title = Against social networks (Contra las redes sociales) |accessdate = 11 April 2012 |last = Palacios |first = J. Ramón |authorlink = |date = 24 October 2011 |website = |publisher = Jotarp |pages = |quote = |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20111027220109/http://jotarp.org/2011/10/internet/contra%2Dlas%2Dredes%2Dsociales.html |dead-url = yes |archivedate = 2011-10-27}} 35. ^{{Cite web| url = https://semillasdeinnovacion.wordpress.com/2012/03/13/sobre-la-necesidad-de-acercar-la-ciudad-al-campo-y-viceversa/| title = On the need to bring closer city and country (Sobre la necesidad de acercar la ciudad al campo y viceversa)| accessdate = 11 April 2012| authorlink = | authors = Lucrecia Baquero, Clara Alba| date = 13 March 2012| website = | publisher = Semillas de Innovación| pages = | format = | quote = }} 36. ^{{cite news |title = Open website of the week: Kune |url = http://mentesabiertas.uoc.edu/webabiertas/webabiertadelasemanakune?lang=en |accessdate = 11 April 2012 |newspaper = Open Minds, Open University of Catalonia |date = 5 March 2012 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150114202749/http://mentesabiertas.uoc.edu/webabiertas/webabiertadelasemanakune?lang=en |archivedate = 14 January 2015 |df = }} 37. ^{{cite web| last =| first =| authorlink =| title =#Occupy Tech projects| website =| url =https://tech.occupy.net/projects/| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120311080419/http://tech.occupy.net/projects/| dead-url =yes| archive-date =11 March 2012| format =| doi =| accessdate =22 April 2012}} 38. ^{{cite news|title= Radical Community Manager|url=https://ncomuneszgz.wordpress.com/2012/01/08/radical-community-manager/|accessdate=11 April 2012|newspaper=Nociones Comunes|date=17 March 2012}} 39. ^{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title = | work = | publisher = | url = | format = | doi = | accessdate = }} 40. ^{{cite press release | title = | publisher = | url = | accessdate = }} 41. ^{{Cite book| last = Camino| first = S.|author2=F. Javier |author3=M. Jiménez Gañán |author4=S. Frutos Cid | chapter = Collaborative Development within Open Source Communities| title =Encyclopedia of Networked and Virtual Organizations|publisher= IGI Global, Information Science Reference|isbn = 978-1-59904-885-7| year = 2008}} 42. ^{{Cite journal| volume = 32| issue = 3| pages = 1–1| last = Machado| first = H.|author2=A. Suset |author3=GJ Martín |author4=FR Funes-Monzote | title = From the reductionist approach to the system approach in Cuban agriculture: a necessary change of vision| journal = Pastos y Forrajes| year = 2009}} 43. ^{{cite news|title=|url=|accessdate=11 April 2012|newspaper=|date=29 January 2004}} 44. ^{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title = Emite: XMPP & GWT | website = | url =http://emite.googlecode.com/ | format = | doi = | accessdate = 22 April 2012 }} 45. ^{{cite web|title=IEPALA Foundation homepage|url=http://www.iepala.es|accessdate=22 April 2012}} 46. ^{{cite web|title=Grasia Research Group homepage|url=http://grasia.fdi.ucm.es/main/|accessdate=22 April 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504221922/http://grasia.fdi.ucm.es/main/|archivedate=4 May 2012|df=}} 47. ^{{cite web|title=Medialab-Prado (Madrid) homepage|url=http://medialab-prado.es|accessdate=22 April 2012}} 48. ^{{cite web|title=Comunes profile in Medialab-Prado|url=http://medialab-prado.es/person/comunes|accessdate=22 April 2012}} External links
24 : Project hosting websites|Creative Commons-licensed websites|Collaborative projects|Social networks for social change|Free groupware|Free project management software|Multilingual websites|Community websites|Social software|Web applications|Instant messaging|Online chat|Social information processing|Groupware|Wikis|Blog software|Collaborative real-time editors|2012 software|Electronic documents|Free software|Free software programmed in Java (programming language)|Cross-platform free software|Internet properties established in 2007|Software using the GNU AGPL license |
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